Associations between density and quality of health promotion programmes and built environment features across Jerusalem.

Background: Health promotion programmes (HPPs) have the potential to influence individual health, depending on their quality and characteristics. Little is known about how they interact with built environment features and neighbourhood demographics in cities with substantial health disparities.

Methods: Using the European Quality Instrument for Health Promotion (EQUIHP), we assessed the quality of HPPs, operating between 2016 and 2017, among adults aged 18-75 in Jerusalem.

Socioeconomic Disparity Trends in Cancer Screening Among Women After Introduction of National Quality Indicators.

Purpose: Primary care physicians have an important role in encouraging adequate cancer screening. Disparities in cancer screening by socioeconomic status (SES) may affect presentation stage and cancer survival. This study aimed to examine whether breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer screening rates in women differed by SES and age, and whether screening rates and SES disparities changed after introduction of a primary care-based national quality indicator program.

Risk factors for functional deterioration in a cohort with late effects of poliomyelitis: A ten-year follow-up study.

Background: More than 7000 patients developed poliomyelitis during the main epidemic in the fifties in Israel. In recent years, there is a further deterioration in their condition due to accelerated aging process and post-polio syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for the progression of functional status in a cohort of patients with late effect of poliomyelitis over a period of ten years.

Socio-demographic disparities in amblyopia prevalence among 1.5 million adolescents.

Background: Amblyopia, when not diagnosed at appropriate age, leads to uncorrectable visual impairment with considerable social and financial implications. The aim of this study was to assess socio-demographic disparities in amblyopia prevalence among Israeli adolescents, in order to identify susceptible groups in the population.

Methods: A nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional study of Israeli adolescents examined between 1993 and 2017.

Myopia and Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Context: A correlation between myopia and insulin resistance has been suggested.

Objective: We investigated the association between myopia in adolescence and type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence in young adulthood.

Methods: This population-based, retrospective, cohort study comprised 1 329 705 adolescents (579 543 women, 43.

The Future Public Health Workforce in a Changing World: A Conceptual Framework for a European-Israeli Knowledge Transfer Project.

Health services quality and sustainability rely mainly on a qualified workforce. Adequately trained public health personnel protect and promote health, avert health disparities, and allow rapid response to health emergencies. Evaluations of the healthcare workforce typically focus on physicians and nurses in curative medical venues.

Inferring Numbers of Wild Poliovirus Excretors Using Quantitative Environmental Surveillance.

Response to and monitoring of viral outbreaks can be efficiently focused when rapid, quantitative, kinetic information provides the location and the number of infected individuals. Environmental surveillance traditionally provides information on location of populations with contagious, infected individuals since infectious poliovirus is excreted whether infections are asymptomatic or symptomatic. Here, we describe development of rapid (1 week turnaround time, TAT), quantitative RT-PCR of poliovirus RNA extracted directly from concentrated environmental surveillance samples to infer the number of infected individuals excreting poliovirus.

Health providers' and pregnant women's perspectives about smoking cessation support: a COM-B analysis of a global systematic review of qualitative studies.

Background: Smoking cessation in pregnancy has unique challenges. Health providers (HP) may need support to successfully implement smoking cessation care (SCC) for pregnant women (PW). We aimed to synthesize qualitative data about views of HPs and PW on SCC during pregnancy using COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behaviour) framework.

Synovial Concentration of Trimethoprim-Sulphadiazine Following Regional Limb Perfusion in Standing Horses.

The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim-sulphadiazine administered via intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) into the cephalic vein. According to the hypothesis, the drug could be administered without adverse effects and the synovial concentrations would remain above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for trimethoprim-sulphadiazine (0.5 and 9.

Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Israel: A Negative Control Analysis.

Background: Residual confounding is a major concern for causal inference in observational studies on air pollution-autism spectrum disorder (ASD) associations. This study is aimed at assessing confounding in these associations using negative control exposures.

Methods: This nested case-control study included all children diagnosed with ASD (detected through 31 December 2016) born during 2007-2012 in Israel and residing in the study area (N = 3,843), and matched controls of the same age (N = 38,430).

The Impact of Smoking Cessation on Hospitalization and Psychiatric Medication Utilization among People with Serious Mental Illness.

