Phylogenetic diversity and morphological characterization of cordycipitaceous species in Taiwan.

Species classified in () include multiple entomopathogenic fungi. Numerous changes have recently occurred in the nomenclature of cordycipitaceous fungi due to the single naming system proposed for pleomorphic fungi in 2011. Species of are widely applied as herbal medicines, especially in Asian cultures.

Hermansones A and B: Bioactive naphthazarin congeners from the European crust fungus Hermanssonia centrifuga.

Two previously undescribed naphthazarins named hermansones A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the wood-decaying basidiomycete Hermanssonia centrifuga. The study presents the first report of natural products from the species. The structures of the secondary metabolites were elucidated through NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Acremochlorin S and other prenylated chlorophenol antimicrobial metabolites from the fungus Acremonium sp. Strain MNA-F-1.

Chemical prospection for the mycelial extract of the fungus Acremonium sp. Strain MNA-F-1, derived from the inner tissue of anise roots (Pimpnella anisum L., family Apiaceae), led to the isolation and characterization of one previously undescribed natural product, acremochlorin S (1), together with five related derivatives (2-6) and an alkaloidal metabolite, ilicicolin H (7).

p-Terphenyl and Orsellinic Acid Derivatives from the European Polyporales Terana coerulea and Sparassis brevipes.

Investigation of the secondary metabolites of the solid-state rice cultures from the European basidiomycetes Terana coerulea and Sparassis brevipes afforded three previously undescribed secondary metabolites identified as two p-terphenyl derivatives (1 and 2) and one orsellinic acid congener (3) in addition to another known, isoeverninic acid (4). Chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated through comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, coupled with HR-MS and other spectral methods. The isolated compounds were assessed for their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities.

Bifunctional Sesquiterpene/Diterpene Synthase Agr2 from Gives Rise to the Novel Diterpene Cyclocybene.

is a model mushroom belonging to the fungal phylum Basidiomycota. Among others, is known for its diverse terpenome, containing various volatile and nonvolatile terpenes and terpenoids. Here, we deepen the knowledge on their biosynthetic pathways by studying the terpene synthase Agr2 in detail.

Integrative taxonomy of Metarhizium anisopliae species complex, based on phylogenomics combined with morphometrics, metabolomics, and virulence data.

Metarhizium anisopliae (Clavicipitaceae, Hypocreales) is a globally distributed entomopathogenic fungus, which has been largely studied and used in agriculture for its potent entomopathogenicity. Since its taxonomic establishment as a member of Metarhizium, many closely related taxa have been described with highly similar morphology (cryptic species). A holotype specimen of M.

Bioactive Bioxanthracene and Cyclodepsipeptides from the Entomopathogenic Fungus BCC56290.

In the course of our ongoing research targeting the identification of potential biocontrol agents from entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), we explored a solid-state rice fungal extract of BCC56290 derived from infected lepidopteran larvae. Chemical and biological prospections afforded four unprecedentedly reported natural products differentiated into a dimeric naphthopyran bioxanthracene ES-242 derivative () and three cyclodepsipeptides (-) in addition to two known cyclodepsipeptides, cardinalisamides B () and C (). Chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated through comprehensive 1D/2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS data together with comparisons to the reported literature.

Protoilludene and Alkenoic Acid Derivatives from the European Polypore .

Chemical investigation of the solid-state rice culture of the endangered European polypore (Hymenochaetaceae) afforded a previously undescribed protoilludene derivative () in addition to six known compounds (-). Chemical structures of the isolated compounds were established based on HR-ESI-MS, comprehensive 1D/2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, and comparisons with the literature. All isolated compounds were assessed for their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities.

Comparative Study of Toxic Terpenoidal Aldehydes and Lactone Derivatives from the European Polypore .

Two unprecedented isomeric secondary metabolites named vibralactones Z () and Z (), in addition to eleven known compounds (-), were isolated from solid-state rice culture medium of (Bondarzewiaceae). Chemical structures of the isolated compounds were established via spectral analyses. The new lactone derivatives were weakly active against without any significant cytotoxicity, while the molecules containing an aldehyde functionality showed significant antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects.

Discovery of novel secondary metabolites from the basidiomycete Lentinus cf. sajor-caju and their inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.

Three novel derivatives of microporenic acid, microporenic acids H-J, were identified from submerged cultures of a Lentinus species obtained from a basidiome collected during a field trip in the tropical rainforest in Western Kenya. Their structures were elucidated via HR-ESIMS spectra and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, as well as by comparison with known derivatives. Applying biofilm assays based on crystal violet staining and confocal microscopy, two of these compounds, microporenic acids H and I, demonstrated the ability to inhibit biofilm formation of the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus.

Omnipolyphilins A and B: Chlorinated Cyclotetrapeptides and Naphtho-α-pyranones from the Plant Nematode-Derived Fungus .

Chemical exploration for two isolates of the recently described ascomycete species , derived from the eggs of the plant parasitic nematode , afforded the identification of many compounds that belong to various metabolite families: two previously undescribed chlorinated cyclotetrapeptides, omnipolyphilins A () and B (), one new pyranonaphthoquinone, ventiloquinone P (), a 6,6'-binaphto-α-pyranone dimer, talaroderxine D () in addition to nine known metabolites (-) were isolated from this biocontrol candidate. All isolated compounds were characterized by comprehensive 1D, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS analyses. The absolute configurations of the cyclotetrapeptides were determined by a combination of advanced Marfey's method, ROE correlation aided by conformational analysis, and TDDFT-ECD calculations, while ECD calculations, Mosher's method, and experimental ECD spectra were used for ventiloquinone P () and talaroderxine D ().

Metagenomic insight to apprehend the fungal communities associated with leaf blight of Welsh onion in Taiwan.

