Drug Development.

Women account for almost two-thirds of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases, yet evidence significantly less clinical benefit from recently deployed amyloid-lowering therapies. To close this disparity gap, there is an urgent need to identify biological drivers of sex differences in the manifestation and clinical response to AD therapeutics. A recent review of multi-omic studies of AD reported >75% of studies showed female-specific changes at the molecular level (vs.

Drug Development.

Background: Aerobic exercise may positively affect brain health, although relationships with cognitive change are mixed. This likely is due to individual differences in the systemic physiological response to exercise. However, the acute effects of exercise on brain metabolism and biomarker responses are not well characterized in older adults or cognitively impaired individuals.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Responses to individualized music in people living with dementia can be indicated by both verbal and non-verbal cues. Evidence suggests that elevated pupil dilation responses to familiar vs. unfamiliar music are preserved in people living with typical Alzheimer's disease (tAD), and to an extent in people with its atypical 'visual' variant (Posterior Cortical Atrophy; PCA) (Brotherhood et al.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: The deficit of unawareness of cognitive impairment (cognitive anosognosia) is known to be associated with adverse health outcomes, caregiver burden, and worse cognitive outcomes. A better understanding of cognitive self-awareness and the ability to self-judge cognitive performance among the general population would enable a rational design of cognitive screening and improve how subjective cognitive decline and self-reported errors at tasks like medication administration are interpreted.

Method: Participants were enrolled in the Framingham Heart Study, which is a community-based cohort with three generations of participants.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Changes in sleep patterns are common in Alzheimer's disease and impact the quality of life of both people living with Alzheimer's (PLWA) and their caregivers. Longitudinal recordings and assessment of night-to-night variations in sleep and physiology can improve our understanding of how sleep influences clinical outcomes and caregiver wellbeing.

Method: We collected sleep diary and contactless sleep technology data (Withings sleep analyser, WSA) in community dwelling PLWA (N = 16, Age = 72.

Dementia Care Practice.

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) of dementia are a heterogenous group of non-cognitive symptoms and behaviors that occur in up to 90% of individuals with the condition. Characterizing NPS is a major issue and current methods are unreliable as they rely on subjective observations. Automatic identification of behaviors using central and peripheral physiological markers may be helpful to detect behaviors, allow for early intervention, and prevent critical incidents in patients with dementia.

Dementia Care Practice.

Background: The Republic of Armenia is a post-Soviet, low- and middle-income country (LMIC) in the south Caucasus region with a steadily increasing aging population. The goal of this study was to provide the first look into the national cognitive health in Armenia, considering the growing burden of cognitive impairment (CI) and widespread lack of public awareness about dementia. As a component of the early detection memory screening program launched by Alzheimer's Care Armenia's Brain Health Project and funded through Davos Alzheimer's Collaborative (DAC), this study aimed to understand the prevalence of CI and associated factors across the adult population.

Impact of Heart Transplant Allocation Changes on Waitlist Mortality and Clinical Practice in Pediatric and Adult Patients With Congenital Heart Disease and Cardiomyopathy.

Background: The United Network of Organ Sharing made changes to the priority for allocation of hearts for transplantation (HT) in 2016 for pediatric patients and 2018 for adult patients. Although recent work has evaluated the impact of the revised allocation systems on mechanical circulatory support practices and waitlist outcomes, there are limited data that focus more specifically on the impact of the allocation changes on patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) or cardiomyopathy and how these relationships might differ in pediatric and adult patients.

Methods: The United Network of Organ Sharing database was queried for pediatric (<18 years of age) and adult (18-50 years of age) patients with a CHD or cardiomyopathy diagnosis listed for HT.

Assessment of Atrial Size, Shape, and Contractility in Growth-Restricted and Small-for-Gestational-Age Fetuses.

Objectives: The size, shape, and contractility of the heart's atrial chambers have not been evaluated in fetuses with growth restriction (FGR) or who are small-for-gestational-age (SGA) as defined by the Delphi consensus protocol. This study aimed to examine the atrial chambers using speckle tracking analysis to identify any changes that may be specific for either growth disturbance.

Methods: Sixty-three fetuses were evaluated with an estimated fetal weight <10th percentile who were classified as FGR or SGA based on the Delphi consensus protocol.

Options for pediatric heart valve replacement.

Heart valve replacement is indicated for children with irreparable heart valve disease. These replacements come in a variety of forms including mechanical, xenograft tissue, allograft tissue, and autograft tissue valves. These options each have unique benefits and risks profiles.

Dementia Care Practice.

Background: Prescription for inappropriate drugs can be dangerous to very old people, due to the increased risk of adverse drug reactions.

Case Report: We report the consequences of inappropriate prescriptions in a 99-year-old woman. She had a clinical history of vascular dementia, diabetes, hypothyroidism, heart failure, osteoarthritis, chronic renal failure, and hypoacusia, and was admitted to our attention for asthenia and loss of appetite.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Anti-amyloid therapy appears to have an increased effect on reducing cognitive decline in amyloid- and tau-positive individuals. However, clinical trials inclusion criteria require solely amyloid positivity. Herein, we developed a machine-learning prediction model to identify tau positivity in amyloid-positive individuals using clinical variables.

Comparison of Associations of Food Security Instruments and Mediators With Premature All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Death in US Adults.

Background: Food insecurity is associated with high morbidity and mortality and is typically measured with the 10-item US Adult Food Security Survey Module. Shorter instruments may capture similar information, but this has not been validated against mortality in general populations.

