Comparative transcriptome and hormone analyses of roots in apple among three rootstocks with different rooting abilities.

Background: Root plays an important role in the growth and development of fruit trees; however, the molecular mechanisms behind the differences among rootstock varie-ties remain unclear.

Methods: This study examined the effects of different rootstocks on root structure and the endogenous hormone content of 1-year old apple seedlings in combinations of Tianhong 2 (T2)/ (HT), T2/G935, and T2/Jizhen 2 (J2).

Results: The results showed that the T2/HT treatment had greater root length, surface area, volume, average diameter, tips and forks, followed by G935 and J2.

Exogenous melatonin improves germination rate in buckwheat under high temperature stress by regulating seed physiological and biochemical characteristics.

The germinations of three common buckwheat () varieties and two Tartary buckwheat () varieties seeds are known to be affected by high temperature. However, little is known about the physiological mechanism affecting germination and the effect of melatonin (MT) on buckwheat seed germination under high temperature. This work studied the effects of exogenous MT on buckwheat seed germination under high temperature.

Detection of fungicide resistance to fludioxonil and tebuconazole in , the causal agent of Fusarium crown rot in wheat.

crown rot (FCR) on wheat is a soil-borne disease that affects the yield and quality of the produce. In 2020, 297 isolates were isolated from diseased FCR wheat samples from eight regional areas across Hebei Province in China. Baseline sensitivity of to fludioxonil (0.

Genome-wide investigation and expression pattern of family genes in cotton under low phosphorus stress.

Phosphorus starvation response (PHR) protein is an important transcription factor in phosphorus regulatory network, which plays a vital role in regulating the effective utilization of phosphorus. So far, the genes have not been systematically investigated in cotton. In the present study, we have identified 22, 23, 41 and 42 genes in , , and , respectively.

Identification and expression analysis of maize subunit genes.

encode subunits of the nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) gene family. s represent a kind of conservative transcription factor in plants and are involved in plant growth and development, as well as resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. In this study, 16 maize () subunit genes were identified using bioinformatics methods, and they were divided into three categories by a phylogenetic analysis.

Recent advances in methods for root phenotyping.

Roots assist plants in absorbing water and nutrients from soil. Thus, they are vital to the survival of nearly all land plants, considering that plants cannot move to seek optimal environmental conditions. Crop species with optimal root system are essential for future food security and key to improving agricultural productivity and sustainability.

Exogenous melatonin improves salt stress adaptation of cotton seedlings by regulating active oxygen metabolism.

Melatonin is a small-molecule indole hormone that plays an important role in participating in biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Melatonin has been confirmed to promote the normal development of plants under adversity stress by mediating physiological regulation mechanisms. However, the mechanisms by which exogenous melatonin mediates salt tolerance via regulation of antioxidant activity and osmosis in cotton seedlings remain largely unknown.

Melatonin improves the germination rate of cotton seeds under drought stress by opening pores in the seed coat.

The germination of cotton ( L.) seeds is affected by drought stress; however, little is known about the physiological mechanism affecting germination and the effect of melatonin (MT) on cotton seed germination under drought stress. Therefore, we studied the effects of exogenous MT on the antioxidant capacity and epidermal microstructure of cotton under drought stress.

Evaluation of leaf rust resistance in the Chinese wheat cultivar 'Een1'.

Wheat cultivar Een1, 34 near isogenic lines (NILs), and two cultivars were used as plant materials to evaluate the resistance of Een1 to leaf rust disease. Infection type identification and gene postulation were carried out by inoculation of 12 Chinese () pathotypes. Based on the unique phenotype of Een1, we speculated that Een1 might carry gene(s) different from the tested ones.

In silico analysis of maize HDACs with an emphasis on their response to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are key epigenetic factors in regulating chromatin structure and gene expression in multiple aspects of plant growth, development, and response to abiotic or biotic stresses. Many studies on systematic analysis and molecular function of HDACs in and rice have been conducted. However, systematic analysis of HDAC gene family and gene expression in response to abiotic and biotic stresses has not yet been reported.

Human disturbance caused stronger influences on global vegetation change than climate change.

Global vegetation distribution has been influenced by human disturbance and climate change. The past vegetation changes were studied in numerous studies while few studies had addressed the relative contributions of human disturbance and climate change on vegetation change. To separate the influences of human disturbance and climate change on the vegetation changes, we compared the existing vegetation which indicates the vegetation distribution under human influences with the potential vegetation which reflects the vegetation distribution without human influences.

Genome-wide analysis reveals four key transcription factors associated with cadmium stress in creeping bentgrass ( L.).

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity seriously affects the growth and development of plants, so studies on uptake, translocation, and accumulation of Cd in plants are crucial for phytoremediation. However, the molecular mechanism of the plant response to Cd stress remains poorly understood. The main objective of this study was to reveal differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under lower (BT2_5) and higher (BT43) Cd concentration treatments in creeping bentgrass.