Identification of key drivers of the microbial shikimic acid pathway during different materials composting.

Metabolites of shikimic acid (SA) pathway can be used as humic substance (HS) precursors. Due to the complexity of SA anabolism, there were few studies on SA pathway during composting. The aim of this study was to identify the key drivers of SA pathway during different materials composting.

Microbial inoculants reshape structural distribution of complex components of humic acid based on spectroscopy during straw waste composting.

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of actinomycetes inoculation to promote humification based on spectroscopy during straw waste composting. Results showed that inoculating actinomycetes could significantly increase the humification index and humification ratio, which were 2.53% and 21.

Effects of heavy metals stress on chicken manures composting via the perspective of microbial community feedback.

Heavy metal pollution was the main risk during livestock manures composting, in which microorganisms played a vital role. However, response strategies of microbial community to heavy metals stress (HMS) remained largely unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to reveal the ecological adaptation and counter-effect of bacterial community under HMS during chicken manures composting, and evaluating environmental implications of HMS on composting.

Insight into the effects of regulating denitrification on composting: Strategies to simultaneously reduce environmental pollution risk and promote aromatic humic substance formation.

Denitrification during composting is a hidden danger that causes environmental pollution risk and aromatic humic substance damage, which needs to be better regulate urgently. In this study, two denitrification regulation methods, moisture and biochar amendment, were conducted during chicken manure composting. Denitrification performance data showed two regulation methods obviously reduced NO-N, NO-N and N contents.

Modified montmorillonite and illite adjusted the preference of biotic and abiotic pathways of humus formation during chicken manure composting.

The study aimed to identify the preference of pathways of humus formation. Five lab-scale composting experiments were established: the control (CK), montmorillonite addition (M), illite addition (I), thermal treatment montmorillonite addition (M-) and thermal treatment illite addition (I-). Results showed humus content was increased by 11.

Speciation, toxicity mechanism and remediation ways of heavy metals during composting: A novel theoretical microbial remediation method is proposed.

Heavy metals (HM) pollution is a major limitation to the application of composting products. Therefore, mitigating the toxicity of HM has attracted wide attention during composting. The toxicity of HM is mainly acted on microorganisms during composting, and the toxicity of different HM speciation is obviously various.

Humus formation driven by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria during mixed materials composting.

The aim of this study was to identify the effects of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) inoculation on humus formation. Both nitrogen conversion and humus formation were considered as the main processes, because NH-N-like compounds not only substrates of nitrification, but also precursors of humus. During composting, the inoculation of AOB indeed increased humus concentration by fixing NH emission as NH-N, but it has also promoted nitrogen transformation.

Recognition of the neutral sugars conversion induced by bacterial community during lignocellulose wastes composting.

The aim of this study was to explore the conversion characteristics of neutral sugars during different lignocellulose wastes composting from rice straw (RS), leaf (L) and mushroom dreg (MD). The results showed that the changes of neutral sugars were different during different wastes composting, but the changes of various hexose or pentose were similar during composting of the same material. The diversity of bacterial community led to different conversion characteristics of neutral sugars.

A novel method for removing heavy metals from composting system: The combination of functional bacteria and adsorbent materials.

The aim of this study was to remove heavy metals from composting system using a novel method combined functional bacteria with adsorbent materials. Four types of adsorbent materials were selected in this study. Results showed that Cr had significant removal efficiency, especially in sponge treatment (19.

Impact of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria inoculation methods on phosphorus transformation and long-term utilization in composting.

This study aimed to assess the effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) application and inoculation methods on rock phosphate (RP) solubilization and bacterial community during composting. The results showed that PSB inoculation in different stages of composting, especially both in the beginning and cooling stages, not only improved the diversity and abundance of PSB and bacterial community, but also distinctly increased the content of potential available phosphorus. Redundancy analysis indicated that the combined inoculation of PSB in the initial stage with higher inoculation amount and in the cooling stage with lower inoculation amount was the best way to improve the inoculation effect and increase the solubilization and utilization of RP during composting.

Snowmelt-driven changes in dissolved organic matter and bacterioplankton communities in the Heilongjiang watershed of China.

Bacterioplankton plays a significant role in the circulation of materials and ecosystem function in the biosphere. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from dead plant material and surface soil leaches into water bodies when snow melts. In our study, water samples from nine sampling sites along the Heilongjiang watershed were collected in February and June 2014 during which period snowmelt occurred.

Characterization of chromophoric dissolved organic matter and relationships among PARAFAC components and water quality parameters in Heilongjiang, China.

Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is an important optically active substance that can transports nutrients and pollutants from terrestrial to aquatic systems. Additionally, it is used as a measure of water quality. To investigate the source and composition of CDOM, we used chemical and fluorescent analyses to characterize CDOM in Heilongjiang.

Bioavailability of riverine dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in the Heilongjiang watershed of northeastern China.

The bioavailabilities of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) were examined in eight sampling stations of the Heilongjiang watershed, located in Heilongjiang Province, northeast China. Water samples were incubated for 55 days at 20 °C, and the decreases in the DOC and DON concentrations were measured during the laboratory incubations. The experiments showed that bioavailable DOC (BDOC) accounted for 15-30% of DOC and bioavailable DON (BDON) accounted for 29-57% of DON.