Advance Directives in the Nursing Home Setting: An Initiative to Increase Completion and Reduce Potentially Avoidable Hospitalizations.

Advance directive (AD) completion can improve transitions between hospitals and skilled nursing facilities (SNF's). One Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Innovations Demonstration Project, The Missouri Quality Initiative (MOQI), focused on improving AD documentation and use in sixteen SNF's. The intervention included education, training, consultation and improvements to discussion process, policy development, increased AD enactment, and increased community education and awareness activities.

Prevalence and correlates of vaccine attitudes and behaviors in a cohort of low-income mothers.

The US is facing a rise in vaccine hesitancy, delay, and refusal, though little is known about these outcomes in socio-economically disadvantaged populations. This study examines the prevalence and correlates of vaccine attitudes and behaviors in a diverse cohort of low-income mothers receiving home visiting services. Survey data were collected from 813 recipients of evidence-based home visiting services in Wisconsin from 2013 to 2018.

Evaluation of a Motivation-Based Intervention to Reduce Health Risk Behaviors among Black Primary Care Patients with Adverse Childhood Experiences.

Background: Considerable evidence suggests that greater attention should be paid to the impact of trauma among low-income, racial/ethnic minority patients living in urban communities. The goal of this article is to evaluate a 2-session, motivational intervention designed to motivate a change in health risk behaviors among low-income, self-identified Black/African American patients with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs).

Methods: Qualitative self-reported data described helpful aspects of the intervention and those that could be improved.

Alcohol mixed with energy drinks: Expectancies of use and alcohol-related negative consequences among a young adult sample.

Objective: Energy drinks are a popular mixer with alcohol among college-aged young adults. Few studies to date have examined the relationships between expectancies of alcohol mixed with energy drink (AmED) use, AmED use and AmED-related negative consequences.

Methods: Eighty college-aged young adults were surveyed regarding their alcohol and AmED use, related negative consequences and AmED expectancies.

A comparison of safe sleep violations in child care and family child care learning homes in Georgia.

Background: High rates of infant death associated with sleeping practices continue to persist in the United States. Infants spend a large portion of their day with child care and family child care learning home providers. Safe sleeping practices continue to be an area of need for care providers of young children.

Influence of race/ethnicity and income on the link between adverse childhood experiences and child flourishing.

Background: The impact of early adversity increases the risk of poor outcomes across the life course. Identifying factors that protect against or contribute to deleterious life outcomes represents an important step in resilience promotion among children exposed to adversity. Informed by resilience science, we hypothesized that family resilience mediates the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and child flourishing, and these pathways vary by race/ethnicity and income.

What can we expect of police in the face of deficient mental health systems? Qualitative insights from Chicago police officers.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: People with serious mental illnesses are overrepresented in the criminal justice system. Interventions such as Crisis Intervention Teams and Co-responder Teams may improve police officers' ability to provide effective response. There is still a gap in our knowledge of the nature of the situations officers are responding to and their perceptions of what is needed for effective response.

Childhood polyvictimization and marijuana use trajectories.

Despite public sentiment to the contrary, recreational marijuana use is deleterious to adolescent health and development. Prospective studies of marijuana use trajectories and their predictors are needed to differentiate risk profiles and inform intervention strategies. Using data on 15,960 participants in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, variable-centered approaches were used to examine the impact of childhood polyvictimization on marijuana onset, marijuana use from age 15 to 24 years, and marijuana dependence symptoms.

The Mental Health of Mothers Currently and Formerly Incarcerated in Jails and Prisons: An Integrative Review on Mental Health, Mental Health Treatment, and Traumatic Experiences.

Unlabelled: Most incarcerated women in the United States are mothers who report high rates of mental health issues and traumatic experiences, yet their needs are often overlooked because they comprise a smaller proportion of the incarcerated population compared with men.

Objective: This integrative review aimed to synthesize the literature on the mental health, mental health treatment, and traumatic experiences of currently and formerly incarcerated mothers.

Methods: We searched PsychINFO, CINAHL, and Criminal Justice Abstracts for all research articles that were written in English; included adult mothers who were incarcerated or incarcerated and released; and contained findings related to mental health, mental health treatment, or traumatic experiences.

Determinants of Discretionary and Non-Discretionary Service Utilization among Caregivers of People with Dementia: Focusing on the Race/Ethnic Differences.

Using Andersen's behavioral model of service utilization, this study aimed to understand how predisposing, enabling, and need factors were associated with two types of service utilization among caregivers of people with dementia. Caregiver participants ( = 637) were from the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregivers Health (REACH II) study. Binary logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted to predict whether participants used services and the frequency of such service utilization.

Adverse childhood experiences and psychological well-being in a rural sample of Chinese young adults.

Background: International interest in adverse childhood experiences (ACE) is on the rise. In China, recent research has explored the effects of ACEs on health-related outcomes, but little is known about how ACEs impact the psychological functioning of rural Chinese youth as they make transition to adulthood.

