Multitargeting Pt(IV) Derivatives of Cisplatin or Oxaliplatin Inhibit Tumor Growth in Mice without Inducing Neuropathic Pain.

Cisplatin and oxaliplatin are Pt(II) anticancer agents that are used to treat several cancers, usually in combination with other drugs. Their efficacy is diminished by dose-limiting peripheral neuropathy (PN) that affects ∼70% of patients. PN is caused by selective accumulation of the platinum drugs in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), which overexpress transporters for cisplatin and oxaliplatin.

Co-Designing Case Scenarios and Survey Strategies to Examine the Classification and Reporting of Restrictive Care Practices in Adult Mental Health Inpatient Settings: Perspectives From International Stakeholders.

There is a global initiative to reduce the use of restrictive care practices in mental health settings. Variations in the reported rates across regions complicate the understanding of their use and tracking trends over time. However, it remains unclear whether these discrepancies reflect real differences in the implementation of these practices or are sourced from inconsistencies in incident classification and reporting methods.

Glycemic control contributes to the neuroprotective effects of Mediterranean and green-Mediterranean diets on brain age: the DIRECT PLUS brain-magnetic resonance imaging randomized controlled trial.

Background: We recently reported that Mediterranean (MED) and green-MED diets significantly attenuated age-related brain atrophy by ∼50% within 18 mo.

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the contribution of specific diet-induced parameters to brain-volume deviation from chronologic age.

Methods: A post hoc analysis of the 18-mo DIRECT PLUS trial, where participants were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) healthy dietary guidelines, 2) MED diet, or 3) green-MED diet, high in polyphenols, and low in red meat.

Age-dependent decrease in inhibitory drive on the excitatory superficial spinal dorsal horn neurons.

The excitatory and inhibitory interneurons of superficial laminae I-II of the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) receive and process pain-related information from the primary afferents and transmit it to the brain via the projection neurons. Thus, the interaction between excitatory and inhibitory SDH interneurons is crucial in determining the output from the spinal cord network. Disruption of this interaction in pathological conditions leads to increased SDH output to the higher brain centers, which could underlie pathological pain.

Kinesin family member 2A gates nociception.

Nociceptive axons undergo remodeling as they innervate their targets during development and in response to environmental insults and pathological conditions. How is nociceptive morphogenesis regulated? Here, we show that the microtubule destabilizer kinesin family member 2A (Kif2a) is a key regulator of nociceptive terminal structures and pain sensitivity. Ablation of Kif2a in sensory neurons causes hyperinnervation and hypersensitivity to noxious stimuli in young adult mice, whereas touch sensitivity and proprioception remain unaffected.

A 10-year comparison of short versus long-term court-ordered psychiatric hospitalization: a follow-up study.

Background: The Israel Mental Health Act of 1991 stipulates a process for court-ordered involuntary psychiatric hospitalization. As in many Western countries, this process is initiated when an individual is deemed "not criminally responsible by reason of mental disorder (NCR-MD)" or "incompetent to stand trial (IST)." A patient thus hospitalized may be discharged by the district psychiatric committee (DPC).

Epidural Analgesia for Labour: Comparing the Effects of Continuous Epidural Infusion (CEI) and Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus (PIEB) on Obstetric Outcomes.

Objective: In the last few years there is a trend of transiting from the continuous epidural infusion (CEI) method for epidural analgesia to a new method - programmed intermittent epidural analgesia (PIEB). This change improves the quality of epidural analgesia, thanks to an increased spread of the anaesthetic in the epidural space and higher maternal satisfaction. Nevertheless, we must make sure that such change of method does not lead to worse obstetric and neonatal outcomes.

Neonatal intensive care admission for term neonates and subsequent childhood mortality: a retrospective linkage study.

Background: Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission among term neonates is a rare event. The aim of this study was to study the association of the NICU admission of term neonates on the risk of long-term childhood mortality.

Methods: A single-center case-control retrospective study between 2005 and 2019, including all in-hospital ≥ 37 weeks' gestation singleton live-born neonates.

Pre-intubation ventilation device for bearded patients: prospective, randomized, crossover trial in anesthetized patients.

Having a beard is an independent predictor of difficult ventilation by face mask. This study evaluates the efficacy of a novel intra-oral Bag-Valve-Guedel Adaptor (BVGA) in anaesthetized bearded patients. Patients with ASA score 1-2, scheduled for elective surgery, were recruited for this prospective, crossover trial.

Efficacy of oral versus long-acting antipsychotic treatment in patients with early-phase schizophrenia in Europe and Israel: a large-scale, open-label, randomised trial (EULAST).

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with periods of remission and relapse. As discontinuation of antipsychotic medication is the most important reason for relapse, long-term maintenance treatment is key. Whether intramuscular long-acting (depot) antipsychotics are more efficacious than oral medication in preventing medication discontinuation is still unresolved.

Structural plasticity of axon initial segment in spinal cord neurons underlies inflammatory pain.

Physiological or pathology-mediated changes in neuronal activity trigger structural plasticity of the action potential generation site-the axon initial segment (AIS). These changes affect intrinsic neuronal excitability, thus tuning neuronal and overall network output. Using behavioral, immunohistochemical, electrophysiological, and computational approaches, we characterized inflammation-related AIS plasticity in rat's superficial (lamina II) spinal cord dorsal horn (SDH) neurons and established how AIS plasticity regulates the activity of SDH neurons, thus contributing to pain hypersensitivity.

