Spatial separation of different drug substances in one microneedle array patch by combining inkjet printing and micromolding technology.

Transdermal drug delivery using microneedle array patches has been investigated using a wide range of drug substances. Inkjet printing and micromolding are established methods for the production of microneedle array patches and both were used to combine lisinopril embedded in povidone and ibuprofen in Eudragit® RS / RL in a single patch. Dissolution studies, visual inspection, mechanical strength and insertion into an artificial skin membrane model were investigated.

Evidence for corrin biosynthesis in the last universal common ancestor.

Corrinoids are cobalt-containing tetrapyrroles. They include adenosylcobalamin (vitamin B) and cobamides that function as cofactors and coenzymes for methyl transfer, radical-dependent and redox reactions. Though cobamides are the most complex cofactors in nature, they are essential in the acetyl-CoA pathway, thought to be the most ancient CO-fixation pathway, where they perform a pterin-to-cobalt-to-nickel methyl transfer reaction catalyzed by the corrinoid iron-sulphur protein (CoFeS).

Subtypes of cognitive impairment in cerebellar disease identified by cross-diagnostic cluster-analysis: results from a German multicenter study.

Background: Cognitive and neuropsychiatric impairment, known as cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS), may be present in cerebellar disorders. This study identified distinct CCAS subtypes in cerebellar patients using cluster analysis.

Methods: The German CCAS-Scale (G-CCAS-S), a brief screening test for CCAS, was assessed in 205 cerebellar patients and 200 healthy controls.

Visual quality of life in NMOSD and MOGAD: profiles, dynamics and associations with ageing and vision.

Objective: In this multicentric study, we were interested in the vision-related quality of life and its association with visual impairment in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) in comparison to multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls.

Methods: We analysed extracted data from the German NEMOS registry including National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ) scores, high and low contrast visual acuity (HCVA, LCVA), visually evoked potentials (VEP) and the scores for the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and other neurological tests which assessed their disease-related impairment. The mean follow-up time of our patients was 1.

De-escalating and discontinuing disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis.

The development of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been highly successful in recent decades. It is now widely accepted that early initiation of DMTs after disease onset is associated with a better long-term prognosis. However, the question of when and how to de-escalate or discontinue DMTs remains open and critical.

Progress and challenges in the elimination of hepatitis C among people who inject drugs in Germany: results of a pilot study for a national monitoring system, 10 years after the first data collection.

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk of blood-borne infections, and injection drug use contributes significantly to hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission. The WHO has therefore set targets of reducing HCV incidence and prevalence among PWID and increasing treatment coverage to eliminate HCV by 2030. The DRUCK study (2011-2014) found high HCV prevalence and low treatment coverage among PWID in Germany.

The New Tumour Biomarker miRNA-371-3p Influences Cisplatin Sensitivity of Testicular Germ Cell Tumour Cell Lines.

Cisplatin is used to treat a variety of malignancies, including testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs). Although cisplatin-based chemotherapy yields high response rates, a subset of patients develop cisplatin resistance, limiting treatment options and worsening prognosis. Therefore, there is a high clinical need for new therapeutic strategies targeting cisplatin-resistant TGCTs.

3D printing of pharmaceutical dosage forms: Recent advances and applications.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also referred to as additive manufacturing, is considered to be a game-changing technology in many industries and is also considered to have potential use cases in pharmaceutical manufacturing, especially if individualization is desired. In this review article the authors systematically researched literature published during the last 5 years (2019 - spring 2024) on the topic of 3D printed dosage forms. Besides all kinds of oral dosage forms ranging from tablets and capsules to films, pellets, etc.

Discovery, Replicability, and Generalizability of a Left Anterior Hippocampus' Morphological Network Linked to Self-Regulation.

