The AMPK-mTOR Pathway Is Inhibited by Chaihu Shugan Powder, Which Relieves Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Suppressing Autophagic Ferroptosis.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the advanced stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is distinguished by the accumulation of fat in the liver, damage to liver cells, and inflammation. Chaihu Shugan powder (CSP), a renowned traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) blend extensively utilized in China to address liver disease, has demonstrated its efficacy in reducing lipid buildup and effectively combating inflammation. Hence, the primary objective of this research is to examine the impacts and possible mechanisms of CSP on NASH through assessments of liver histopathology, lipidomic analysis, and gene expression.

Rotenone and Its Derivative, Rotenoisin A, Induce Neurodegeneration Differentially in SH-SY5Y Cells.

Rotenone (ROT), the most significant rotenoid, which has shown anticancer activity, has also been reported to be toxic to normal cells, inducing Parkinson's disease (PD)-like neuronal loss with aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn). To reduce the adverse effects of ROT, its derivative, rotenoisin A (ROA), is obtained by directly irradiating a ROT solution in methanol using γ-rays, which has been reported for potential anticancer properties. However, its PD-inducing effects have not yet been researched or reported.

Prefrontal cortical synaptoproteome profile combined with machine learning predicts resilience towards chronic social isolation in rats.

Chronic social isolation (CSIS) of rats serves as an animal model of depression and generates CSIS-resilient and CSIS-susceptible phenotypes. We aimed to investigate the prefrontal cortical synaptoproteome profile of CSIS-resilient, CSIS-susceptible, and control rats to delineate biochemical pathways and predictive biomarker proteins characteristic for the resilient phenotype. A sucrose preference test was performed to distinguish rat phenotypes.

Effect of BAFF blockade on the B cell receptor repertoire and transcriptome in a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease. Anti-B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) therapy effectively depletes B cells and reduces SLE disease activity. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of BAFF blockade on B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire and gene expression.

Negative Regulation of Cathepsins by β-Amyloid.

Genome wide association study (GWAS) uncovered Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk genes linked to the endo-lysosomal pathway. This pathway seems to be the gateway of protein aggregates, such as tau and α-synuclein, to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, we and others reported that the amyloid precursor protein (APP) C99 is predominantly processed by γ-secretase in the endo-lysosomal compartments, and β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides are enriched in the same subcellular loci.

Development and evaluation of a bivalent vaccine based on recombinant newcastle disease virus expressing infectious bursal disease virus VP2L-CH3-CH4 in SPF chickens.

Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bursal disease (IBD) are two viral infectious diseases that are extremely damaging to the poultry industry and are widespread throughout the world. It is necessary to develop a safe and effective vaccine against IBD and ND because vaccination is an effective preventive measure. It has been discovered that recombinant proteins expressed by an expression system in which a fragment of mammalian Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fragment crystallizable (Fc) is linked to a segment of a gene have antibody-like properties that increase the exogenous protein's serum half-life.

Vitamin D3 Exerts Beneficial Effects on C2C12 Myotubes through Activation of the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR)/Sirtuins (SIRT)1/3 Axis.

The onset of sarcopenia is associated with a decline in vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression, wherein reduced VDR levels contribute to muscle atrophy, while heightened expression promotes muscle hypertrophy. Like VDR, the age-related decline in protein deacetylase sirtuin (SIRT) expression is linked to the development of sarcopenia and age-related muscle dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate whether the VDR agonist 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25VD3) exerts beneficial effects on muscles through interactions with sirtuins and, if so, the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Transgenic Mice Expressing Functional TCRs Specific to Cardiac Myhc-α 334-352 on Both CD4 and CD8 T Cells Are Resistant to the Development of Myocarditis on C57BL/6 Genetic Background.

Myocarditis is a predominant cause of congestive heart failure and sudden death in children and young adolescents that can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy. Lymphocytic myocarditis mediated by T cells can result from the recognition of cardiac antigens that may involve CD4 or CD8 T cells or both. In this report, we describe the generation of T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice on a C57BL/6 genetic background specific to cardiac myosin heavy chain (Myhc)-α 334-352 and make the following observations: First, we verified that Myhc-α 334-352 was immunogenic in wild-type C57BL/6 mice and induced antigen-specific CD4 T cell responses despite being a poor binder of IA; however, the immunized animals developed only mild myocarditis.

Cathepsin S activity controls chronic stress-induced muscle atrophy and dysfunction in mice.

Exposure to chronic psychological stress (CPS) is an intractable risk factor for inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Lysosomal cysteinyl cathepsins play an important role in human pathobiology. Given that cathepsin S (CTSS) is upregulated in the stressed vascular and adipose tissues, we investigated whether CTSS participates in chronic stress-induced skeletal muscle mass loss and dysfunction, with a special focus on muscle protein metabolic imbalance and apoptosis.

Resveratrol attenuated high intensity exercise training-induced inflammation and ferroptosis via Nrf2/FTH1/GPX4 pathway in intestine of mice.

Background: Moderate exercise has beneficial effects for human health and is helpful for the protection against several diseases. However, high intensity exercise training caused gastrointestinal syndrome. Resveratrol, a plant extract, plays a vital role in protecting various organs.

Separate Gut Plasma Cell Populations Produce Auto-Antibodies against Transglutaminase 2 and Transglutaminase 3 in Dermatitis Herpetiformis.

Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an inflammatory skin disorder often considered as an extra intestinal manifestation of celiac disease (CeD). Hallmarks of CeD and DH are auto-antibodies to transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and transglutaminase 3 (TG3), respectively. DH patients have auto-antibodies reactive with both transglutaminase enzymes.

Discordance of light chain isotypes between serum and glomerular deposits in proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposits (PGNMID) is a disease entity with nonorganized granular glomerular deposition with monoclonal proteins of both heavy and light chains. Dysproteinemia was observed in only 30% of the patients with PGNMID. We herein report a case of PGNMID with discrepancy between serum and glomerular deposits.

Combined polymorphisms involving the IgG heavy chain and Fc gamma receptors among Fulani and non-Fulani in Benin: implications for the natural protection of young Fulani against Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections.

A decreased susceptibility of Fulani populations to malaria infections has been shown in Africa. A previous longitudinal cohort study conducted in the Atacora region of northern Benin showed a high merozoite-phagocytosis capacity in young Fulani. Here, we explored the combined polymorphisms in the constant region of the IgG3 heavy chain (presence/absence of the G3m6 allotype) and in Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) as potentially involved in the natural protection against malaria of young Fulani in Benin.