Diabetes in Menopause: Risks and Management.

The aim of this review is to present, critically appraise and qualitatively synthesize current evidence on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development during menopause, the management of climacteric symptoms in women with T2DM and the management of T2DM in postmenopausal women. Menopause represents the end of reproductive life in women, as a result of ovarian aging. It is characterized by substantial decrease in the endogenous oestrogen concentrations and it is accompanied by alterations in body weight, adipose tissue distribution and energy expenditure, as well as insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and activity that can predispose to the development of T2DM, independently of, and additively to, aging.

Hand Hematoma After Cardiac Catheterization Via Distal Radial Artery.

This is the first reported case of severe hand hematoma after cardiac catheterization through the distal radial artery, with the hematoma extending distally to the sheath insertion site. The distribution of the hematoma in our case is completely different compared to the hematomas observed after traditional radial catheterization, which used to extend to the forearm. Therefore, the traditional EASY classification may not apply to hematomas after catheterization through the distal radial artery.

A Rare Case of Localised Isolated Penile Fournier's Gangrene and a Short Review of the Literature.

Penile Fournier's gangrene (FG) is very rare clinical entity, which is also known as penile necrotizing fasciitis or wet gangrene of the penis. It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and in the majority of the described cases it affects not only penis but also the adjacent organs and tissues (e.g.

Hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Targets and management.

Two-thirds of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have arterial hypertension. Hypertension increases the incidence of both micro- and macrovascular complications in these patients, while the co-existence of these two major risk factors leads to a four-fold increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with normotensive non-diabetic controls. The aim of this article is to comprehensively review the literature and present updated information on targets for blood pressure (BP) and on the management of hypertension in patients with T2DM.

Favorable Effect of Anti-TNF Therapy on Insulin Sensitivity in Nonobese, Nondiabetic Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of anti-TNF therapy on glucose and lipid metabolism in nondiabetic, nonobese patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Patients And Methods: We studied 44 patients with IBD, without a known history of diabetes. Three of the patients were diagnosed with overt diabetes and were excluded.

Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy-Like Maculopathy as Atypical Presentation of Chorioretinal Folds.

Purpose: The purpose of this case report was to present the clinical data and management of a 69-year-old female patient with chorioretinal folds who developed chronic central serous chorioretinopathy-like maculopathy.

Case Presentation: A 69-year-old female patient presented with a recent-onset slight decrease in visual acuity in her left eye. Her past ocular history was clear.

Efficacy of anti-osteoporotic medications in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.

Purpose: Both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been associated with bone fragility and increased fracture risk. However, little is known regarding the effect of anti-osteoporotic treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) and/or fracture risk in these patients. We aimed to systematically investigate the efficacy of anti-osteoporotic medications in patients with diabetes in comparison with non-diabetic subjects.

Diagnosis, management, histology and genetics of sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism: old knowledge with new tricks.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is a common endocrinopathy resulting from inappropriately high PTH secretion. It usually results from the presence of a single gland adenoma, multiple gland hyperplasia or rarely parathyroid carcinoma. All these conditions require different management, and it is important to be able to differentiate the underlined pathology, in order for the clinicians to provide the best therapeutic approach.

Nontraumatic Acute Elevation of Pancreatic Enzymes following Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Rare Complication.

Herein, we report the case of a 48-year-old female who developed nontraumatic acute pancreatitis following left supracostal Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy. Three hours postoperatively, the patient developed fever with signs and symptoms consistent with hydrothorax, which was confirmed radiologically and was managed conservatively. The following days, the patient developed manifestations of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome with epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting.

The Reverse T-Stenting and Small Protrusion Technique: A Novel Technique for Coronary Bifurcation Lesions.

Bifurcation lesions may be encountered in approximately 15%-20% of percutaneous coronary interventions. A 2-stent approach is required in up to 30% of these procedures. We describe a novel technique based on a modification of TAP stenting, suitable for procedures where a 2-stent strategy is predetermined.

Cardiac tamponade in a patient with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2.

