The rational design of novel 5-amino-2-oxindole derivatives with antiglaucomic activity.

Compounds with a 2-oxindole scaffold play an important role in organic synthesis and especially in the synthesis of bioactive organic compounds, therefore, the development of new methods for modifying this scaffold is a very interesting and urgent task. In the framework of this study, we have created a rational approach to the synthesis of 5-amino-substituted derivatives of 2-oxindole. The approach is characterized by good total yield and a small number of steps.

Gamma-Synuclein Dysfunction Causes Autoantibody Formation in Glaucoma Patients and Dysregulation of Intraocular Pressure in Mice.

Dysregulation of intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the main risk factors for glaucoma. γ-synuclein is a member of the synuclein family of widely expressed synaptic proteins within the central nervous system that are implicated in certain types of neurodegeneration. γ-synuclein expression and localization changes in the retina and optic nerve of patients with glaucoma.

A Pilot Study of Changes in the Level of Catecholamines and the Activity of α-2-Macroglobulin in the Tear Fluid of Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonian Mice.

Development of differential and early (preclinical) diagnostics of Parkinson's disease (PD) is among the priorities in neuroscience. We searched for changes in the level of catecholamines and α-2-macroglobulin activity in the tear fluid (TF) in PD patients at an early clinical stage. It was shown that TF in patients is characterized by an increased level of noradrenaline mainly on the ipsilateral side of pronounced motor symptoms (72%, = 0.

Melatonin mitigates disrupted circadian rhythms, lowers intraocular pressure, and improves retinal ganglion cells function in glaucoma.

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy associated with damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and disrupted circadian rhythms. Melatonin is a promising substance to ameliorate glaucoma-associated compromised circadian rhythms, sleep, mood, and retinal cells function. However, studies estimating melatonin effects in glaucoma are currently lacking.

The Association between Tear Film Thickness as Measured with OCT and Symptoms and Signs of Dry Eye Disease: A Pooled Analysis of 6 Clinical Trials.

Purpose: To determine the association between tear film thickness (TFT) as measured with ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) and signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED).

Methods: A total of 450 eyes from 225 patients with DED from six different randomized clinical trials were included in this pooled analysis. In all subjects, TFT was measured with a custom-built UHR-OCT system.

Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Manifestations of Catecholamine Dysfunction in the Eye in Parkinson's Disease As a Basis for Developing Early Diagnosis.

This review provides information on the non-motor peripheral manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) associated with a pathology of the visual analyzer and the auxiliary apparatus of the eye. The relationship between neurodegenerative processes that take place in the brain and in the eye opens new prospects to use preventive ophthalmologic examination to diagnose PD long before the characteristic motor symptoms appear. This will encourage the use of neuroprotective therapy, which stops, or at least slows down, neuronal death, instead of the current replacement therapy with dopamine agonists.

Multicenter External Validation of the Liverpool Uveal Melanoma Prognosticator Online: An OOG Collaborative Study.

Uveal melanoma (UM) is fatal in ~50% of patients as a result of disseminated disease. This study aims to externally validate the Liverpool Uveal Melanoma Prognosticator Online V3 (LUMPO3) to determine its reliability in predicting survival after treatment for choroidal melanoma when utilizing external data from other ocular oncology centers. Anonymized data of 1836 UM patients from seven international ocular oncology centers were analyzed with LUMPO3 to predict the 10-year survival for each patient in each external dataset.

Tear Fluid Catecholamines As Biomarkers of the Parkinson's Disease: A Clinical and Experimental Study.

An important approach to an early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is screening for peripheral biomarkers in patients at the early clinical stage. In this study, we evaluated catecholamine concentration changes in the tear fluid of untreated PD patients as biomarkers. Norepinephrine and dopamine concentrations in the tear fluid of patients were found to increase compared to those in age controls, which was especially pronounced on the side where motor symptoms appeared.

[Mast cells in the microenvironment of uveal melanoma].

Objective: To study the morphological features of the microenvironment of a tumor nodule in the eyes with uveal melanoma, focusing on mast cells.

Material And Methods: A total of 43 enucleated eyes with uveal melanoma (260 histological specimens) were examined. The patients' age averaged 54±2.

[Evaluation of the effect of prostaglandin analogues and a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor/β-blocker combination on the ocular blood flow in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma].

Purpose: To assess the effect of latanoprost and fixed combination of dorzolamide/timolol on ocular hemodynamics in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Material And Methods: The study examined 34 patients (56 eyes) aged 51 to 69 years (average - 62.4±9.

[Thickness of the retinal photoreceptor layers and the choroid, and bioelectrical activity of the macula in retinitis pigmentosa].

Purpose: To assess the changes in photoreceptor retinal layers and the choroid in comparison with bioelectrical activity of the macula in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Material And Methods: The study included 10 patients (20 phakic eyes) with RP. Mean age was 27±18.

Morphological Changes in the Retina Under Conditions of Experimental In Vivo Regional Ischemia/Reperfusion.

