Designing More Informative Multiple-Driver Experiments.

For decades, multiple-driver/stressor research has examined interactions among drivers that will undergo large changes in the future: temperature, pH, nutrients, oxygen, pathogens, and more. However, the most commonly used experimental designs-present-versus-future and ANOVA-fail to contribute to general understanding or predictive power. Linking experimental design to process-based mathematical models would help us predict how ecosystems will behave in novel environmental conditions.

Multi-model chain for climate change scenario analysis to support coastal erosion and water quality risk management for the Metropolitan city of Venice.

Under the influence of anthropogenic climate change, hazardous climate and weather events are increasing in frequency and severity, with wide-ranging impacts across ecosystems and landscapes, especially fragile and dynamic coastal zones. The presented multi-model chain approach combines ocean hydrodynamics, wave fields, and shoreline extraction models to build a Bayesian Network-based coastal risk assessment model for the future analysis of shoreline evolution and seawater quality (i.e.

FLIIMP - a community software for the processing, calibration, and reporting of liquid water isotope measurements on cavity-ring down spectrometers.

Precise and accurate measurements of the stable isotope composition from precipitation, land ice, runoff, and oceans provide critical information on Earth's water cycle. The analysis, post-processing, and calibration of raw analytical signals from laser spectrometers during sample analysis involves a number of critical procedures to counteract instrumental drift, inter-sample memory effects, and the quantification of total uncertainty. We present a new software tool for the post-processing and calibration named FLIIMP (FARLAB Liquid Water Isotope Measurement Processor).

Delayed Antarctic melt season reduces albedo feedback.

Antarctica's response to climate change varies greatly both spatially and temporally. Surface melting impacts mass balance and also lowers surface albedo. We use a 43-year record (from 1978 to 2020) of Antarctic snow melt seasons from space-borne microwave radiometers with a machine-learning algorithm to show that both the onset and the end of the melt season are being delayed.

Spatio-temporal evolution of long-range transported mineral desert dust properties over rural and urban sites in Central Europe.

An exceptionally strong and very fast (120h) mineral dust inflow from North Africa to Poland was predicted by NMMB/BSC-Dust and NAAPS models on 10-11 June 2019. Simultaneous measurements with two complex lidar systems at the EARLINET-ACTRIS urban site in Warsaw (Central Poland) and the PolWET peatland site in Rzecin (Western Poland) captured the evolution of this dust event. The advected air masses had different source areas in North Africa, they were reaching each station via independent pathways, and thus, were unlikely mixed with each other.

Why the 2022 Po River drought is the worst in the past two centuries.

The causes of recent hydrological droughts and their future evolution under a changing climate are still poorly understood. Banking on a 216-year river flow time series at the Po River outlet, we show that the 2022 hydrological drought is the worst event (30% lower than the second worst, with a six-century return period), part of an increasing trend in severe drought occurrence. The decline in summer river flows (-4.

Three-dimensional topology dataset of folded radar stratigraphy in northern Greenland.

We present a dataset of reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) englacial stratigraphic horizons in northern Greenland. The data cover four different regions representing key ice-dynamic settings in Greenland: (i) the onset of Petermann Glacier, (ii) a region upstream of the 79° North Glacier (Nioghalvfjerdsbræ), near the northern Greenland ice divide, (iii) the onset of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) and (iv) a 700 km wide region extending across the central ice divide over the entire northern part of central Greenland. In this paper, we promote the advantages of a 3D perspective of deformed englacial stratigraphy and explain how 3D horizons provide an improved basis for interpreting and reconstructing the ice-dynamic history.

Thecal plate morphology, molecular phylogeny, and toxin analyses reveal two novel species of Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) and their potential for toxin production.

This study describes two novel species of marine dinophytes in the genus Alexandrium. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses support the placement of the new taxa, herein designated as Alexandrium limii sp. nov.

Continuous observations of the surface energy budget and meteorology over the Arctic sea ice during MOSAiC.

The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) was a yearlong expedition supported by the icebreaker R/V Polarstern, following the Transpolar Drift from October 2019 to October 2020. The campaign documented an annual cycle of physical, biological, and chemical processes impacting the atmosphere-ice-ocean system. Of central importance were measurements of the thermodynamic and dynamic evolution of the sea ice.

Phylogeography and molecular diversity of two highly abundant amphipod species in a rapidly changing Arctic Ocean.

Rapid warming in the Arctic is drastically impacting marine ecosystems, affecting species communities and food-web structure. Pelagic amphipods are a major component of the Arctic zooplankton community and represent a key link between secondary producers and marine vertebrates at higher trophic levels. Two co-existing species dominate in the region: the larger , considered a true polar species and the smaller , a sub-Arctic, boreal-Atlantic species.

Ontogenetic differences in the response of the cold-water coral Caryophyllia huinayensis to ocean acidification, warming and food availability.

Cold-water corals (CWCs) are considered vulnerable to environmental changes. However, previous studies have focused on adult CWCs and mainly investigated the short-term effects of single stressors. So far, the effects of environmental changes on different CWC life stages are unknown, both for single and multiple stressors and over long time periods.

Do drinking water plants retain microplastics? An exploratory study using Raman micro-spectroscopy.

