Judged by your neighbors: Brain structural normativity profiles for large and heterogeneous samples.

The detection of norm deviations is fundamental to clinical decision making and impacts our ability to diagnose and treat diseases effectively. Current normative modeling approaches rely on generic comparisons and quantify deviations in relation to the population average. However, generic models interpolate subtle nuances and risk the loss of critical information, thereby compromising effective personalization of health care strategies.

Low income, being without employment, and living alone: how they are associated with cognitive functioning-Results from the German national cohort (NAKO).

Aim was to investigate to what extent cognitive functioning differs by three socioeconomic conditions: low income, being without employment, and living alone. A total of N = 158,144 participants of the population-based German National Cohort (NAKO) provided data on socioeconomic conditions and completed cognitive tests. Multivariable confounder-adjusted regression analyses indicated that cognitive functioning was lower in those with low income (b = -0.

Carrageenan and insulin resistance in humans: a randomised double-blind cross-over trial.

Background: The potential impact of specific food additives, common in Western diets, on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is not well understood. This study focuses on carrageenan, a widely used food additive known to induce insulin resistance and gut inflammation in animal models, and its effects on human health.

Methods: In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial conducted at a university hospital metabolic study centre, 20 males (age 27.

Burden of infant mortality associated with flood in 37 African countries.

Floods are becoming more frequent and severe in the context of climate change, with major impacts on human health. However, their effect on infant mortality remains unknown, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a sibling-matched case-control study using individual-level data from Demographic and Health Surveys in Africa during 1990-2020.

Analyzing longitudinal trait trajectories using GWAS identifies genetic variants for kidney function decline.

Understanding the genetics of kidney function decline, or trait change in general, is hampered by scarce longitudinal data for GWAS (longGWAS) and uncertainty about how to analyze such data. We use longitudinal UK Biobank data for creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate from 348,275 individuals to search for genetic variants associated with eGFR-decline. This search was performed both among 595 variants previously associated with eGFR in cross-sectional GWAS and genome-wide.

Temporal change in minimum mortality temperature under changing climate: A multicountry multicommunity observational study spanning 1986-2015.

Background: The minimum mortality temperature (MMT) or MMT percentile (MMTP) is an indicator of population susceptibility to nonoptimum temperatures. MMT and MMTP change over time; however, the changing directions show region-wide heterogeneity. We examined the heterogeneity of temporal changes in MMT and MMTP across multiple communities and in multiple countries.

CORUM in 2024: protein complexes as drug targets.

CORUM (https://mips.helmholtz-muenchen.de/corum/) is a public database that offers comprehensive information about mammalian protein complexes, including their subunits, functions and associations with human diseases.

A "poly-matter network" conception of biological inheritance.

Here we intend to shift the "DNA- and information-centric" conception of biological inheritance, with the accompanying exclusion of any non-DNA matter, to a "poly-matter network" framework which, in addition to DNA, considers the action of other cellular membranous constituents. These cellular structures, in particular organelles and plasma membranes, express "landscapes" of specific topologies at their surfaces, which may become altered in response to certain environmental factors. These so-called "membranous environmental landscapes" (MELs), which replicate by self-organization / autopoiesis rather than self-assembly, are transferred from donor to acceptor cells by various - vesicular and non-vesicular - mechanisms and exert novel features in the acceptor cells.

Relationship of proteins and subclinical cardiovascular traits in the population-based LIFE-Adult study.

Background And Aims: Understanding molecular processes of the early phase of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease conditions is of utmost importance for early prediction and intervention measures.

Methods: We measured 92 cardiovascular-disease-related proteins (Olink, Cardiovascular III) in 2024 elderly participants of the population-based LIFE-Adult study. We analysed the impact of 27 covariables on these proteins including blood counts, cardiovascular risk factors and life-style-related parameters.

Association of plasma proteomics with mortality in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes: Results from two population-based KORA cohort studies.

Background: Protein biomarkers may contribute to the identification of vulnerable subgroups for premature mortality. This study aimed to investigate the association of plasma proteins with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with and without baseline type 2 diabetes (T2D) and evaluate their impact on the prediction of all-cause mortality in two prospective Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) studies.

Methods: The discovery cohort comprised 1545 participants (median follow-up 15.

Reduction in mitochondrial ATP synthesis mimics the effect of low glucose in depolarizing neurons from the subpostremal nucleus of the solitary tract of rats.

Neurons of the subpostremal nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) respond to changes in extracellular glucose with alterations in membrane potential with both depolarization and hyperpolarization. From 5 mM glucose, a rapid shift to 0.5 mM glucose produces a membrane depolarization by an unknown mechanism in most neurons.

Short-Term Effects of Lower Air Temperature and Cold Spells on Myocardial Infarction Hospitalizations in Sweden.

Background: Lower air temperature and cold spells have been associated with an increased risk of various diseases. However, the short-term effect of lower air temperature and cold spells on myocardial infarction (MI) remains incompletely understood.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of lower air temperature and cold spells on the risk of hospitalization for MI in Sweden.

Adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy for patients with head and neck cancer: can comorbidity risk scores predict outcome?

Purpose: This study compares the objective American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27 (ACE-27) scores with the subjective Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) for patient outcome prediction.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy at the LMU Munich from June 2008 to June 2015. The study focused on associations between patient outcomes; treatment failures; known risk factors (including human papillomavirus [HPV] status and tumor stage); and the comorbidity indices ECOG-PS, ASA score, and ACE-27.

Iron-sulfur cluster loss in mitochondrial CISD1 mediates PINK1 loss-of-function phenotypes.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. Familial cases of PD are often caused by mutations of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and the ubiquitin ligase Parkin, both pivotal in maintaining mitochondrial quality control. CISD1, a homodimeric mitochondrial iron-sulfur-binding protein, is a major target of Parkin-mediated ubiquitination.