Two models of retinal ischemia/reperfusion were developed in an experiment on rats and structural changes in eye tissues in the early and late postischemic periods were studied. Ischemia/reperfusion was modeled by elevation of intraocular pressure to 110 mm Hg for 30 min with air injection into the anterior chamber of the eye with a special device or subconjunctival administration of 0.2 ml 4×10 M endothelin-1.

[Possibilities of multicolor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy in complex diagnostics of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy].

Unlabelled: Multicolor scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (multicolor SLO) is a new informative method of eye fundus visualization. The method is based on synchronously obtaining three separate confocal images with monochromatic laser sources - blue (488 nm), green (515 nm) and infrared (820 nm), which are then combined into one in the Multicolor mode.

Purpose: To evaluate the informative value of multicolor SLO in a complex examination of patients with severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

[Change of priorities when selecting the method of eye removal: enucleation versus evisceration].

Unlabelled: The development and evolution of conservative and surgical methods of treating patients with various ocular pathologies influence the priorities when selecting the method of eye removal.

Purpose: To perform comparative analysis of eye removal methods based on the results of own studies over a long period.

Material And Methods: The study analyses eye removal surgeries performed in Helmholtz Moscow Research Institute of Eye Diseases over the period of 1991 to 2016 and investigates the reasons of selecting enucleation and evisceration methods.

[Efficacy and safety of travoprost in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma].

Purpose: To study the hypotensive efficacy and safety of Travapress (0.004% travoprost) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Material And Methods: The study included 50 patients (91 eyes) aged 45 to 74 years.

[Refraction in pseudophakic eyes after surgical treatment of congenital cataracts].

Unlabelled: The optimal method of correcting aphakia in infants with congenital cataract (CC) is intraocular correction. Considering the growth of the eyes, most authors implant an IOL with lower dioptric power to try to anticipate the refractive indices after the growth, which in some cases do not match the prediction.

Purpose: To evaluate the achieved refraction and its relation to the anterior-posterior axis of pseudophakic eyes after extraction of CC in children of up to one year of age.

[Laser treatment of giant iris cyst in the anterior chamber in a child (a clinical observation)].

The article describes a clinical case of a giant post-traumatic iris cyst occupying the anterior chamber in a 3-year-old child successfully treated with laser methods (YAG-laser and diode-pumped laser with doubled frequency). Cyst scarring was achieved with preservation of visual acuity of 1.0.

[Unilateral multifocal uveal melanoma (a clinical and genetic study)].

The study presents clinical and genetic analysis of a case of unilateral multifocal uveal choroidal melanoma in a patient of 67 years. Results of ophthalmoscopy, echography, fluorescent angiography, optical coherence tomography are described. Molecular genetic testing of peripheral blood samples was performed, including detection of the occurrences of CC genotype in C3435T polymorphism of the gene ABCB1/MDR1 associated with unfavorable vital prognosis.

[Wavefront and accommodation parameters under different conditions of correction in myopia and hyperopia].

Purpose: To compare the wavefront and accommodation parameters without correction and in soft contact lenses (SCL) in natural and cycloplegic conditions in eyes with myopia and hyperopia.

Material And Methods: A total of 142 myopic (mean -5.6±1.

Biochemical and Functional Changes in the Eye As a Manifestation of Systemic Degeneration of the Nervous System in Parkinsonism.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a systemic neurodegenerative condition caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal system of the brain. This disease is diagnosed after most neurons have already been lost, which explains the low efficiency of treatment. Hope for increasing treatment efficiency rests in the development of new strategies for early diagnosis of PD based on a search for peripheral markers that appear as early changes in non-motor functions.

[Role of optical coherence tomography angiography in diagnostics of early choroidal melanoma and circumscribed choroidal hemangioma].

Unlabelled: Small choroidal melanoma is a malignant tumor that is prone to early metastasis, its amelanotic form is often similar to circumscribed choroidal hemangioma. The main attribute for tumor identification is its vascularization, which is the target of various examination methods. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has not been previously used in complex diagnostics of early choroidal melanoma and circumscribed choroidal hemangioma for detection of tumor vessels and the nature of their branching, as well as for vessel caliber comparison.

Retinoblastoma Cell Culturing and Evaluation of Their Drug Resistance.

We obtained primary culture of retinoblastoma cells and evaluated the resistance of cultured ells to chemotherapy. The study included 19 patients aged 6-64 months (mean 27.9±17.

[Radio-wave surgery in the treatment of dacryocystitis].

Unlabelled: By improving the existing surgical technologies for dacryocystitis, one enhances the effectiveness of patient rehabilitation.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of radio-wave surgery in the treatment of dacryocystitis and lacrimal sac abscesses.

Material And Methods: The clinical group consisted of 207 patients ranging in age from 7 to 89 years (the mean age of 41±7.

[Ophthalmic disorders as a manifestation of Parkinson's disease].

Parkinson's disease is a severe neurodegenerative disease accompanied with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system. The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease can still be made only on the stage of irreversible and nearly total degeneration of the nigrostriatum dopaminergic system and exhaustion of brain compensatory mechanisms that explains the low efficacy of therapy. Ophthalmic pathology is one of the nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.