Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries.

This planetary boundaries framework update finds that six of the nine boundaries are transgressed, suggesting that Earth is now well outside of the safe operating space for humanity. Ocean acidification is close to being breached, while aerosol loading regionally exceeds the boundary. Stratospheric ozone levels have slightly recovered.

PlasPi TDM: Augmentation of a low-cost camera platform for advanced underwater physical-ecological observations.

Marine ecosystem dynamics in the context of climate change is a growing scientific, political and social concern requiring regular monitoring through appropriate observational technologies and studies. Thus, a wide range of tools comprising chemical, biogeochemical, physical, and biological sensors, as well as other platforms exists for marine monitoring. However, their high acquisition and maintenance costs are often a major obstacle, especially in low-income developing countries.

Earthquake-enhanced dissolved carbon cycles in ultra-deep ocean sediments.

Hadal trenches are unique geological and ecological systems located along subduction zones. Earthquake-triggered turbidites act as efficient transport pathways of organic carbon (OC), yet remineralization and transformation of OC in these systems are not comprehensively understood. Here we measure concentrations and stable- and radiocarbon isotope signatures of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC, DIC) in the subsurface sediment interstitial water along the Japan Trench axis collected during the IODP Expedition 386.

Fast and destructive density currents created by ocean-entering volcanic eruptions.

Volcanic eruptions on land create hot and fast pyroclastic density currents, triggering tsunamis or surges that travel over water where they reach the ocean. However, no field study has documented what happens when large volumes of erupted volcanic material are instead delivered directly into the ocean. We show how the rapid emplacement of large volumes of erupted material onto steep submerged slopes triggered extremely fast (122 kilometers per hour) and long-runout (>100 kilometers) seafloor currents.

Simultaneous warming and acidification limit population fitness and reveal phenotype costs for a marine copepod.

Phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary adaptation allow populations to cope with global change, but limits and costs to adaptation under multiple stressors are insufficiently understood. We reared a foundational copepod species, , under ambient (AM), ocean warming (OW), ocean acidification (OA), and combined ocean warming and acidification (OWA) conditions for 11 generations (approx. 1 year) and measured population fitness (net reproductive rate) derived from six life-history traits (egg production, hatching success, survival, development time, body size and sex ratio).

Bioprospecting for polyesterase activity relevant for PET degradation in marine Enterobacterales isolates.

Plastics have quickly become an integral part of modern life. Due to excessive production and improper waste disposal, they are recognized as contaminants present in practically all habitat types. Although there are several polymers, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is of particular concern due to its abundance in the environment.

The founding charter of the Omic Biodiversity Observation Network (Omic BON).

Omic BON is a thematic Biodiversity Observation Network under the Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON), focused on coordinating the observation of biomolecules in organisms and the environment. Our founding partners include representatives from national, regional, and global observing systems; standards organizations; and data and sample management infrastructures. By coordinating observing strategies, methods, and data flows, Omic BON will facilitate the co-creation of a global omics meta-observatory to generate actionable knowledge.

Population genetic differentiation of the ubiquitous brooding coral Pocillopora acuta along Phuket Island reefs in the Andaman Sea, Thailand.

Background: The widespread Indo-Pacific coral species Pocillopora acuta Lamarck, 1816 displays varying levels of asexual versus sexual reproduction, with strong repercussions on genetic diversity, connectivity and genetic structuring within and among populations. For many geographic regions, baseline information on genetic diversity is still lacking, particularly in the Andaman Sea. The region suffered a massive heat-induced bleaching event in 2010 with high coral cover loss of branching coral species such as P.

Persistent equatorial Pacific iron limitation under ENSO forcing.

Projected responses of ocean net primary productivity to climate change are highly uncertain. Models suggest that the climate sensitivity of phytoplankton nutrient limitation in the low-latitude Pacific Ocean plays a crucial role, but this is poorly constrained by observations. Here we show that changes in physical forcing drove coherent fluctuations in the strength of equatorial Pacific iron limitation through multiple El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles, but that this was overestimated twofold by a state-of-the-art climate model.

Calcimimetic AMG-416 induced short-term changes in calcium concentrations and calcium isotope ratios in rats.

Calcium (Ca) isotopes (δCa) in serum and urine have been suggested as novel sensitive markers of bone calcification. The response of δCa to acute changes in Ca homeostasis, has not yet been demonstrated. We measured serum Ca and δCa in rats maintained on a standard and a 50% Ca reduced diet for 4 weeks, and after injection of 1 mg/kg of the calcimimetic AMG-416, 24 h prior to sacrifice.

Filtration and respiration responses of mussels () to trematode parasite infections () and transient heat exposure.

The mussel , a host to various trematode species, experiences performance decrements due to these infections. Yet, the impact magnitude and potential interactions with environmental stressors remain largely unexplored. This study scrutinizes the effect of infections on mussel filtration and respiration.

Long-term organic carbon preservation enhanced by iron and manganese.

The balance between degradation and preservation of sedimentary organic carbon (OC) is important for global carbon and oxygen cycles. The relative importance of different mechanisms and environmental conditions contributing to marine sedimentary OC preservation, however, remains unclear. Simple organic molecules can be geopolymerized into recalcitrant forms by means of the Maillard reaction, although reaction kinetics at marine sedimentary temperatures are thought to be slow.