Methods: A nationally representative sample of individuals aged 20 to 74 years from the US National Health Interview Survey 2011 to 2018 was included, with deaths linked to the National Death Index through 2019.

Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: A Dangerous Liaison.

The field of cardio-oncology has traditionally focused on the impact of cancer and its therapies on cardiovascular health. Mounting clinical and preclinical evidence, however, indicates that the reverse may also be true: cardiovascular disease can itself influence tumor growth and metastasis. Numerous epidemiological studies have reported that individuals with prevalent cardiovascular disease have an increased incidence of cancer.

Prevalence and Clinical Outcomes of Discordant Lesions Between Fractional Flow Reserve and Nonhyperemic Pressure Ratios in Clinical Practice: The J-PRIDE Registry.

Background: Limited large-scale, real-world data exist on the prevalence and clinical impact of discordance between fractional flow reserve (FFR) and nonhyperemic pressure ratios (NHPRs).

Methods: The J-PRIDE registry (Clinical Outcomes of Japanese Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Assessed by Resting Indices and Fractional Flow Reserve: A Prospective Multicenter Registry) prospectively enrolled 4304 lesions in 3200 patients from 20 Japanese centers. The lesions were classified into FFR+/NHPR-, FFR-/NHPR+, FFR+/NHPR+, or FFR-/NHPR groups according to cutoff values of 0.

Prognostic Value of Serum TMAO Measurement in Patients with STEMI: A Systematic Literature Review.

Background: Gut microbiota-derived metabolite Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is increasingly recognized as a potential novel prognostic biomarker for cardiovascular disease. Our research work aimed to investigate the potential utility of TMAO measurement in patients with STelevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI).

Methods: We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed from inception to the 1st of February 2024 to identify all studies examining the association between plasma TMAO levels and disease complexity or clinical outcomes in STEMI patients.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Screen failure due to amyloid negativity is yet a problem in clinical trials for anti-amyloid drugs. In this context, clinical characteristics of patients presenting with cognitive decline may decrease the screen failure ratio by increasing the odds of selecting individuals with brain amyloid pathology. Herein, we aimed at estimating amyloid and tau positivity in individuals using clinical variables in a machine learning model of prediction.

Cardiovascular, kidney and safety outcomes with canagliflozin in older adults: A combined analysis from the CANVAS Program and CREDENCE trial.

Aim: SGLT2 inhibitors may be underused in older adults with type 2 diabetes due to concerns about safety and tolerability. This pooled analysis of the CANVAS Program and CREDENCE trial examined the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin according to age.

Methods: Pooled individual participant data from the CANVAS Program (n = 10 142) and CREDENCE trial (n = 4401) were analysed by baseline age (<65 years, 65 to <75 years, and ≥75 years).

Trends and disparities in cardiovascular disease-related mortality among adults with myeloproliferative neoplasms in USA.

Aims: We aimed to perform a retrospective cohort study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database to analyse the trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) from 1999 to 2020.

Methods And Results: We analysed the death certificate data from the CDC WONDER database from 1999 to 2020 for CVD with co-morbid myeloproliferative disorders in the US population. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed per 1 million population by standardizing crude mortality rates to the 2000 US census population.

Cardiorespiratory fitness in COPD and HF from the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise: a National Database.

Aims: To better characterize functional consequences of the presence of COPD on cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with HF.

Methods And Results: Patients with any clinical indication for cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) were included in the international FRIEND registry. Diagnosis of COPD was confirmed by a ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity (FEV/FVC) < 0.

Comparison of the role of vitamin D in normal organs and those affected by COVID-19.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has opened up new avenues for exploring the importance of vitamin D in immunity, in addition to its role in calcium absorption. Recently, vitamin D supplementation has been found to enhance T regulatory lymphocytes, which are reduced in individuals with COVID-19. Increased risk of pneumonia and increases in inflammatory cytokines have been reported to be major threats associated with vitamin-D deficiency.

Provision of continuous renal replacement therapy in children in intensive care in Australia and New Zealand.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe current use, clinical practice, and outcomes of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in children in the intensive care unit (ICU) in Australia and New Zealand.

Design: retrospective, binational registry-based cohort study and electronic survey of clinical practice.

Setting: ICUs that contribute to the Australian and New Zealand Paediatric Intensive Care Registry and a survey conducted in November 2021 including ICUs accredited for paediatric intensive care training that provide CRRT for children were part of this study.

Hospital-level volume in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cases and death or disability at 6 months.

Objective: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a high-risk procedure with significant morbidity and mortality and there is an uncertain volume-outcome relationship, especially regarding long-term functional outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the association between ECMO centre volume and long-term death and disability outcomes.

Design Setting And Participants: This is a registry-embedded observational cohort study.

Timing of adjunctive vasopressin initiation for septic shock patients and hospital mortality: A multicentre observational study.

Objective: The optimal timing of vasopressin initiation as an adjunctive vasopressor remains unclear. We aimed to study the association between the timing of vasopressin commencement, pre-specified physiological parameters, and hospital mortality.

Design: We conducted a multicentre, retrospective, observational study.

Continuous frusemide infusion versus intermittent bolus therapy in paediatric intensive care: A single centre retrospective study.

Objective: Frusemide is a common diuretic administered to critically ill children intravenously, by either continuous infusion (CI) or intermittent bolus (IB). We aim to describe the characteristics of children who receive intravenous frusemide, patterns of use, and incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), and to investigate factors associated with commencing CI.

Design: Retrospective observational study.