The human hippocampus is a key region in cognitive and emotional processing, but also a vulnerable and plastic region. Accordingly, there is a great interest in understanding how variability in the hippocampus' structure relates to variability in behavior in healthy and clinical populations. In this study, we aimed to link interindividual variability in subregional hippocampal networks (i.

Crop genome editing through tissue-culture-independent transformation methods.

Genome editing and plant transformation are crucial techniques in plant biotechnology, allowing for the precise modification of plant genomes to enhance agronomically essential traits. The advancement of CRISPR-based genome editing tools in plants is limited, among others, by developing novel tissue culture methodologies for efficient plant genetic transformation. methodologies offer a promising alternative to overcome tissue culture limitations and facilitate crops' genetic improvement.

Conversion of pyridoxal to pyridoxamine with NH and H on nickel generates a protometabolic nitrogen shuttle under serpentinizing conditions.

Serpentinizing hydrothermal vents are likely sites for the origin of metabolism because they produce H as a source of electrons for CO reduction while depositing zero-valent iron, cobalt, and nickel as catalysts for organic reactions. Recent work has shown that solid-state nickel can catalyze the H-dependent reduction of CO to various organic acids and their reductive amination with H and NH to biological amino acids under the conditions of H-producing hydrothermal vents and that amino acid synthesis from NH, H, and 2-oxoacids is facile in the presence of Ni. Such reactions suggest a metallic origin of metabolism during early biochemical evolution because single metals replace the function of over 130 enzymatic reactions at the core of metabolism in microbes that use the acetyl-CoA pathway of CO fixation.

Flexibility of intrinsic neural timescales during distinct behavioral states.

Recent neuroimaging studies demonstrate a heterogeneity of timescales prevalent in the brain's ongoing spontaneous activity, labeled intrinsic neural timescales (INT). At the same time, neural timescales also reflect stimulus- or task-related activity. The relationship of the INT during the brain's spontaneous activity with their involvement in task states including behavior remains unclear.

Outcome of Single Versus Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Complex Endovascular Aortic Repair.

Introduction: Despite the widespread use of branched (bEVAR) and fenestrated endovascular aortic repair (fEVAR) for complex aortic pathologies, there are no reliable recommendations regarding postsurgery antiplatelet therapy. We therefore evaluated the outcome of single (SAPT) and dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following fEVAR and bEVAR.

Methods: A total of 63 patients from two German centers treated for complex aortic pathologies were included in this retrospective study.

From English to "Englishes": A Process Perspective on Enhancing the Linguistic Responsiveness of Culturally Tailored Cancer Prevention Interventions.

Linguistic accommodation refers to the process of adjusting one's language, speech, or communication style to match or adapt to that of others in a social interaction. It is known to be vital to effective health communication. Despite this evidence, there is little scientific guidance on how to design linguistically adapted health behavior interventions for diverse English-speaking populations.

Stress, psychosocial resources and possible interventions: a qualitative study among dental students.

Background: Prior studies found that dental students are affected by various stressors during their studies. Those stressors can exert adverse effects on their (mental) health. Our study addresses the lack of qualitative data on students' perspectives by exploring perceived stressors and resources among dental students and interventions suggested by them.

Choroid plexus morphology in schizophrenia and early-stage psychosis: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The choroid plexus is an important structure within the ventricular system. Schizophrenia has been associated with morphological changes to the choroid plexus but the presence and extent of alterations at different illness stages is unclear.

Methods: We examined choroid plexus volumes in participants at clinical high-risk for psychosis (N = 110), participants with first-episode psychosis (N = 37), participants with schizophrenia (N = 28), clinical (N = 38) and non-clinical controls (N = 75).

Primary cutaneous rhabdomyosarcoma with EWSR1/FUS::TFCP2 fusion: four new cases with distinctive morphology, immunophenotypic, and genetic profile.

