Pragmatic Clinical Trials: A Study Design for Real-World Evidence.

Editor's note: This is the 25th article in a series on clinical research by nurses coordinated by the Heilbrunn Family Center for Research Nursing at Rockefeller University. The series is designed to be used as a resource for nurses to understand the concepts and principles essential to research. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation.

An Introduction to Types of Quasi-Experimental Designs.

Editor's note: This is the 24th article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to be used as a resource for nurses to understand the concepts and principles essential to research. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation.

An Introduction to the Crossover Trial Design.

Editor's note: This is the 23rd article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to be used as a resource for nurses to understand the concepts and principles essential to research. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation.

Methods to Disseminate Nursing Research: A Brief Overview.

Editor's note: This is the 22nd article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to be used as a resource for nurses to understand the concepts and principles essential to research. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation.

An Introduction to Implementing and Conducting the Study.

Editor's note: This is the 21st article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to be used as a resource for nurses to understand the concepts and principles essential to research. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation.

Ethical Research and the Institutional Review Board: An Introduction.

Editor's note: This is the 20th article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to be used as a resource for nurses to understand the concepts and principles essential to research. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation.

The Cluster Randomized Trial Study Design.

Editor's note: This is the 17th article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to be used as a resource for nurses to understand the concepts and principles essential to research. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation.

Delivery of acupuncture in clinical trials: Research acupuncturists' perspectives.

Delivery of acupuncture in the setting of a clinical trial is a unique practice that diverges significantly from the delivery of acupuncture in a real-world clinical setting. Research acupuncturists, particularly those trained in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), are often required to set aside valued precepts of traditional care, including diagnosing imbalances, individualizing treatment, and forging a therapeutic relationship with patients. TCM-trained acupuncturists express mixed feelings about participating in clinical trials.

Efficacy Randomized Controlled Trials.

Editor's note: This is the 14th article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to be used as a resource for nurses to understand the concepts and principles essential to research. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation.

Improving the Validity of Causal Inferences in Observational Studies.

Editor's note: This is the 13th article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to be used as a resource for nurses to understand the concepts and principles essential to research. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation.

Detecting Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Diabetes, Prediabetes and other High-Risk Conditions: An Advanced Practice Nurse's Perspective.

A common complication of diabetes, HIV infection, and other chronic systemic conditions and exposures, distal sensory peripheral neuropathy is increasingly prevalent worldwide; the physical, mental, and economic burdens are significant. As no curative therapies exist to date, early detection of peripheral neuropathy (PN) affords patients the best chance to reverse it through education, intensive lifestyle modifications, and multidisciplinary management. Concerning diabetic PN, obstacles to effective screening include low clinical priority, failure to screen patients during prediabetes, confusion regarding methods and goals of testing, and possibly inexperience with thermal testing.

Development and evaluation of a clinical research nursing module for undergraduate nursing schools: expanding Clinical Research Nurses' outreach.

Background: Clinical Research Nurses (CRNs) care for study participants and manage clinical research studies; yet the CRN practice role is rarely covered in undergraduate nursing curricula in the United States. Despite a burgeoning need for CRNs, the pipeline of clinical research nurse positions remains sparse. The International Association of Clinical Research Nurses's (IACRN) strategic goal to "engage with nursing schools to heighten awareness and inclusion of the CRN role competencies in nursing education" prompted the development of an educational lecture module to be disseminated to nursing schools.

Selection and Implementation of Outcome Measurements.

Editor's note: This is the fifth article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to give nurses the knowledge and skills they need to participate in research, step by step. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation.

Cohort Studies.

Editor's note: This is the seventh article in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to give nurses the knowledge and skills they need to participate in research, step by step. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation.

Cross-Sectional Studies.

Editor's note: This article is one in a series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to give nurses the knowledge and skills they need to participate in research, step by step. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation.

Selection of the Study Participants.

Editor's note: This is the second article in a new series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to give nurses the knowledge and skills they need to participate in research, step by step. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation.

How Does Research Start?

Editor's note: This is the first article in a new series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to give nurses the knowledge and skills they need to participate in research, step by step. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation.

CE: Opioid Use Disorder: Pathophysiology, Assessment, and Effective Interventions.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease. Genetic variability, dysregulated stress system response, and history of opioid experimentation or escalating exposure all contribute to the likelihood of developing OUD, which produces complex brain changes that make it difficult to stop opioid use. Understanding the neurobiology of OUD helps nurses anticipate the behaviors of patients with OUD and approach them with empathy.

Prediction model development of women's daily asthma control using fitness tracker sleep disruption.

Background: Night-time wakening with asthma symptoms is an important indicator of disease control and severity, with no gold-standard objective measurement.

Objective: The study objective was to use fitness tracker sleep data to develop predictive models of daily disease control-related asthma-specific wakening and FEV in working-aged women with poorly controlled asthma.

Methods: A repeated measures panel design included data from 43 women with poorly controlled asthma.

CE: Original Research: The Clinical Research Nurse: Exploring Self-Perceptions About the Value of the Role.

Unlabelled: : Background: Clinical research nursing is an emerging specialty practice. Clinical research nurses (CRNs) work to make protocol-related care safe for the research subjects while simultaneously maintaining protocol fidelity. They must continuously balance the needs of the research subjects and the study requirements.

Trajectories of Fasting Blood Glucose in Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Background: Patients who receive autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for the treatment of hematologic malignancies are at risk of serious adverse outcomes including infections and death. Hyperglycemia following the HCT is associated with increased risk of these adverse outcomes. However, limited information is available on demographic and clinical characteristics that contribute to changes in blood glucose levels following HCT.

Validation of fitness tracker for sleep measures in women with asthma.

Objective: Nighttime wakening with asthma symptoms is a key to assessment and therapy decisions, with no gold standard objective measure. The study aims were to (1) determine the feasibility, (2) explore equivalence, and (3) test concordance of a consumer-based accelerometer with standard actigraphy for measurement of sleep patterns in women with asthma as an adjunct to self-report.

Methods: Panel study design of women with poorly controlled asthma from a university-affiliated primary care clinic system was used.