Despite the high prevalence of smoking amongst people with serious mental illness (SMI), referral rates to smoking cessation programs (SCPs) are low. Mental health workers reticence to refer to SCPs has been attributed, in part, to their belief that quitting will have a deleterious effect on their patients' mental health status. This study's objective was to determine if participating in a smoking cessation program had an adverse effect on mental health status among people with SMI, measured here by a change in hospitalization occurrence or psychiatric medication utilization.

The influence of mandibular condyle morphology on TMJ anterior dislocations.

Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate the correlation between the bony morphology of the mandibular condyle and the occurrence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) idiopathic anterior dislocation.

Study Design: A comparative retrospective study was conducted among 14 patients presenting idiopathic anterior dislocations (study group) and 15 patients who did not suffer from any TMJ disorders (control group). All patients underwent a multidetector computed tomography scan demonstrating the full extent of their joints.

The Concentration of Metronidazole in the Distal Interphalangeal Joint following Intravenous Regional Limb Perfusion via the Cephalic Vein in Standing Horses.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of metronidazole in the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) of the thoracic limb after administering metronidazole to standing horses by intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP).

Methods:  Eleven healthy horses had a wide rubber tourniquet applied to the proximal aspect of the antebrachium for 0.5 hours and 500 mg of metronidazole diluted in physiologic saline solution to a total volume of 108 mL was administered by cephalic IVRLP.

Environmental mismatch and obesity in humans: The Jerusalem Perinatal Family Follow-Up Study.

Background: According to the hypothesis of Gluckman and Hanson, mismatch between the developmental and postdevelopmental environments may lead to detrimental health impacts such as obesity. While several animal studies support the mismatch theory, there is a scarcity of evidence from human-based studies.

Objectives: Our study aims to examine whether a mismatch between the developmental and young-adult environments affect obesity in young adults of the Jerusalem Perinatal Family Follow-Up Study.

Changes in Smoking Behaviour and Home-Smoking Rules during the Initial COVID-19 Lockdown Period in Israel.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused devastating impacts globally. To mitigate virus spread, Israel imposed severe restrictions during March-April 2020. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in April 2020 among current and ex-smokers to explore changes in smoking behaviour and home-smoking rules during this period.

Goals in Nutrition Science 2020-2025.

Five years ago, with the editorial board of Frontiers in Nutrition, we took a leap of faith to outline the Goals for Nutrition Science - the way we see it (1). Now, in 2020, we can put ourselves to the test and take a look back. Without a doubt we got it right with several of the key directions.

Why Switch? - Motivations for Self-Substitution of Illegal Drugs.

Self-substitution is the conscious switch from one drug to another for reasons such as price, availability, desired effect, or perceived benefit of the substitute drug. This study aimed to describe drug use patterns and motivations associated with substitution. We examined correlates of lifetime substitution among individuals with substance use disorder.

Postpartum depression and infant development up to 24 months: A nationwide population-based study.

Aims: Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common complication women experience after delivery. We aimed to examine the association of maternal PPD with delays in child development, in a population-based study, in the first two years of life.

Methods: A nation-wide population-based historical cohort study in the setting of the Mother and Child Health Clinics in Israel, where infants are routinely evaluated for growth and development.

Development and validation of a machine learning-based postpartum depression prediction model: A nationwide cohort study.

Background: Currently, postpartum depression (PPD) screening is mainly based on self-report symptom-based assessment, with lack of an objective, integrative tool which identifies women at increased risk, before the emergent of PPD. We developed and validated a machine learning-based PPD prediction model utilizing electronic health record (EHR) data, and identified novel PPD predictors.

Methods: A nationwide longitudinal cohort that included 214,359 births between January 2008 and December 2015, divided into model training and validation sets, was constructed utilizing Israel largest health maintenance organization's EHR-database.

Community Rehabilitation and Hospitalizations Among People With Chronic Psychotic Disorder: Is There a Differential Association by Co-occurring Substance Use Disorder?

Co-occurrence of chronic psychotic disorders and substance use disorder (SUD) is clinically challenging and increasingly prevalent. In 2000, legislation was passed in Israel to foster rehabilitation and integration in the community of persons with mental health disorders. In 2010, the need to allocate resources for patients with these co-occurring disorders (COD) was officially recognized.

Drop-out of medical follow-up among people living with HIV in Tel-Aviv area.

Access to HIV anti-retroviral treatment (ART) has significantly improved survival and the quality of life of people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, effective therapy necessitates high adherence to ART. The aim of this study was to identify the extent to which PLHIV in Israel were not retained in therapy and their obstacles to accessing care.