Clinical Work-Integrating Care in Current Practice: A Scoping Review.

Purpose: Clinical work-integrating care (CWIC) refers to paying attention to work participation in a clinical setting. Working patients may benefit from CWIC. The purpose of this study is to explore the extent and nature to which medical specialists provide CWIC and what policies and guidelines oblige or recommend specialists to do.

Patients' Experiences, Needs, and Expectations of Cooperation Between Medical Specialists and Occupational Health Physicians: A Qualitative Study.

Objective: Cooperation between clinical and occupational health care practitioners is a key aspect of clinical work-integrating care. This study aimed to gain insight into patients' experiences, needs, and expectations regarding cooperation between medical specialists and occupational health physicians.

Methods: A thematic qualitative study was conducted involving a total of 33 participants in eight online focus groups.

Development of a core set of gait features and their potential underlying impairments to assist gait data interpretation in children with cerebral palsy.

Background: The interpretation of clinical gait data in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is time-consuming, requires extensive expertise and often lacks transparency. Here we aimed to develop a set of look-up tables to support this process, linking typical gait features as present in CP to their potential underlying impairments.

Methods: We developed an initial core set of gait features and their potential underlying impairments based on biomechanical reasoning, literature and clinical experience.

Self-regulation as rehabilitation outcome: what is important according to former patients?

Purpose: Self-regulation refers to self-management and self-control, with or without disability. Outcomes of rehabilitation with respect to self-regulation are unclear. This study aims to identify elements of self-regulation that former patients consider important in the context of medical rehabilitation.

Illness perceptions as an independent predictor of chronic low back pain and pain-related disability: a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To investigate whether illness perceptions, measured with the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, are an independent predictor of chronic low back pain and pain-related disability at 12 weeks.

Design: A prospective, observational cohort study.

Setting: 26 outpatient primary care physiotherapy practices throughout the Netherlands.

Faecal Microbiota in Patients with Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction and Spinal Cord Injury or Multiple Sclerosis-A Systematic Review.

Background: Neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) frequently occurs in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and multiple sclerosis (MS) with comparable symptoms and is often difficult to treat. It has been suggested the gut microbiota might influence the course of NBD. We systematically reviewed the literature on the composition of the gut microbiota in SCI and MS, and the possible role of neurogenic bowel function, diet and antibiotic use.

Correction: Experienced sitting-related problems and association with personal, lesion and wheelchair characteristics in persons with long-standing paraplegia and tetraplegia.

A correction to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Experienced sitting-related problems and association with personal, lesion and wheelchair characteristics in persons with long-standing paraplegia and tetraplegia.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To describe experienced sitting-related health and stability problems among persons with paraplegia (PP) or tetraplegia (TP) and to investigate associations with personal, lesion and wheelchair characteristics as well as satisfaction with sitting posture.

Setting: Dutch community.

Determinants of physical activity in wheelchair users with spinal cord injury or lower limb amputation: perspectives of rehabilitation professionals and wheelchair users.

To gain insight into determinants of physical activity in wheelchair users with spinal cord injury or lower limb amputation, from the perspective of both wheelchair users and rehabilitation professionals. Seven focus groups were conducted: five with wheelchair users ( = 25) and two with rehabilitation professionals ( = 11). The transcripts were analysed using a sequential coding strategy, in which the reported determinants of physical activity were categorized using the Physical Activity for people with a Disability (PAD) model.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and physical strain during prosthetic rehabilitation after lower limb amputation.

Background: Sufficient cardiorespiratory fitness has been regarded a prerequisite for prosthetic walking. In order to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, adequate strain ought to be placed on the system during training.

Objectives: To determine cardiorespiratory fitness at the start and end of inpatient rehabilitation after lower limb amputation and determine the physical strain experienced during conventional prosthetic rehabilitation.

Does implicit motor learning lead to greater automatization of motor skills compared to explicit motor learning? A systematic review.

Background: Implicit motor learning is considered to be particularly effective for learning sports-related motor skills. It should foster movement automaticity and thereby facilitate performance in multitasking and high-pressure environments. To scrutinize this hypothesis, we systematically reviewed all studies that compared the degree of automatization achieved (as indicated by dual-task performance) after implicit compared to explicit interventions for sports-related motor tasks.

Are the effects of internal focus instructions different from external focus instructions given during balance training in stroke patients? A double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Objective:: This study aimed to assess if external focus instructions result in greater improvements in motor skill and automaticity compared to internal focus instructions in stroke patients.

Design:: Double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Setting:: Inpatient stroke rehabilitation unit.

Functional independence of persons with long-standing motor complete spinal cord injury in the Netherlands.

Since life expectancy of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) has improved, it is relevant to know whether this group is able to maintain functional abilities many years after onset of SCI. Objectives of this study were (1) to examine associations between time since injury (TSI) and functional independence in persons with long-standing SCI and (2) to explore associations between functional independence and level of injury, comorbidities, mental health, waist circumference and secondary health conditions (SHCs). TSI-stratified cross-sectional study.

Over-focused? The relation between patients' inclination for conscious control and single- and dual-task motor performance after stroke.

