Ultrasound-Assisted H Transmitter Enables Hydrogen-Gene Therapy to Prevent Anesthesia/Surgery-Induced Cognitive Impairment.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) frequently occurs after surgery, resulting in extended hospitalizations, higher healthcare expenses, and potential long-term cognitive impairment. Despite its significant impact, effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for POCD are still lacking. Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of POCD.

Case Report: A new therapeutic option for a rare patent ductus arteriosus child complicated with pulmonary artery aneurysm due to infectious endocarditis.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of the most common forms of congenital heart disease (CHD). Infectious endocarditis (IE) is a rare but serious complication of PDA. PDA combined with pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA) due to IE is rare in children.

Design considerations for optogenetic applications of soft micro-LED-based device systems across diverse nervous systems.

Optogenetics enables precise, cell-specific control of neural activity, surpassing traditional electrical stimulation methods that indiscriminately activate nearby cells, making it crucial for rehabilitation, neurological disorder treatment, and understanding neural circuits. Among light sources for delivering light to genetically modified cells, bio-implants integrated with Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) have recently been the focus of extensive research due to their advantage of enabling local photogeneration. Unlike laser-based systems, which require tethered setups that hinder behavioral experiments, μ-LED-based devices allow for wireless operation, facilitating more natural movement in subjects.

Flexible and wearable electrochemical sensors for health and safety monitoring.

Environmental safety monitoring is a crucial process that involves continuous and systematic observation and analysis of various pollutants in the environment to ensure its quality and safety. This monitoring encompasses a wide range of areas, including physical indicator monitoring (pertaining to parameters such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed), chemical indicator monitoring (focused on detecting harmful substances in environmental media such as air, water, and soil), and ecosystem monitoring (including biodiversity assessments and judgments on the health status of ecosystems). This review delves deeply into the significant advancements achieved in the field of flexible and wearable electrochemical sensors (FWESs) over the past fifteen years (from 2010 to 2024).

One-Month-Old Rabbits Exhibit a Longer Postoperative Remodeling in Extraocular Muscles Compared to 3-Month-Old Rabbits.

Purpose: To explore whether there is a difference in postoperative extraocular muscle (EOM) remodeling between 1-month-old and 3-month-old rabbits.

Methods: Recession (n = 16) and resection (n = 16) were performed on the right superior rectus (SR) muscles of 1-month-old and 3-month-old rabbits. SR tissues were harvested 1 and 4 weeks post-surgery (n = 4 for each group), and mid-belly sections were used to assess myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform expression (fast 2X, embryonic, and neonatal MyHCs), activated satellite cells (SCs), and centrally nucleated myofibers.

Physical Activity, Alzheimer Plasma Biomarkers, and Cognition.

Importance: Physical activity (PA) is a nonpharmacological intervention for dementia prevention. The association between PA and Alzheimer disease (AD) plasma biomarkers remains underexplored.

Objective: To investigate the associations among PA; plasma biomarkers, including β-amyloid 42/40 (Aβ42/40), phosphorylated-tau217 (ptau217), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL); and cognition.

Considerations in the clinical use of amyloid PET and CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are now established tools in the diagnostic workup of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and their use is anticipated to increase with the introduction of new disease-modifying therapies. Although these biomarkers are comparable alternatives in research settings to determine Aβ status, biomarker testing in clinical practice requires careful consideration of the strengths and limitations of each modality, as well as the specific clinical context, to identify which test is best suited for each patient. This article provides a comprehensive review of the pathologic processes reflected by Aβ-PET and CSF biomarkers, their performance, and their current and future applications and contexts of use.

A disproportionality analysis of real-world events from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for Atezolizumab.

Background: An increasing number of clinical studies have highlighted the use of atezolizumab in tumor immunotherapy. However, There is still a lack of comprehensive research on its associated adverse events (AEs). To improve our understanding of its toxicological profile and to provide valuable clinical insights regarding into the effectiveness of immunotherapy, this study utilized data from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to conduct a retrospective analysis of AEs linked to atezolizumab.

Spatial-Temporal Information Fusion for Thyroid Nodule Segmentation in Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI: A Novel Approach.

This study aims to develop a novel segmentation method that utilizes spatio-temporal information for segmenting two-dimensional thyroid nodules on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Leveraging medical morphology knowledge of the thyroid gland, we designed a semi-supervised segmentation model that first segments the thyroid gland, guiding the model to focus exclusively on the thyroid region. This approach reduces the complexity of nodule segmentation by filtering out irrelevant regions and artifacts.

Urinary biomarkers of drinking water disinfection byproducts in relation to blood-based liver function parameters among reproductive-aged Chinese women.

Background: Toxicological studies have documented that disinfection byproducts (DBPs), the ubiquitous drinking water pollutants, induce hepatotoxicity. Yet epidemiological evidence is sparse.

Objective: To assess urinary biomarkers of drinking water DBPs in relation to liver function parameters.

Cord serum metabolomic profiling associated with in utero exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and birthweight discordance in twins: Findings from Wuhan Twin Birth Cohort.

Emerging evidence links per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and metabolic disruptions to fetal growth retardation. However, earlier studies on singletons couldn't fully account for genetic factors. Therefore, we used a co-twin control study design to identify cord metabolomic signatures of PFAS exposure and assess its mediating role in twin birthweight discordance.