Objective: This study is aimed to assess the prevalence and psychological consequences of ACEs among a group of rural Chinese young adults.

Skill, confidence and support: conceptual elements of a child/youth caregiver training program in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - the YCare protocol.

Pilot study of a novel caregiving training and support intervention for children and youth <19 years, who provide care for person living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Youth (n = 19) between the ages of 8-19 years, participated in skills training and support program (basic care, feeding/communication, assistive devices and social support). Participants reported significant increase in confidence in tasks, including communication systems and respiratory equipment.

Confined to Obscurity: Health Challenges of Pregnant Women in Jail.

Research about pregnant women in jail is scant. This exploratory study begins to fill this gap by examining the demographics; background characteristics; and self-reported physical health, mental health, and substance use challenges reported by 27 pregnant women incarcerated in a large midwestern county jail. It further reports on the prenatal care before and during their incarceration, plans of these pregnant women for delivery of their child, caring for their infant after their release from jail, and their expectations of paternal or family support post-release.

Parenting as an inhibitor of gender disparities in alcohol use: the case of early adolescents in China.

Background: Gender differences in alcohol use are more substantial among early adolescents in China than in the United States, presumably because of more permissive drinking norms for boys than girls in Chinese culture. This study tested a theory that gender differences in early experimentation with alcohol can be reduced through general parenting practices. Whereas traditional research has identified mediators of gender differences in alcohol use, the current research isolated moderators of gender differences and developed their implications for prevention programs.

Multiple chronic conditions and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia among older Americans: findings from the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (ADAMS).

This study examined the relationship between multiple chronic conditions (MCC) and risk of cognitive impairment with no dementia (CIND) and dementia among older Americans. A sample of 637 individuals aged 70 or older was drawn from the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study, a supplementary dataset of the larger national Health and Retirement Study. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between MCC and cognition categorized as (a) no cognitive impairment, (b) CIND, or (c) dementia.

Understanding alcohol-specific antecedents among Chinese vocational school adolescents.

Background: Alcohol use among Chinese vocational school students is widespread and associated with many negative consequences. However, alcohol-specific antecedents for this population are understudied.

Objectives: The current study explored: (a) which alcohol-specific antecedents are the most salient predictors for alcohol use intentions, (b) whether any mediational relationships exist among these alcohol-specific antecedents, and (c) whether gender-based differences exist among these relationships.

A systematic review of mobile health technologies to support self-management of concurrent diabetes and hypertension.

Objective: This article reports results from a systematic literature review of the current state of mobile health (mHealth) technologies that have the potential to support self-management for people with diabetes and hypertension. The review aims to (a) characterize mHealth technologies used or described in the mHealth literature and (b) summarize their effects on self-management for people with diabetes and hypertension from the clinical and technical standpoints.

Materials And Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines.

US data on children and youth caregivers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Objective: An estimated 1.4 million young caregivers (<19 years of age) in the United States provide care to ill family members yet remain hidden from state and national caregiving programs and services, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) caregiving services. Given the intensive care needs and acuity of ALS, appreciation of the young caregiver experience within the family context may have a significant impact on patient and family quality of life.

Translating and Implementing Evidence-Based Mental Health Services in Child Welfare.

Children in the child welfare system with mental health difficulties seldom receive evidence-based treatment (EBT) despite the abundance of validated interventions that exist. This manuscript describes two projects aimed at increasing access to EBTs. The first is a completed field trial of an adapted parent-child interaction therapy intervention with foster-parent child dyads.

Prevalence and Correlates of Maternal and Infant Sleep Problems in a Low-Income US Sample.

Objectives: This study examined the prevalence and correlates of maternal and infant sleep problems among low-income families receiving home visiting services.

Methods: The study sample includes 1142 mother-infant dyads in Wisconsin, United States. Women completed a survey when their infants were between two weeks and one year old.

Adverse childhood experiences and poor birth outcomes in a diverse, low-income sample.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are associated with an array of health consequences in later life, but few studies have examined the effects of ACEs on women's birth outcomes.

Methods: We analyzed data gathered from a sample of 1848 low-income women who received services from home visiting programs in Wisconsin. Archival program records from a public health database were used to create three birth outcomes reflecting each participant's reproductive health history: any pregnancy loss; any preterm birth; any low birthweight.

Applied and Translational Research on Trauma-Responsive Programs and Policy: Introduction to a Special Issue of the American Journal of Community Psychology.

The special issue highlights work across systems that include child welfare, education, juvenile justice and health, as well as agencies serving adults who are at-risk for high levels of childhood and adult trauma exposure. While articles appearing in the special issue are not divided equally across these systems, they cover important and overlapping concepts within each. Some articles span more than a single system or domain of research, whereas others fit primarily within single area or domain.