'Can do' versus 'Do do' in nursing home residents: identification of contextual factors discriminating groups with aligned or misaligned physical activity and physical capacity.

Background: Physical activity (PA) is fundamental to nursing home residents' health. Likewise, physical capacity (PC) is essential to carry out activities of daily living. Although PC and PA are associated, misalignment has been reported in specific subgroups.

Procedural and clinical outcomes of patients undergoing a TAVI in TAVI procedure: Rationale and design of the multicentre, prospective, observational ReTAVI registry.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is increasingly being used in younger patients and those with lower peri-procedural risk, meaning more patients will live long enough to experience structural valve deterioration (SVD) of the bioprosthesis, indicating repeated TAVI. Experience of repeated TAVI-transcatheter heart valve (THV) implantation into an index THV is limited. This registry aims to assess the peri-procedural and short-term safety, efficacy and durability of repeated TAVI.

The fentanyl-specific antibody FenAb024 can shield against carfentanil effects.

The surge in opioid-related deaths, driven predominantly by fentanyl and its synthetic derivatives, has become a critical public health concern, which is particularly evident in the United States. While the situation is less severe in Europe, the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction reports a rise in drug overdose deaths, with emerging concerns about the impact of fentanyl-related molecules. Synthetic opioids, initially designed for medical use, have infiltrated illicit markets due to their low production costs and high potency, with carfentanil posing additional threats, including potential chemical weaponization.

Dropout from exercise trials among cancer survivors-An individual patient data meta-analysis from the POLARIS study.

Introduction: The number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of exercise among cancer survivors has increased in recent years; however, participants dropping out of the trials are rarely described. The objective of the present study was to assess which combinations of participant and exercise program characteristics were associated with dropout from the exercise arms of RCTs among cancer survivors.

Methods: This study used data collected in the Predicting OptimaL cAncer RehabIlitation and Supportive care (POLARIS) study, an international database of RCTs investigating the effects of exercise among cancer survivors.

Impact of Clonal Heterogeneity in Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple myeloma is characterized by a highly heterogeneous disease distribution within the bone marrow-containing skeletal system. In this review, we introduce the molecular mechanisms underlying clonal heterogeneity and the spatio-temporal evolution of myeloma. We discuss the clinical impact of clonal heterogeneity, which is thought to be one of the biggest obstacles to overcome therapy resistance and to achieve cure.

Longitudinal associations of bioelectrical phase angle and fatigue in breast cancer patients.

Cancer-related fatigue is commonly treated in an undifferentiated manner, because its pathophysiology is still not well understood. Therefore, we investigated if bioelectrical phase angle (PhA), a non-invasive marker of cell integrity, could help to single out specific fatigue subtypes. In a randomized controlled strength training intervention trial, PhA was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis in 158 breast cancer patients.

Circulating Tumor and Immune Cells for Minimally Invasive Risk Stratification of Smoldering Multiple Myeloma.

Purpose: Early intervention in smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) requires optimal risk stratification to avoid under- and overtreatment. We hypothesized that replacing bone marrow (BM) plasma cells (PC) for circulating tumor cells (CTC), and adding immune biomarkers in peripheral blood (PB) for the identification of patients at risk of progression due to lost immune surveillance, could improve the International Myeloma Working Group 20/2/20 model.

Experimental Design: We report the outcomes of 150 patients with SMM enrolled in the iMMunocell study, in which serial assessment of tumor and immune cells in PB was performed every 6 months for a period of 3 years since enrollment.

Factors Influencing Overall Survival for Patients with Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database.

Background: The study aimed to develop a nomogram to predict overall survival (OS) for patients with FLC using a national database.

Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database of the National Cancer Institute was reviewed to identify FLC cases with histological confirmation between 2004 and 2014. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify factors associated with OS.

Validation of multivariable lung cancer risk prediction models for the personalized assignment of optimal screening frequency: a retrospective analysis of data from the German Lung Cancer Screening Intervention Trial (LUSI).

Background: Current guidelines for lung cancer screening via low-dose computed tomography recommend annual screening for all candidates meeting basic eligibility criteria. However, lung cancer risk of eligible screening participants can vary widely, and further risk stratification could be used to individually optimize screening intervals in view of expected benefits, possible harms and financial costs. To this effect, models have been developed in the US National Lung Screening Trial based on self-reported lung cancer risk factors and imaging data.

Individual differences in parent and child average RSA and parent psychological distress influence parent-child RSA synchrony.

Parent-child synchrony of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) varies by risk, but novel approaches are needed to capture individual contributions to synchrony. Multilevel state-trait modeling was applied to examine how parental psychological distress and parent and child average RSA during challenge (reflecting individual regulatory capacities) shaped RSA synchrony in mother-child (n = 71) and father-child (n = 47) interactions. RSA synchrony was curvilinear such that greater in-the-moment RSA reactivity in one partner prompted greater reactivity in the other.

