Unlocking trophectoderm mysteries: In vivo and in vitro perspectives on human and mouse trophoblast fate induction.

In recent years, the pursuit of inducing the trophoblast stem cell (TSC) state has gained prominence as a compelling research objective, illuminating the establishment of the trophoblast lineage and unlocking insights into early embryogenesis. In this review, we examine how advancements in diverse technologies, including in vivo time course transcriptomics, cellular reprogramming to TSC state, chemical induction of totipotent stem-cell-like state, and stem-cell-based embryo-like structures, have enriched our insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that define the mouse and human trophectoderm/TSC states. We delve into disparities between mouse and human trophectoderm/TSC fate establishment, with a special emphasis on the intriguing role of pluripotency in this context.

Differentiation shifts from a reversible to an irreversible heterochromatin state at the DM1 locus.

Epigenetic defects caused by hereditary or de novo mutations are implicated in various human diseases. It remains uncertain whether correcting the underlying mutation can reverse these defects in patient cells. Here we show by the analysis of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1)-related locus that in mutant human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), DNA methylation and H3K9me3 enrichments are completely abolished by repeat excision (CTG2000 expansion), whereas in patient myoblasts (CTG2600 expansion), repeat deletion fails to do so.

Considering ivermectin for treatment of schistosomiasis.

Because of recent reports of praziquantel resistance in schistosome infections, there have been suggestions to employ ivermectin as a possible alternative, especially as its chemical composition is different from that of praziquantel, so cross-resistance is not expected. In order to ascertain possible damage and elimination of worms, we used ivermectin by oral gavage in infected mice, at a high dose (30.1 mg/kg, bordering toxicity).

How effective are monthly departmental tracer surveys? A 5-year retrospective study of 138 surveys in 96 departments.

Background: Repeat department-wide surveys are commonly employed for infection control. There remains debate concerning their cost-effectivess. The aim of the study was to measure the impact of repeat department-wide surveys in major in-patient departments (IPDs) and ambulatory facilities (AFs) in a tertiary care hospital.

Peribulbar Corticosteroids for Ocular Myasthenia Gravis.

Background: Ocular myasthenia gravis is treated predominantly by oral medications, with the potential for systemic adverse effects. Successful treatment has been achieved using peribulbar dexamethasone. We assessed the effect of peribulbar dexamethasone or triamcinolone (40-mg Triesence), a longer-acting corticosteroid, targeting the peribulbar area as opposed to directly injecting the affected extraocular muscle.

The Effect of Delay Following the Clinical Decision to Perform Tracheostomy in the Critical Care Setting.

Background: Tracheostomy in patients who are critically ill is generally performed due to prolonged mechanical ventilation and expected extubation failure. However, tracheostomy criteria and ideal timing are poorly defined, including equivocal data from randomized controlled trials and median intubation to tracheostomy times that range from 7-21 d. However, a consistent finding is that only ∼50% of late tracheostomy groups actually undergo tracheostomy, with non-performance due to recovery or clinical deterioration.

[PUBLICATION TRENDS AND IMPACT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY DEPARTMENTS IN ISRAEL: SUMMARIZING OVER A DECADE OF RESEARCH WITH AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE (2011-2021)].

Background: A focused bibliographic analysis of Israel's ophthalmology research productivity has never been performed.

Objectives: To assess the research output of Israeli ophthalmology departments between the years 2011-2021 and compare to leading countries in the discipline.

Methods: The PubMed search engine was used to detect all medical articles published between the years 2011 and 2021, with at least one author from an Israeli ophthalmology department.

Home Versus Hospital Rehabilitation of Older Adults Following Hip Fracture Yields Similar Patient-Reported Outcome Measures.

The increase in hip fractures (HF) due to aging of the population and the rise in attractiveness of services provided at home following the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasize the need to compare outcomes of home versus hospital HF rehabilitation. To date, studies comparing the 2 services have focused primarily on clinical outcomes rather than patient-reported outcomes (PROs). This longitudinal observational study evaluated PROs of older adults with HF in the 2 settings.