Does ultrasound guidance during dilation and curettage for first trimester missed abortion reduce complication rates?

Background: Dilation and curettage (D&C) may be performed with or without transabdominal ultrasound guidance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the use of ultrasound guidance during D&C for first trimester missed abortion (MA) and D&C related complication rates.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study included women in the age of 20-45 years, who underwent D&C for first-trimester MA in a hospital-based setting between 2013-2019.

Encoding of inflammatory hyperalgesia in mouse spinal cord.

Inflammation modifies the input-output properties of peripheral nociceptive neurons such that the same stimulus produces enhanced nociceptive firing. This increased nociceptive output enters the superficial dorsal spinal cord (SDH), an intricate neuronal network composed largely of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons and a small percentage of projection neurons. The SDH network comprises the first central nervous system network integrating noxious information.

Intensive Care Unit Caregivers Perception of Patient Discomfort: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Being hospitalized in an intensive care unit ICU often involves pain and discomfort. While pain is commonly alleviated with analgesics, discomfort is more difficult to diagnose and treat, thus potentially leading to incorrect analgesic administration.

Aim: To describe intensive care unit practitioners' perceptions of discomfort in the ICU, and their methods to discern between pain and non-pain discomfort.

Development and External Validation of a Model Predicting New-Onset Chronic Uveitis at Different Disease Durations in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Objective: To develop and externally validate a prediction model for new-onset chronic uveitis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) for clinical application.

Methods: Data from the international Pharmachild registry were used to develop a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. Predictors were selected by backward selection, and missing values were handled by multiple imputation.

Case Series of Myocarditis Following mRNA COVID Vaccine Compared to Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome: Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Since the development of COVID-19 vaccines, more than 4.8 billion people have been immunized worldwide. Soon after vaccinations were initiated, reports on cases of myocarditis following the second vaccine dose emerged.

Corticotropin Releasing Factor Mediates K3.1 Inhibition, Hyperexcitability, and Seizures in Acquired Epilepsy.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most common focal seizure disorder in adults, can be instigated in experimental animals by convulsant-induced status epilepticus (SE). Principal hippocampal neurons from SE-experienced epileptic male rats (post-SE neurons) display markedly augmented spike output compared with neurons from nonepileptic animals (non-SE neurons). This enhanced firing results from a cAMP-dependent protein kinase A-mediated inhibition of K3.

Elevated brain-derived cell-free DNA among patients with first psychotic episode - a proof-of-concept study.

Schizophrenia is a common, severe, and debilitating psychiatric disorder. Despite extensive research there is as yet no biological marker that can aid in its diagnosis and course prediction. This precludes early detection and intervention.

Application of Prospect Theory in Obstetrics by Evaluating Mode of Delivery and Outcomes in Neonates Born Small or Appropriate for Gestational Age.

Importance: Antenatal diagnosis of fetal weight is challenging, and the detection rate of fetal growth restriction (FGR) is low. Neonates with FGR are known to have an increased rate of obstetric intervention during labor, but the association of antenatal fetal weight estimation with mode of delivery and neonatal outcomes among neonates who are small and appropriate for gestational age (SGA and AGA) has not been reported.

Objective: To evaluate the association of antenatal fetal weight estimation with mode of delivery and neonatal outcomes among neonates who are SGA and AGA, applying psychological concepts of cognitive bias and prospect theory to a model of clinical behavior.

Long-Standing Corneal Edema and Endothelial Decompensation due to Ecballium elaterium.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the most severe documented ocular injury caused by Ecballium elaterium , an invasive and toxic herb characterized by an explosive seed dispersal.

Methods: A 55-year-old man presented to the emergency department several hours after direct exposure to the contents of E. elaterium to his left eye.

Primary risk stratification for neonatal jaundice among term neonates using machine learning algorithm.

Background: Neonatal jaundice occurs in approximately 60% of term newborns. Although risk factors for neonatal jaundice have been studied, all the suggested strategies are based on various newborn tests for bilirubin levels. We aim to stratify neonates into risk groups for clinically significant neonatal jaundice using a combined data analysis approach, without serum bilirubin evaluation.

The effect of a high-polyphenol Mediterranean diet (Green-MED) combined with physical activity on age-related brain atrophy: the Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial Polyphenols Unprocessed Study (DIRECT PLUS).

Background: The effect of diet on age-related brain atrophy is largely unproven.

Objectives: We aimed to explore the effect of a Mediterranean diet (MED) higher in polyphenols and lower in red/processed meat (Green-MED diet) on age-related brain atrophy.

Methods: This 18-mo clinical trial longitudinally measured brain structure volumes by MRI using hippocampal occupancy score (HOC) and lateral ventricle volume (LVV) expansion score as neurodegeneration markers.

Anxiety and pain perception using a speculum-free eyelid retraction technique for intravitreal injection.

Purpose: This study compared pain and anxiety levels in individuals receiving intravitreal injections (IVIs) using a speculum-free injection technique, the lid splinting eyelid retraction technique, or using a speculum.

Methods: This was a prospective study of individuals receiving IVI at a single tertiary care medical center who responded to a questionnaire and visual analog scale (VAS) between December 2019 and January 2020. In one group, a speculum was used prior to injection, whereas in the other group, a speculum-free injection technique was used.