Comparison of eco-directed and health-focused brief awareness-raising interventions for enhancing active participation of community residents in drug take-back program.

Drug take-back system provides a legal, safe and eco-friendly avenue to appropriately dispose of unwanted medicines, contributing to both environmental sustainability and reducing medication misuse. This study designed and implemented a brief educational intervention, which took <1 min on average, to enhance awareness of community residents regarding the dangers of hoarding and improperly disposing of expired and unused medication at home. In a Chinese urban community, 104 eligible households were evenly assigned into 2 groups receiving leaflet-based awareness-raising interventions.

Machine learning prediction of tau-PET in Alzheimer's disease using plasma, MRI, and clinical data.

Introduction: Tau positron emission tomography (PET) is a reliable neuroimaging technique for assessing regional load of tau pathology in the brain, but its routine clinical use is limited by cost and accessibility barriers.

Methods: We thoroughly investigated the ability of various machine learning models to predict clinically useful tau-PET composites (load and laterality index) from low-cost and non-invasive features, for example, clinical variables, plasma biomarkers, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results: Models including plasma biomarkers yielded the most accurate predictions of tau-PET burden (best model: R-squared = 0.

If not us, then who? Ethnographic insights into nurses' role in redesigning a rural health service to meet changing demands.

Background: The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and an ageing population challenge healthcare delivery, particularly in rural areas. Redesigning health services to meet these changing demands is crucial, esially in rural healthcare where service providers face capacity and expertise limitations. This paper explores how the rural context influences nurses' roles in the clinic and the process of redesigning a rural emergency clinic in Northern Norway to include a Municipal Inpatient Acute Care Service (MipAC).

Integrating blockchain technology with artificial intelligence for the diagnosis of tibial plateau fractures.

Purpose: The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has seen widespread implementation, with numerous studies highlighting the development of robust algorithms. However, limited attention has been given to the secure utilization of raw data for medical model training, and its subsequent impact on clinical decision-making and real-world applications. This study aims to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of an advanced diagnostic model that integrates blockchain technology and AI for the identification of tibial plateau fractures (TPFs) in emergency settings.

Factors influencing treatment success in drug-susceptible tuberculosis patients in Ghana: A prospective cohort study.

Optimal rates of positive tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes are crucial for patient well-being and preventing the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Unfavourable outcomes present significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, making it essential to identify factors that influence treatment success. This study aimed to assess treatment outcomes and explore determinants of success to inform effective interventions and contribute to TB eradication efforts.

A Systematic Review of Research Tools, Research Status and Improvement Measures for Osteoporosis Awareness in Chinese and International.

Objective: Osteoporosis, a prevalent degenerative bone disorder, and its associated complications can have a substantial impact on patients. To enhance osteoporosis prevention, it is imperative to explore the public's awareness of this condition.

Methods: In this paper, literature related to osteoporosis awareness, which was published from October 2020 to October 2023, was searched in the CNKI, Wanfang, and PubMed databases.

Implementation of a cascade training model to enhance emergency care capacity of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak in Uganda.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the gaps and the need to strengthen the emergency care system in Uganda. The Ugandan Ministry of Health implemented an emergency care capacity-building program during the COVID-19 pandemic response to improve COVID-19 case management in Uganda. We describe the curriculum development and rollout using a cascade model.

Advancing Medical Research Through Artificial Intelligence: Progressive and Transformative Strategies: A Literature Review.

Background And Aims: Artificial intelligence (AI) has become integral to medical research, impacting various aspects such as data analysis, writing assistance, and publishing. This paper explores the multifaceted influence of AI on the process of writing medical research papers, encompassing data analysis, ethical considerations, writing assistance, and publishing efficiency.

Methods: The review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines; a comprehensive search was performed in Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases for research publications on artificial intelligence in medical research published up to October 2023.

Effects of physician-led medication reconciliation on the outcomes of outpatients utilizing the PharmaCloud system.

Background: Taiwan introduced PharmaCloud, a system designed to streamline access to comprehensive medication records from various healthcare settings. Despite its potential, the impact of physician-led medication reconciliation (MR) utilizing PharmaCloud on outpatient outcomes remains unclear. This study aims to address this gap by evaluating the effectiveness of PharmaCloud-enabled MR in improving patient outcomes.

Pilot randomised controlled trial on the feasibility and intervention satisfaction with an educational group programme for adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and their caregivers.

Background: This pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) study presents a patient-centred educational group programme collaboratively developed with user representatives and caregivers from two organisations and health personnel from a community mental health centre (CMHC). The objectives were to investigate the feasibility of the psychoeducational programme and the satisfaction of outpatients and caregivers with programme participation. This RCT explored the potential benefits of this innovative psychoeducational programme for adults recently diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Protocol for a national intervention programme aimed to reduce unwarranted variation and overuse of shoulder arthroscopy in Norway.

Several advice-based approaches have aimed to reduce the overuse of procedures characterised as low-value healthcare services but have so far shown marginal impact on utilisation rates. Differences in utilisation rates tend to be associated with type of healthcare provider. Commercial providers have a tendency to have higher utilisations rates compared with non-profit providers.

Newborn metabolomic signatures of maternal vanadium exposure and reduced birth size.