Exercise and lung cancer surgery: A systematic review of randomized-controlled trials.

Lung cancer patients undergoing surgery are often left physically deconditioned and/or with functional deficits. Exercise interventions may improve pulmonary and physical function before and after lung resection. We conducted a systematic review of randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) testing the impact of pre-, post-, and combined pre-and-post surgery exercise interventions on physical and pulmonary function in lung cancer patients.

Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors: Consensus Statement from International Multidisciplinary Roundtable.

Purpose: The number of cancer survivors worldwide is growing, with over 15.5 million cancer survivors in the United States alone-a figure expected to double in the coming decades. Cancer survivors face unique health challenges as a result of their cancer diagnosis and the impact of treatments on their physical and mental well-being.

Lung cancer mortality reduction by LDCT screening-Results from the randomized German LUSI trial.

In 2011, the U.S. National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST) reported a 20% reduction of lung cancer mortality after regular screening by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), as compared to X-ray screening.

Carfilzomib-Dexamethasone Versus Bortezomib-Dexamethasone in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Updated Overall Survival, Safety, and Subgroups.

Introduction: The phase III RandomizEd, OpeN Label, Phase 3 Study of Carfilzomib Plus DExamethAsone Vs Bortezomib Plus DexamethasOne in Patients With Relapsed Multiple Myeloma (ENDEAVOR) trial showed significantly improved progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) with carfilzomib (56 mg/m) and dexamethasone (Kd56) versus bortezomib and Kd56 (Vd) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). We report updated OS and safety data after 6 months of additional follow-up.

Patients And Methods: Patients with RRMM (1-3 previous lines of therapy) were randomized 1:1 to Kd56 or Vd.

FRoG-A New Calculation Engine for Clinical Investigations with Proton and Carbon Ion Beams at CNAO.

A fast and accurate dose calculation engine for hadrontherapy is critical for both routine clinical and advanced research applications. FRoG is a graphics processing unit (GPU)-based forward calculation tool developed at CNAO (Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica) and at HIT (Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center) for fast and accurate calculation of both physical and biological dose. FRoG calculation engine adopts a triple Gaussian parameterization for the description of the lateral dose distribution.

Simulation of proton range monitoring in an anthropomorphic phantom using multi-slat collimators and time-of-flight detection of prompt-gamma quanta.

Prompt-gamma (PG) imaging has the potential for monitoring proton therapy in real time. Different approaches are investigated. We focus on developing multi-slat collimators to image PG quanta, aiming at optimizing collimator performance to detect deviations in treatment delivery.

Exercise behavior and physical fitness in patients with advanced lung cancer.

Purpose: The aim of this work was to evaluate exercise behavior and physical fitness of advanced lung cancer patients shortly after primary diagnosis.

Methods: Between November 2013 and December 2016, advanced lung cancer patients (n = 227, mean age 62.2 years) were enrolled shortly after diagnosis and 211 patients were tested for endurance capacity (six-minute walk test) and strength performance (maximum voluntary isometric contraction of upper and lower extremities).

Acute loss of the hepatic endo-lysosomal system in vivo causes compensatory changes in iron homeostasis.

Liver cells communicate with the extracellular environment to take up nutrients via endocytosis. Iron uptake is essential for metabolic activities and cell homeostasis. Here, we investigated the role of the endocytic system for maintaining iron homeostasis.

Carbon and oxygen minibeam radiation therapy: An experimental dosimetric evaluation.

Purpose: To perform dosimetric characterization of a minibeam collimator in both carbon and oxygen ion beams to guide optimal setup geometry and irradiation for future radiobiological studies.

Methods: Carbon and oxygen minibeams were generated using a prototype tungsten multislit collimator presenting line apertures 700 μm wide, which are spaced 3500 μm centre-to-centre distance apart. Several radiation beam spots generated the desired field size of 15 × 15 mm and production of a 50 mm long spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) centered at 80 mm depth in water.

Dedicated high dose rate Ir brachytherapy radiation fields for in vitro cell exposures at variable source-target cell distances: killing of mammalian cells depends on temporal dose rate fluctuation.

Afterloading brachytherapy is conducted by the stepwise movement of a radioactive source through surgically implanted applicator tubes where at predefined dwell positions calculated dwell times optimize spatial dose delivery with respect to a planned dose level. The temporal exposure pattern exhibits drastic fluctuations in dose rate at a given coordinate and within a single treatment session because of the discontinuous and repeated source movement into the target volume. This could potentially affect biological response.