Plants are associated with a large diversity of microbes, and these complex plant-associated microbial communities are critical for plant health. Welsh onion ( L.) is one of the key and oldest vegetable crops cultivated in Taiwan.

Lachnuoic Acids A-F: Ambuic Acid Congeners from a Saprotrophic Lachnum Species.

Chemical prospection of an extract derived from a saprotrophic fungus Lachnum sp. IW157 resulted in the isolation and characterization of six unprecedentedly reported ambuic acid analogues named lachnuoic acids A-F (1-6). Chemical structures of 1-6 were determined based on comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses together with HR-ESI-MS spectrometry.

Hidden diversity of and (Amphisphaeriales, Sporocadaceae) species allied with the stromata of entomopathogenic fungi in Taiwan.

, commonly referred to as pestalotiopsis-like fungi, exhibit a broad distribution and are frequently found as endophytes, saprobes and pathogens across various plant hosts. The taxa within pestalotiopsis-like fungi are classified into three genera viz. , and , based on the conidial colour of their median cells and multi-locus molecular phylogenies.

Bioprospection of Tenellins Produced by the Entomopathogenic Fungus .

Fungi are known as prolific producers of bioactive secondary metabolites with applications across various fields, including infectious diseases, as well as in biological control. However, some of the well-known species are still underexplored. Our current study evaluated the production of secondary metabolites by the entomopathogenic fungus from Thailand.

Diaporphasines E and F: New Polyketides from the Saprotrophic Fungus sp. IW157 Growing on the Reed Grass .

Chemical investigation for the mycelial extract of a saprotrophic fungus sp. IW157 growing on the common reed grass afforded the identification of two polyketide metabolites diaporphasines E () and F (). Chemical structures of isolated compounds were unambiguously elucidated based on extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectral analyses in addition to their high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Neurite Outgrowth-Inducing Drimane-Type Sesquiterpenoids Isolated from Cultures of the Polypore MUCL 56355.

Abundisporin A (), together with seven previously undescribed drimane sesquiterpenes named abundisporins B-H (-), were isolated from a polypore, MUCL 56355 (Polyporaceae), collected in Kenya. Chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on exhaustive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic measurements and supported by HRESIMS data. The absolute configurations of the isolated compounds were determined by using Mosher's method for - and TDDFT-ECD calculations for and -.

Two new lanostanoid glycosides isolated from a Kenyan polypore .

Chemical exploration of solid-state cultures of the polypore afforded two new C31 lanostane-type triterpenoid glycosides, forpiniosides B () and C () together with two known derivatives, namely 3-epipachymic acid () and (3α,25)-3--malonyl-23-oxolanost-8,24(31)-dien-26-oic acid (). The structures of the isolated compounds were established based on HRESIMS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments. All the isolated compounds were assessed for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.

Hericioic Acids and Hericiofuranoic Acid; Neurotrophic Agents from Cultures of the European Mushroom .

Neurodegenerative diseases are currently posing huge social, economic, and healthcare burdens among the aged populations worldwide with few and only palliative treatment alternatives available. Natural products continue to be a source of a vast array of potent neurotrophic molecules that could be considered as drug design starting points. The present study reports eight new isoindolinone and benzofuranone derivatives, for which we propose the trivial names, hericioic acids (-) and hericiofuranoic acid (), which were isolated from a solid culture (using rice as substrate) of the rare European edible mushroom .

Lasiodipline G and other diketopiperazine metabolites produced by .

fungi are known to colonize plants as both pathogens and/or endophytes; hence, they can be exploited for their beneficial roles. Many compound classes from the genus have exhibited their potential biotechnological applications. Herein, we report two new metabolites 1 and 2 together with three known cyclo-(D-Ala-D-Trp) (3), indole-3-carboxylic acid (4) and a cyclic pentapeptide clavatustide B (5), isolated from the submerged cultures of a recently described species .

Studies on the Genus (Hypoxylaceae) in Thailand Using a Polyphasic Taxonomic Approach.

Over the past two decades, hypoxylaceous specimens were collected from several sites in Thailand. In this study, we examined their affinity to the genus using macroscopic and microscopic morphological characters, dereplication of their stromatal secondary metabolites using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and ion mobility tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-IM-MS/MS), and molecular phylogenetic analyses. We describe and illustrate five novel species and a new record for the country, present multi-locus phylogenetic analyses that show the distinction between the proposed species, and provide proteomic profiles of the fungi using matrix associated laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) for the first time.

Calamene-Type Sesqui-, Mero-, and Bis-sesquiterpenoids from Cultures of sp., a Basidiomycete Collected in Africa.

New meroterpenoids bis-heimiomycins A-D (-) and heimiomycins D and E ( and ) were isolated from solid rice cultures of sp., while new calamene-type sesquiterpenoids heimiocalamene A () and B () were isolated from shake cultures, respectively. Structures of the metabolites were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR in addition to HRESIMS data.

Multiformin-Type Azaphilones Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Binding to ACE2 Receptor.

Protein microarray screenings identified fungal natural products from the azaphilone family as potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to host ACE2 receptors. Cohaerin F, as the most potent substance from the cohaerin group, led to more than 50% less binding of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. A survey for structurally related azaphilones yielded the structure elucidation of six new multiformins E-J (-) and the revision of the stereochemistry of the multiformins.

Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Cyathane-Xylosides from Cultures of the Basidiomycete .

In our continued search for biologically active metabolites from cultures of rare Basidiomycota species, we found eight previously undescribed cyathane-xylosides from submerged cultures of , which were named dentifragilins A-H. In addition, the known cyathane derivatives striatal D and laxitextine A were isolated. All compounds were characterized by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS) as well as by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.