Disclosure following a medical error: lessons learned from a national initiative of workshops with patients, healthcare teams, and executives.

Background: Despite the increase in disclosures of medical errors, transparency remains a challenge. Recognized barriers include shame, fear of litigation, disciplinary actions, and loss of patient trust. In 2018, the Israeli Ministry of Health initiated a series of workshops about disclosure of medical errors.

A Biotinylated cpFIT-PNA Platform for the Facile Detection of Drug Resistance to Artemisinin in .

The evolution of drug resistance to many antimalarial drugs in the lethal strain of malaria () has been a great concern over the past 50 years. Among these drugs, artemisinin has become less effective for treating malaria. Indeed, several variants have become resistant to this drug, as elucidated by specific mutations in the pfK13 gene.

Gradual dosing of ursodeoxycholic acid in mothers with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy may improve composite neonatal outcome.

Introduction And Objectives: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is often accompanied by fetal and maternal complications.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of the clinical course of women with ICP and their neonates treated at our medical center over a 10-year period. Special attention was paid to the maternal and neonatal response to 2 different modes of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) administration.

Photobiomodulation alleviates Burning Mouth Syndrome pain: Immediate and weekly outcomes explored.

Unlabelled: Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is an intraoral chronic burning or dysesthetic sensation, without clinically evident causative lesions on clinical examination and investigation.

Aim: To assess immediate and weekly effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on BMS patients.

Methods: Thirty BMS patients were treated intra-orally with photobiomodulation 940(±10) nm (InGaAsP) 3 W, semi-conductor diode, weekly, for up to 10 weeks.

Effect of Orthognathic Surgery on Pre-existing Temporomandibular Disorders.

The management of patients with pre-existing temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) undergoing orthognathic surgery remains a subject of ongoing debate. This study aimed to profile these individuals and evaluate the correlation between orthognathic surgery and alterations in TMD indicators and symptoms. We conducted a retrospective cohort investigation involving patients with skeletal malocclusion and established TMDs.

Soft Tissue Conduction Activates the Auditory Pathway in the Brain.

Soft tissue conduction is a mode of hearing which differs from air and bone conduction since the soft tissues of the body convey the audio-frequency vibrations to the ear. It is elicited by inducing soft tissue vibrations with an external vibrator applied to sites on the body or by intrinsic vibrations resulting from vocalization or the heartbeat. However, the same external vibrator applied to the skin sites also excites cutaneous mechanoreceptors, and attempts have been made to assist patients with hearing loss by audio-tactile substitution.

Transcription complexes recruit a chaperone to perform cotranscriptional processing of tRNA.

Leone et al. reveal that Pol III transcription complexes recruit a chaperone, HSP70, to execute cotranscriptional cleavage of precursor tRNA. HSP70 binds to the polymerase and translocates to nascent precursor tRNA and then tRNA.

An epidemiological survey of COVID-19 serology and its association with clinical infection among older adults- does antibody titer matter?

Background: Older adults are at increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study we assessed the response to COVID-19 vaccination and infection rates among nursing homes (NH) and assisted-living care home (ALCH) residents.

Methods: The study was conducted between August 2021 and January 2022, after widespread population vaccination with the third dose of Pfizer-BioNtech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in Israel.

Unveiling denture-induced oral lesions: A comprehensive study on classification and pain assessment.

Background: Denture-induced oral Lesions (DIOLs) often manifests shortly after the placement or adjustment of new or realigned dentures, frequently resulting in severe pain and discomfort.

Objectives: This study aimed to classify DIOLs placing a particular emphasis on assessing the associated pain.

Methods: A prospective case study was conducted involving 126 patients who were fitted with a total of 193 dentures of various types at the Hadassah School of Dental Medicine.