Background: Many stroke patients are inclined to consciously control their movements. This is thought to negatively affect patients' motor performance, as it disrupts movement automaticity. However, it has also been argued that conscious control may sometimes benefit motor performance, depending on the task or patientś motor or cognitive capacity.

How physical therapists instruct patients with stroke: an observational study on attentional focus during gait rehabilitation after stroke.

Purpose: People without neurological impairments show superior motor learning when they focus on movement effects (external focus) rather than on movement execution itself (internal focus). Despite its potential for neurorehabilitation, it remains unclear to what extent external focus strategies are currently incorporated in rehabilitation post-stroke. Therefore, we observed how physical therapists use attentional focus when treating gait of rehabilitating patients with stroke.

Return to work after mild-to-moderate stroke: work satisfaction and predictive factors.

A large proportion of stroke patients are unable to return to work (RTW), although figures vary greatly. A total of 121 mild-to-moderate stroke patients, who had a paid job at the time of their stroke were included (a) to quantify RTW and work satisfaction one-year post-stroke (using the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation) and (b) to determine factors predicting RTW post-stroke, based on stroke-related, personal and neuropsychological variables. Half of the patients were not in work (28%) or were working less (22%) than pre-stroke.

Training rehabilitation teams in sexual health care: A description and evaluation of a multidisciplinary intervention.

Background: Sexual health problems are more prevalent among people with a chronic illness or physical disability than among the general population. Although sexual health care in the rehabilitation setting in the Netherlands is a growing field of interest, integrating sexual health in the overall care for rehabilitation patients has proven to be a challenge.

Methods: This article describes a training designed for rehabilitation professionals working in operational multidisciplinary teams.

Is Implicit Motor Learning Preserved after Stroke? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Many stroke patients experience difficulty with performing dual-tasks. A promising intervention to target this issue is implicit motor learning, as it should enhance patients' automaticity of movement. Yet, although it is often thought that implicit motor learning is preserved post-stroke, evidence for this claim has not been systematically analysed yet.

Focus of Attention in Children's Motor Learning: Examining the Role of Age and Working Memory.

The authors investigated the relative effectiveness of different attentional focus instructions on motor learning in primary school children. In addition, we explored whether the effect of attentional focus on motor learning was influenced by children's age and verbal working memory capacity. Novice 8-9-year old children (n = 30) and 11-12-year-old children (n = 30) practiced a golf putting task.

Service provision for children and young people with acquired brain injury: Practice recommendations.

Background: Providing appropriate rehabilitation services for Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) in childhood presents a number of challenges for caregivers, health and education professionals and the young person as they develop.

Primary Objective: To record the challenges and possible creative solutions generated by an international group of professionals to address the needs of children with ABI. Review of information: Recommendations were generated from children's special interest group meetings of the International Brain Injury Association (Turin, Italy, 2001; Stockholm, Sweden, 2003; Melbourne, Australia, 2005; Lisbon, Portugal, 2008) and through meetings of the International Paediatric Brain Injury Society (IPBIS), formed in 2009.

Effects of four-month handbike training under free-living conditions on physical fitness and health in wheelchair users.

Purpose: Recognizing the encouraging effect of challenging events, the HandbikeBattle (HBB) was created to promote exercise among wheelchair users. The purpose of this study was to reveal the effects on physical fitness and health outcomes of four-month handbike training under free-living conditions in preparation for the event.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 59 relatively inexperienced handyclists participated in the HBB of 2013 or 2014.

The inclination for conscious motor control after stroke: validating the Movement-Specific Reinvestment Scale for use in inpatient stroke patients.

Purpose: Stroke survivors are inclined to consciously control their movements, a phenomenon termed "reinvestment". Preliminary evidence suggests reinvestment to impair patients' motor recovery. To investigate this hypothesis, an instrument is needed that can reliably assess reinvestment post-stroke.

Stay Focused! The Effects of Internal and External Focus of Attention on Movement Automaticity in Patients with Stroke.

Dual-task performance is often impaired after stroke. This may be resolved by enhancing patients' automaticity of movement. This study sets out to test the constrained action hypothesis, which holds that automaticity of movement is enhanced by triggering an external focus (on movement effects), rather than an internal focus (on movement execution).

Evaluation of the implementation of the protocol of an early vocational rehabilitation intervention for people with acquired brain injury.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate (1) the feasibility of an early vocational rehabilitation (EVR) protocol in the standard rehabilitation process, (2) promoting factors and barriers encountered with the EVR protocol, and (3) perceived effectiveness of the protocol in facilitating return to work (RTW) following acquired brain injury (ABI).

Method: A pre- and post-process evaluation was performed in a Dutch rehabilitation center. Dependent variables were feasibility (defined by the usability on process level and fulfillment of usability expectations), promoting factors and barriers, and perceived effectiveness of the protocol.

Steps to take to enhance gait stability: the effect of stride frequency, stride length, and walking speed on local dynamic stability and margins of stability.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether adaptations of stride length, stride frequency, and walking speed, independently influence local dynamic stability and the size of the medio-lateral and backward margins of stability during walking. Nine healthy subjects walked 25 trials on a treadmill at different combinations of stride frequency, stride length, and consequently at different walking speeds. Visual feedback about the required and the actual combination of stride frequency and stride length was given during the trials.