Toripalimab Plus Chemotherapy as a First-Line Therapy for Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Phase 3 EXTENTORCH Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) have poor prognoses and unmet medical needs.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of toripalimab plus etoposide and platinum-based chemotherapy (EP) vs placebo plus EP as a first-line treatment for patients with ES-SCLC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 randomized clinical trial (EXTENTORCH study) enrolled patients from September 26, 2019, to May 20, 2021, and was conducted at 49 sites in China.

Multi-level digital-twin models of pulmonary mechanics: correlation analysis of 3D CT lung volume and 2D Chest motion.

Creating multi-level digital-twin models for mechanical ventilation requires a detailed estimation of regional lung volume. An accurate generic map between 2D chest surface motion and 3D regional lung volume could provide improved regionalisation and clinically acceptable estimates localising lung damage. This work investigates the relationship between CT lung volumes and the forced vital capacity (FVC) a surrogate of tidal volume proven linked to 2D chest motion.

Phase II study of enlonstobart (SG001), a novel PD-1 inhibitor in patients with PD-L1 positive recurrent/metastatic cervical cancer.

Background: Platinum-based chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab is the first-line treatment for patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer (r/mCC), and the treatment options are limited for r/mCC after first-line treatment. Enlonstobart (SG001) is a fully humanized and high-affinity anti-PD-1 immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody. Previous phase Ib study demonstrated that SG001 had a promising efficacy in patients with PD-L1 positive r/mCC.

Pairwise machine learning-based automatic diagnostic platform utilizing CT images and clinical information for predicting radiotherapy locoregional recurrence in elderly esophageal cancer patients.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of predicting locoregional recurrence (LR) in elderly patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) who underwent radical radiotherapy using a pairwise machine learning algorithm.

Methods: The 130 datasets enrolled were randomly divided into a training set and a testing set in a 7:3 ratio. Clinical factors were included and radiomics features were extracted from pretreatment CT scans using pyradiomics-based software, and a pairwise naive Bayes (NB) model was developed.

Hypoxia-induced TMTC3 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma potentiates tumor angiogenesis through Rho GTPase/STAT3/VEGFA pathway.

Background: Hypoxia is one of most typical features in the tumor microenvironment of solid tumor and an inducer of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and HIF-1α functions as a key transcription factor regulator to promote tumor angiogenesis in the adaptive response to hypoxia. Increasing evidence has suggested that hypoxia plays an important regulatory role of ER homeostasis. We previously identified TMTC3 as an ER stress mediator under nutrient-deficiency condition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the molecular mechanism in hypoxia is still unclear.

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma: a case report and literature review.

Background: Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (PSP) is a rare lung tumor that is mostly isolated and commonly reported among middle-aged East Asian women. Recently, Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis has suggested that PSP is of primitive epithelial origin, most likely derived from type II alveolar air cells. Patients with PSP are generally asymptomatic and usually detected for other unrelated reasons during routine imaging.

Sintilimab plus chemotherapy for patients with EGFR-mutated non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer with disease progression after EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitor therapy (ORIENT-31): second interim analysis from a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

Background: In the first interim analysis of the ORIENT-31 trial, compared with chemotherapy alone, sintilimab plus bevacizumab biosimilar IBI305 plus chemotherapy (pemetrexed and cisplatin) significantly improved progression-free survival in patients with EGFR-mutated non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who progressed on EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitor treatment. However, the benefit of anti-PD-1 or PD-L1 antibody added to chemotherapy in this patient population remains unclear, with no prospective evidence from phase 3 trials globally. We report the results from the prespecified second interim analysis of progression-free survival between sintilimab plus chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone, the updated results of sintilimab plus IBI305 plus chemotherapy, and preliminary overall survival results.

Computed-tomography-based radiomic nomogram for predicting the risk of indeterminate small (5-20 mm) solid pulmonary nodules.

Purpose: This study aims to develop a diagnostic model that combines computed tomography (CT) images and radiomic features to differentiate indeterminate small (5-20 mm) solid pulmonary nodules (SSPNs).

Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled 413 patients who had had SSPNs surgically removed and histologically confirmed between 2017 and 2019. The SSPNs included solid malignant pulmonary nodules (n = 210) and benign pulmonary nodules (n = 203).

The characteristic of nonmotor symptoms with different phenotypes and onsets in multiple system atrophy patients.

Objectives: The characteristic of nonmotor symptoms in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) has varied among previous studies. The objective was to investigatethe nonmotor characteristics in MSA patients with different phenotypes, sex and different onset patterns.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 1492 MSA patients.

Application of radiomics in predicting the preoperative risk stratification of gastric stromal tumors.

PURPOSE The stomach is the most common site of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). In this study, clinical model, radiomics models, and nomogram were constructed to compare and assess the clinical value of each model in predicting the preoperative risk stratification of gastric stromal tumors (GSTs). METHODS In total, 180 patients with GSTs confirmed postoperatively pathologically were included.

Development and validation of outcome prediction models for acute kidney injury patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy.

Object: This study aimed to develop and validate a set of practical predictive tools that reliably estimate the 28-day prognosis of acute kidney injury patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy.

Methods: The clinical data of acute kidney injury patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database with structured query language and used as the development cohort. An all-subset regression was used for the model screening.