Unlabelled: We describe a case of a 40-year-old woman who was admitted to the intensive care unit with a rapid onset of dyspnea and orthopnea. She presented progressive weakness, weight loss and secondary amenorrhea during last year, while intermittent fever was present for the last two months. Initial biochemical evaluation showed anemia, hyponatremia and increased C-reactive protein levels.

Type 2 Diabetes and Osteoporosis: A Guide to Optimal Management.

Context: Both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and osteoporosis are affected by aging and quite often coexist. Furthermore, the fracture risk in patients with T2D is increased. The aim of this article is to review updated information on osteoporosis and fracture risk in patients with T2D, to discuss the effects of diabetes treatment on bone metabolism, as well as the effect of antiosteoporotic medications on the incidence and control of T2D, and to provide a personalized guide to the optimal management.

Advanced glycation end products interfere in luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone signaling in human granulosa KGN cells.

Advanced glycation end products accumulate in the ovarian granulosa-cell layer of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Taken that the MAPK/ERK-pathway is a key regulator of oocyte maturation and function, consisting the main pathway used by the gonadotrophic hormones (luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone) to control ovulation, the present study aims to assess advanced glycation end products' interference into luteinizing hormone-and follicle stimulating hormone-signaling via the MAPK/ERK-pathway in the human granulosa KGN cell line. KGN cells were treated with luteinizing hormone or follicle stimulating hormone in the absence or presence of human glycated albumin.

"Ping-pong" technique for treating a balloon uncrossable chronic total occlusion.

Balloon uncrossable lesions are a well-known challenge during chronic total occlusion (CTO) interventions. The technique of using two different catheters into the same coronary artery, the so-called "ping-pong" technique, is a technique described for treating complications during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), like perforations or rotational atherectomy burr entrapment. We describe a case where the "ping-pong" technique was successfully used to facilitate treatment of a balloon uncrossable CTO lesion.

Full-thickness macular hole formation following anti-VEGF injections for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: Macular hole (MH) is part of a group of age-related degenerative diseases characterized by pathology of vitreomacular interface. Similarly, neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) affects older patients and is a leading cause of irreversible visual loss. The purpose of this case series is to describe the development of full-thickness MH in patients with nAMD, following antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment.

Radial artery occlusion after transradial coronary catheterization.

The transradial approach (TRA) for coronary angiography and interventions is increasingly utilized around the world. Radial artery occlusion (RAO) is the most common significant complication after transradial catheterization, with incidence varying between 1% and 10%. Although RAO is rarely accompanied by hand ischemia, it is an important complication because it prohibits future transradial access and radial artery utilization as a conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting or arteriovenous fistula formation.

Current evidence on vitamin D deficiency and kidney transplant: What's new?

Kidney transplant is the treatment of choice for end-stage chronic kidney disease. Kidneys generate 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) from 25-hydroxyvitamin D (calcidiol) for circulation in the blood to regulate calcium levels. Transplant patients with low calcidiol levels have an increased risk of metabolic and endocrine problems, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, poor graft survival, bone disorders, cancer, and mortality rate.

Young adult patient with headache, fever and blurred vision.

Background And Importance: This case highlights the fact that acute pituitary apoplexy may be misdiagnosed due to being confused with other entities exhibiting similar symptoms, such as meningitis or subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Clinical Presentation: A patient in his late 30s presented with sudden and severe frontal headache, fever, blurred vision, nausea, confusion, as well as oculomotor palsy (CN III) with partial ptosis of the left eyelid, dilated left pupil and left eye globe deviation inferiorly and laterally. The final diagnosis was acute pituitary apoplexy complicating a pituitary macroadenoma.

Undilatable Stent Neoatherosclerosis Treated with Ad Hoc Rotational Atherectomy.

A middle age woman with known ischemic heart disease and old stents in proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was admitted to Coronary Care Unit with acute coronary syndrome. The coronary angiography showed one vessel disease with significant restenosis within the previously implanted stents. The lesion was tough and remained undilatable despite high pressure balloon inflation.