Prenatal exposure to vanadium has been associated with reduced birth size, however, the specific molecular mechanism underlying this effect remains largely unexplored. We measured vanadium in maternal plasma during early pregnancy, and characterized metabolomics profiling in cord blood among 1020 mother-infant pairs from the Wuhan Healthy Baby Cohort, China. After adjusting for potential confounders, a 2-fold increase in maternal plasma vanadium concentration was associated with a decrease of 25.

Global, regional, and national burdens of road injuries from 1990 to 2021: Findings from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study.

Background: Road injuries remain a significant global health issue, contributing to a high burden of mortality and disability, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding the global trends in incidence, mortality, and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) due to road injuries is essential for developing effective prevention strategies.

Methods: We used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 to analyze road injury trends from 1990 to 2021.

Contaminated faucets and sinks as a reservoir for antibiotic-resistant bacterial transmission in healthcare settings.

Introduction: Multidrug-resistant bacterial infection has emerged as a global hygiene threat in hospitals, and outbreaks cause increased patient morbidity and mortality in the healthcare system. Mounting evidence points to faucets and sinks as the culprits in the outbreaks of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. However, the mechanism and the route through which faucets and sinks contribute to antibiotic-resistant bacterial transmission are not fully understood.

Improved genetic algorithm based on greedy and simulated annealing ideas for vascular robot ordering strategy.

This study presents a comprehensive approach for optimizing the acquisition, utilization, and maintenance of ABLVR vascular robots in healthcare settings. Medical robotics, particularly in vascular treatments, necessitates precise resource allocation and optimization due to the complex nature of robot and operator maintenance. Traditional heuristic methods, though intuitive, often fail to achieve global optimization.

The association of umbilical cord blood neurofilament light with non-reassuring fetal status: a prospective observational study.

Objective: Early detection of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates is critical. We conducted a pilot cohort study to determine the feasibility of collecting umbilical cord blood samples for neurofilament light (NfL) and to assess the association of NfL with non-reassuring fetal status and other cord biomarkers.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Quantification of Left Ventricular Trabecular Complexity in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Fractal Analysis: A Feasibility and Reproducibility Study.

Purpose: To investigate the left ventricular (LV) trabecular complexity and evaluate its relationship with LV cardiac function and especially myocardial strain in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

Materials And Methods: A total of 100 patients were retrospectively recruited in the study, including 50 obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and 50 nonobstructive HCM (NOHCM). Fifty age-matched and sex-matched healthy participants were also enrolled.

Managing low-back pain in rural Uganda: a qualitative study exploring the perspectives and practices of frontline health workers regarding LBP management in primary care.

Background And Aims: Low-back pain (LBP) is the main cause of years lived with disabilities (YLDs) worldwide and the second cause of YLDs in Uganda. In 2019, it was responsible for 7.4% of global YLDs and 5% of YLDs in Uganda.

Temporal trends in the incidence and case severity of COVID-19 cases among the Syrian refugees in Azraq camp in Jordan: A retrospective observational study.

Background: Azraq Syrian refugee camp, located in Jordan, is where the challenges of managing the COVID-19 epidemic meet the vulnerabilities of displaced people. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics, incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of COVID-19 among Azraq camp residents.

Methods: COVID-19 data from Azraq camp were collected by International Medical Corps clinics and analyzed retrospectively from August 1, 2020, to August 31, 2022.

Extending curve matching with flexible hyperparameter selection to predict response to long-acting PEGylated growth hormone treatment in growth hormone deficiency children: method development and validation.

Purpose: Curve matching can predict the height trajectories of children by analyzing longitudinal growth data. We extended the method to improve the prediction of response to long-acting growth hormone treatment in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD).

Methods: We analyzed data from a previous real-world study with a 36-month treatment of PEGylated recombinant human growth hormone (PEG-rhGH).

Cost-effectiveness analysis of a first-line treatment with cadonilimab plus platinum-based chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab for persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer in China: COMPASSION-16 trial.

Background: The addition of cadonilimab to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer. However, the economic value of using this novel therapy for this indication is currently unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the addition of cadonilimab to first-line standard chemotherapy for patients with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer from the perspective of Chinese healthcare system.

Knowledge, attitude, and perception of Pakistani populations toward monkeypox: a cross-section study.

Objective: The reappearance of monkeypox in non-endemic countries has preceded critical public health concerns. The public's adherence to preventative measures is influenced by their understanding of the infectious monkeypox virus (Mpox), attitude toward it, and perceptions of it. We conducted this study to evaluate the general population's knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of Mpox in Pakistan.

Sex differences in the association of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and cognition in a multicenter memory clinic study.

Background: This study investigated sex differences in the associations between Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, cognitive performance, and decline in memory clinic settings.

Methods: 249 participants (females/males:123/126), who underwent tau-PET, amyloid-PET, structural MRI, and plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) measurement were included from Geneva and Lausanne Memory Clinics. Mann-Whitney U tests investigated sex differences in clinical and biomarker data.

Construction of a performance evaluation index system for the management of chronic diseases based on medical and preventive integration.

Background: The medical and preventive integration(MPI) brings significant and substantial benefits to chronic disease management (CDM). Evaluating the effectiveness of MPI is curial to promote the high quality development of CDM. However, such a tool is not available in this field.

Risk of rhabdomyolysis in patients with mental disorders.

Objectives: Rhabdomyolysis is caused by rapid muscle breakdown. Although patients with mental disorders are more susceptible to rhabdomyolysis, its incidence in this group is poorly established. Therefore, we conducted a population-based cohort study to investigate its incidence and risk in this group.