A Novel ER Stress Mediator TMTC3 Promotes Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression by Activating GRP78/PERK Signaling Pathway.

During tumor progression, tumor cells are exposed to various stress conditions, which result in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore ER homeostasis. Accumulating evidence reported the orchestrating role of ER stress in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress, but the detailed mechanism was unclear. Here, we identified ectopic expression of TMTC3 in cells undergoing ER stress and verified the association with EMT markers through the cellular model of ER stress and database analysis.

Sintilimab plus bevacizumab biosimilar IBI305 and chemotherapy for patients with EGFR-mutated non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer who progressed on EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitor therapy (ORIENT-31): first interim results from a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3 trial.

Background: VEGF inhibitors can enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, despite high initial response rates, almost all patients eventually develop treatment resistance to EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sintilimab with or without IBI305 plus pemetrexed and cisplatin, compared with pemetrexed and cisplatin alone, for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had disease progression after receiving EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitor therapy.

TRIM29 is differentially expressed in colorectal cancers of different primary locations and affects survival by regulating tumor immunity based on retrospective study and bioinformatics analysis.

Background: In colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, different primary tumor locations caused distinct prognosis and clinicopathological features. It is necessary to identify specific tumor markers according tumor site. Our previous work has identified differentially expressed genes between CRC and adjacent normal tissues, in which only TRIM29 was differently expressed between right colon cancer (RCC) and left colon cancer (LCC) patients.

Prevalence and anatomical characteristics of subsuperior segment in lung lower lobe.

Objective: The subsuperior segment is an atypical pulmonary segment of the lung lower lobe. With the increased application of segmentectomy, it has received increased attention from thoracic surgeons. Studies of the subsuperior segment are scarce and mostly on the basis of small-sample autopsy studies, whose described characteristics are inconsistent with intraoperative observations.

Indeterminate pulmonary subsolid nodules in patients with no history of cancer: growing prediction, CT pattern, and pathological diagnosis.

PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate and compare the growth patterns among pathological types of inde- terminate subsolid nodules in patients without a history of cancer as observed on computed tomography (CT). METHODS This retrospective study included 77 consecutive patients with 80 indeterminate subsolid nod- ules on unenhanced thin-section CT. Subsolid nodules were classified into 2 growth pattern groups based on volume: growth (n = 35) and non-growth (n = 42).

A Nomogram Model for Evaluating the Risk of Lymph Node Metastasis in cT2-cT4N0M0 Gastric Cancer Population.

BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an important treatment for advanced gastric cancer, but it has been unclear whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy is closely related to lymph node metastasis. Therefore, based on the disease characteristics of the cT2-cT4N0M0 gastric cancer population, this study established a nomogram prediction model of lymph node metastasis risk in this gastric cancer population to help clinicians optimize clinical decision-making. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed the data of 336 patients with advanced gastric cancer with CT imaging stage of cT2-cT4N0M0 admitted to the Third Department of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 2015 to 2021.

Effect of taking aspirin before diagnosis on the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and analysis of prognostic factors.

Objective: The 5-year survival rate of patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is very low. However, long-term aspirin use has been suggested to have an adjuvant therapeutic effect. We therefore investigated the effect of long-term aspirin use before ESCC diagnosis on postoperative patient survival.

Impact of central venous pressure on the mortality of patients with sepsis-related acute kidney injury: a propensity score-matched analysis based on the MIMIC IV database.

Background: Sepsis has long been a life-threatening organ dysfunction. Sepsis associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is an important complication of sepsis, as an important hemodynamic index, the impact of central venous pressure (CVP) on sepsis patients needs to be explored. Thus this study aimed to investigate the relationship between CVP and the mortality of SA-AKI.

Levosimendan protects from sepsis-inducing cardiac dysfunction by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress and regulating cardiac mitophagy via the PINK-1-Parkin pathway in mice.

Background: Sepsis is a leading cause of death in China, the mortality rate of which is elevated when cardiac dysfunction is induced. Levosimendan is used for the treatment of decompensated cardiac failure. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of levosimendan in the inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitophagic response of the septic heart.

CircRNA ZNF609 promotes the growth and metastasis of thyroid cancer and by downregulating miR-514a-5p.

Thyroid cancer (TC) often manifests in the form of a painless cervical mass or nodule and continues to increase in incidence. Currently, much less is known about its pathogenesis in TC cells. This study sought to figure out what role the circular RNA (circRNA) ZNF609/miR-514a-5p might play in TC development and metastasis.

Long non-coding RNA GHET1 promotes thyroid cancer cell proliferation and invasion.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the role of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) gastric carcinoma proliferation-enhancing transcript 1 (GHET1) on thyroid cancer (TC) behavior .

Methods: TC tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues were obtained after surgical excision from 43 patients with TC. The expression of LncRNA GHET1 was analyzed by real-time (RT) PCR.

Outer Membrane Vesicles Secreted by Transmitting Gastric Pathogenic Virulence Factors.

() is known to be a major pathogen causing gastric diseases through its direct localization in gastric epithelium cells. releases outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) throughout the growth process. The content, function, and mechanism of OMVs in gastric epithelial cells remain unclear.