The retainment of microplastics (MPs) down to 1 μm by a Danish drinking water plant fed with groundwater was quantified using Raman micro-spectroscopy (μRaman). The inlet and outlet were sampled in parallel triplicates over five consecutive days of normal activity. For each triplicate, approximately 1 m of drinking water was filtered with a custom-made device employing 1 μm steel filters.

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) in Crangon crangon and Pandalus montagui (Decapoda, Caridea) - Implications for lipid storage capacities and life history traits.

Lipids play essential roles in cell-structuring, cell-signaling, and as efficient metabolic energy stores. Lipid storage capacities determine life history traits of organisms and, thus, their ecological function. Among storage lipids, triacylglycerols (TAGs) are widespread in marine invertebrates.

Combined effects of salinity and intermittent hypoxia on mitochondrial capacity and reactive oxygen species efflux in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas.

Coastal environments commonly experience fluctuations in salinity and hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) stress that can negatively affect mitochondrial functions of marine organisms. Although intertidal bivalves are adapted to these conditions, the mechanisms that sustain mitochondrial integrity and function are not well understood. We determined the rates of respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) efflux in the mitochondria of oysters, Crassostrea gigas, acclimated to high (33 psu) or low (15 psu) salinity, and exposed to either normoxic conditions (control; 21% O2) or short-term hypoxia (24 h at <0.

New insights into phylogenetic relationships of Rhabdocoela (Platyhelminthes) including members of Mariplanellida.

Background: Previous flatworm phylogenetic research has been carried out analysing 18S and 28S DNA markers. Through this methodology, Mariplanellinae subfamily has been recently re-classified as Mariplanellida status novus. This new classification implied that 3 genera belonged to Mariplanellida: Mariplanella, Lonchoplanella and Poseidoplanella.

Potential of MALDI-TOF MS-based proteomic fingerprinting for species identification of Cnidaria across classes, species, regions and developmental stages.

Morphological identification of cnidarian species can be difficult throughout all life stages due to the lack of distinct morphological characters. Moreover, in some cnidarian taxa genetic markers are not fully informative, and in these cases combinations of different markers or additional morphological verifications may be required. Proteomic fingerprinting based on MALDI-TOF mass spectra was previously shown to provide reliable species identification in different metazoans including some cnidarian taxa.

Helicopter-borne RGB orthomosaics and photogrammetric digital elevation models from the MOSAiC Expedition.

The Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition took place between October 2019 and September 2020 giving the rare opportunity to monitor sea-ice properties over a full annual cycle. Here we present 24 high-resolution orthomosaics and 14 photogrammetric digital elevation models of the sea-ice surface around the icebreaker RV Polarstern between March and September 2020. The dataset is based on >34.

Evidence for compositionally distinct upper mantle plumelets since the early history of the Tristan-Gough hotspot.

Recent studies indicate that mantle plumes, which transfer material and heat from the earth's interior to its surface, represent multifaceted upwellings. The Tristan-Gough hotspot track (South Atlantic), which formed above a mantle plume, documents spatial geochemical zonation in two distinct sub-tracks since ~70 Ma. The origin and the sudden appearance of two distinct geochemical flavors is enigmatic, but could provide insights into the structural evolution of mantle plumes.

Potential macroalgal expansion and blue carbon gains with northern Antarctic Peninsula glacial retreat.

The West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is a hotspot of physical climate change, especially glacial retreat, particularly in its northern South Shetland Islands (SSI) region. Along coastlines, this process is opening up new ice-free areas, for colonization by a high biodiversity of flora and fauna. At Potter Cove, in the SSI (Isla 25 de Mayo/King George Island), Antarctica, colonization by macroalgae was studied in two newly ice-free areas, a low glacier influence area (LGI), and a high glacier influence area (HGI) differing in the presence of sediment run-off and light penetration, which are driven by levels of glacial influence.

Journey to the deep: plastic pollution in the hadal of deep-sea trenches.

The global increase of plastic production, linked with an overall plastic misuse and waste mismanagement, leads to an inevitable increase of plastic debris that ends up in our oceans. One of the major sinks of this pollution is the deep-sea floor, which is hypothesized to accumulate in its deepest points, the hadal trenches. Little is known about the magnitude of pollution in these trenches, given the remoteness of these environments, numerous factors influencing the input and sinking behavior of plastic debris from shallower environments.

The Impact of Sea Ice Cover on Microbial Communities in Antarctic Shelf Sediments.

The area around the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) is facing rapid climatic and environmental changes, with so far unknown impacts on the benthic microbial communities of the continental shelves. In this study, we investigated the impact of contrasting sea ice cover on microbial community compositions in surface sediments from five stations along the eastern shelf of the AP using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. Redox conditions in sediments with long ice-free periods are characterized by a prevailing ferruginous zone, whereas a comparatively broad upper oxic zone is present at the heavily ice-covered station.

Miles down for lunch: deep-sea observations of Arctic finned octopods suggest pelagic-benthic feeding migration.

Deep-sea cephalopods are diverse, abundant, and poorly understood. The Cirrata are gelatinous finned octopods and among the deepest-living cephalopods ever recorded. Their natural feeding behaviour remains undocumented.

Uniquely low stable iron isotopic signatures in deep marine sediments caused by Rayleigh distillation.

Dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) is suggested to be one of the earliest forms of microbial respiration. It plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of iron in modern and ancient sediments. Since microbial iron cycling is typically accompanied by iron isotope fractionation, stable iron isotopes are used as tracer for biological activity.