Decadal changes in Atlantic overturning due to the excessive 1990s Labrador Sea convection.

Changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) represent a crucial component of Northern Hemisphere climate variability. In modelling studies decadal overturning variability has been attributed to the intensity of deep winter convection in the Labrador Sea. This linkage is challenged by transport observations at sections across the subpolar gyre.

Metabolic Regulation of Copper Toxicity during Marine Mussel Embryogenesis.

The development of new tools for assessing the health of cultured shellfish larvae is crucial for aquaculture industries to develop and refine hatchery methodologies. We established a large-volume ecotoxicology/health stressor trial, exposing mussel () embryos to copper in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). GC/MS-based metabolomics was applied to identify potential biomarkers for monitoring embryonic/larval health and to characterise mechanisms of metal toxicity.

Effects of phytoplankton physiology on global ocean biogeochemistry and climate.

The similarity of the average ratios of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in marine dissolved inorganic and particulate organic matter, dN:P and pN:P, respectively, indicates tight links between those pools in the world ocean. Here, we analyze this linkage by varying phytoplankton N and P subsistence quotas in an optimality-based ecosystem model coupled to an Earth system model. The analysis of our ensemble of simulations discloses various feedbacks between changes in the N and P quotas, N fixation, and denitrification that weaken the often-hypothesized tight coupling between dN:P and pN:P.

Evidence of hybridization between genetically distinct Baltic cod stocks during peak population abundance(s).

Range expansions can lead to increased contact of divergent populations, thus increasing the potential of hybridization events. Whether viable hybrids are produced will most likely depend on the level of genomic divergence and associated genomic incompatibilities between the different entities as well as environmental conditions. By taking advantage of historical Baltic cod () otolith samples combined with genotyping and whole genome sequencing, we here investigate the genetic impact of the increased spawning stock biomass of the eastern Baltic cod stock in the mid 1980s.

Multiyear analysis uncovers coordinated seasonality in stocks and composition of the planktonic food web in the Baltic Sea proper.

The planktonic realm from bacteria to zooplankton provides the baseline for pelagic aquatic food webs. However, multiple trophic levels are seldomly included in time series studies, hampering a holistic understanding of the influence of seasonal dynamics and species interactions on food web structure and biogeochemical cycles. Here, we investigated plankton community composition, focusing on bacterio-, phyto- and large mesozooplankton, and how biotic and abiotic factors correlate at the Linnaeus Microbial Observatory (LMO) station in the Baltic Sea from 2011 to 2018.

Taxonomic diversity of microbial communities in sub-seafloor hydrothermal sediments of the active Santorini-Kolumbo volcanic field.

Introduction: Active hydrothermal vents of volcanic origin provide a remarkable manifestation of life on Earth under extreme conditions, which may have consequences for our understanding of habitability on other terrestrial bodies as well.

Methods: Here, we performed for the first time Illumina sequencing of bacterial and archaeal communities on sub-seafloor samples collected from the Santorini-Kolumbo volcanic field. A total of 19 (3-m long) gravity corers were collected and processed for microbial community analysis.

A metabologenomics approach to unlock the metabolome of the novel Antarctic deep-sea isolate sp. nov. WUR7.

The South Shetland Trough, Antarctica, is an underexplored region for microbiological and biotechnological exploitation. Herein, we describe the isolation and characterization of the novel bacterium sp. nov.

Overlooked riverine contributions of dissolved neodymium and hafnium to the Amazon estuary and oceans.

The Amazon River accounts for 20% of global freshwater runoff and supplies vital trace metals to the Atlantic Ocean. Suspended particles within its plume are thought to partially dissolve, constituting a large potential source of metals, which is, however, not well constrained. Here we used combined neodymium (Nd) and hafnium (Hf) isotopes to disprove the release of Nd and Hf from particles as the cause of the observed dissolved concentration increases and isotopic variability across the plume.

Polymeric carbohydrates utilization separates microbiomes into niches: insights into the diversity of microbial carbohydrate-active enzymes in the inner shelf of the Pearl River Estuary, China.

Polymeric carbohydrates are abundant and their recycling by microbes is a key process of the ocean carbon cycle. A deeper analysis of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) can offer a window into the mechanisms of microbial communities to degrade carbohydrates in the ocean. In this study, metagenomic genes encoding microbial CAZymes and sugar transporter systems were predicted to assess the microbial glycan niches and functional potentials of glycan utilization in the inner shelf of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE).

Evidence for compositionally distinct upper mantle plumelets since the early history of the Tristan-Gough hotspot.

Recent studies indicate that mantle plumes, which transfer material and heat from the earth's interior to its surface, represent multifaceted upwellings. The Tristan-Gough hotspot track (South Atlantic), which formed above a mantle plume, documents spatial geochemical zonation in two distinct sub-tracks since ~70 Ma. The origin and the sudden appearance of two distinct geochemical flavors is enigmatic, but could provide insights into the structural evolution of mantle plumes.