EWSR1/FUS::TFCP2-rearranged rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare tumor with an aggressive clinical course, a predilection for craniofacial bones, spindled and/or epithelioid histomorphology, and positive immunohistochemistry (IHC) for epithelial and myogenic markers, along with variable ALK expression. Herein, we present four additional cases of primary cutaneous TFCP2-rearranged RMS. Notably, one tumor (case 1) displayed a varied pathological spectrum, initially presenting as a low-grade spindle cell neoplasm, but progressed into a high-grade spindle/epithelioid tumor.

Motivators and barriers for smoking cessation in people with multiple sclerosis: a qualitative study to inform the design of a tailored intervention.

Background: Tobacco smoking is a relevant determinant of multiple sclerosis (MS) onset, and smokers have increased risk for faster progression of MS compared to non-smokers. While the smoking prevalence is high in Germany, no smoking cessation programs have been developed specifically in MS populations to date, and only little is known about the motivators and barriers influencing smoking cessation in people with MS (pwMS) in Germany. This study aims to identify these factors to inform the design of a tailored smoking cessation intervention.

Small molecule protein assembly modulators with pan-cancer therapeutic efficacy.

Two structurally unrelated small molecule chemotypes, represented by compounds PAV-617 and PAV-951, with antiviral activity in cell culture against Mpox virus (formerly known as monkeypox virus) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) respectively, were studied for anti-cancer efficacy. Each exhibited apparent pan-cancer cytotoxicity with reasonable pharmacokinetics. Non-toxicity is demonstrated in a non-cancer cell line and in mice at doses achieving drug exposure at active concentrations.

Engineered Porosity ZnO Sensor Enriched with Oxygen Vacancies Enabled Extraordinary Sub-ppm Sensing of Hydrogen Sulfide and Nitrogen Dioxide Air Pollution Gases at Low Temperature in Air.

We report the results of a zinc oxide (ZnO) low-power microsensor for sub-ppm detection of NO and HS in air at 200 °C. NO emission is predominantly produced by the combustion processes of fossil fuels, while coal-fired power plants are the main emitter of HS. Fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal) combined contained 74% of USA energy production in 2023.

Hemorrhage in Pelvic Ring Fractures After Low-Energy Trauma: A Systematic Review.

: The aim was to investigate diagnostic, treatment and preventive options to establish an overview of the existing evidence on hemorrhage in pelvic fractures in older adults. : A systematic review was conducted. Due to the rarity of this complication, only case reports and series with individuals older than 55 years with a pelvic ring fracture that is caused by a low-energy trauma or no apparent trauma, along with hemorrhage, were eligible.

Impact of a Clinical Decision Support System on the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Performing Medication Reviews in Community Pharmacies: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) already support community pharmacists in conducting medication reviews (MRs) by identifying important information on interactions and suggesting clinical solutions. However, their impact in terms of quality and time savings is widely unexplored. The aim of our study was to investigate whether MRs are performed faster and better with or without using a CDSS.

Exposure of Primary Human Skin Fibroblasts to Carbon Dioxide-Containing Solution Significantly Reduces TGF-β-Induced Myofibroblast Differentiation In Vitro.

Wound healing as a result of a skin injury involves a series of dynamic physiological processes, leading to wound closure, re-epithelialization, and the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The primary scar formed by the new ECM never fully regains the original tissue's strength or flexibility. Moreover, in some cases, due to dysregulated fibroblast activity, proliferation, and differentiation, the normal scarring can be replaced by pathological fibrotic tissue, leading to hypertrophic scars or keloids.

Survival of Partial Coverage Restorations on Posterior Teeth-A Scoping Review.

Objective: To investigate the nature and availability of evidence on the clinical performance of posterior partial coverage restorations (PCR) fabricated from different ceramic materials, outcome definitions, measurement methods, study drop-outs and follow ups.

Overview: A systematic literature search (inception-February 2024) was performed through MEDLINE, Scopus, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform to identify clinical studies with a focus on posterior PCRs (onlays, occlusal veneers and partial crowns) with a minimum follow-up of 1 year.