The role of the dopamine system in autism spectrum disorder revealed using machine learning: an ABIDE database-based study.

This study explores the diagnostic value of dopamine system imaging characteristics in children with autism spectrum disorder. Functional magnetic resonance data from 551 children in the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database were analyzed, focusing on six dopamine-related brain regions as regions of interest. Functional connectivity between these ROIs and across the whole brain was assessed.

Self-Reported Quality of Life and Lived Experiences of Adolescent Cancer Survivors Aged 10-19 in Southwestern Uganda: A Mixed-Methods Study in a Resource-Limited Setting.

Background: Cancer and its management affect the quality of life (QOL) and lived experiences of adolescent survivors.

Aims: We describe the QOL and document the lived experiences of adolescent cancer survivors at a tertiary hospital in southwestern Uganda.

Methods And Results: We conducted a mixed-methods, cross-sectional study using descriptive quantitative interviews using the summarized World Health Organization QOL questionnaire and qualitative in-depth interviews with adolescent cancer survivors at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in southwestern Uganda in July and August 2023.

A multicenter cross-sectional study of gambling disorder among patients with methamphetamine use disorder in drug rehabilitation centers: prevalence, correlates, and network analysis.

Background: This study sought to investigate the prevalence, correlates, and network structure of the manifested symptoms in gambling disorder (GD) among methamphetamine (MA) use disorder (MUD) patients in China.

Methods: We interviewed 1069 patients using the Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism (SSADDA), Chinese version. Besides MA and other substance use disorders, GD was also ascertained by SSADDA.

Barriers and facilitators to seeking psychological support among healthcare professionals: a qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Background: Despite facing significant mental health risks, healthcare professionals often demonstrate a low frequency of seeking psychological support. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing healthcare professionals' psychological help-seeking behaviours in order to enhance the mental health of this critical population.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with registered clinical doctors, nurses, and hospital managers aged 21-55 years, recruited from comprehensive public hospitals in China.

Medical experiences of patients with breast cancer using smart hospital apps: A qualitative study.

Objective: To examine medical experiences of patients with breast cancer with smart hospital apps and their expectations for future development.

Methods: A descriptive qualitative research method was employed to conduct in-depth interviews with 40 patients with breast cancer who used smart hospital apps. Content analysis was performed to analyze and organize the interview data.

Effects of simultaneous multislice acceleration on the stability of radiomics features in parametric maps of IVIM and DKI in uterine cervical cancer.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the simultaneous multislice acceleration (SMS) technique as well as two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) tumor segmentations on radiomics features (RFs) within the parametric maps of cervical cancer, which were computed by intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). Additionally, the study sought to identify those RFs that could characterize the clinical stages (low-stage vs. high-stage) of cervical cancer.

Emotional labor and coping strategies of gynecological nurses in recurrent pregnancy loss care: a qualitative phenomenological study.

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is marked by multiple pregnancy losses, placing intense emotional and clinical demands on gynecological nurses who often serve as both medical and emotional support for affected patients. While prior research on emotional labor in healthcare underscores the toll of caring for bereaved individuals, few studies have examined the unique, cyclical nature of grief inherent in RPL care.

Methods: A qualitative, phenomenological design was employed to explore the experiences of 12 gynecological nurses working in early pregnancy units.

Physical activity levels and influencing factors among colorectal cancer patients: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Numerous studies have reported that a majority of colorectal cancer patients in China have low levels of physical activity. Early identification of relevant factors is beneficial for formulating physical activity interventions. This study aimed to describe the status of physical activity in colorectal cancer patients and determine psychosocial predictors of low levels of physical activity.

Technical Priorities for Orthopaedic Trauma Care Development in Malawi.

Introduction: Malawi has a high and rising incidence of musculoskeletal injuries and inadequate orthopaedic trauma care capacity, which must be urgently addressed.

Methods: We performed a scoping literature review to define essential goals and challenges to musculoskeletal trauma care delivery in Malawi pertaining to the following domains: injury prevention, prehospital care, rural health centres, district hospitals, and central hospitals. For each domain, essential goals were ratified and challenges were prioritized by a panel of experts on Malawian orthopaedic trauma care.

Patients' satisfaction with services provided by family physicians at the Comprehensive Healthcare Centers in Northern Jordan.

Background: Patient satisfaction is a paramount measure of the quality of healthcare system, particularly in the practice of family medicine. The study aimed to assess patients' satisfaction with services provided by family physicians (FPs) at Comprehensive Healthcare Centers (CHCCs) in Northern Jordan.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 11 CHCCs in Northern Jordan between July and October 2023.

Dual cell-penetrating peptide-conjugated polymeric nanocarriers for miRNA-205-5p delivery in gene therapy of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Despite the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) in suppressing tumorigenesis, the main challenges are achieving tumor-specific selectivity and efficient delivery into cancer cells. In this study, miR-205-5p-loaded polymeric nanoparticles conjugated with dual cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) were designed for targeting and treating cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). The CPPs, R9, and p28, demonstrated high cell-penetrating/targeting abilities and antitumor activity.

Prefrontal FGF1 Signaling is Required for Accumbal Deep Brain Stimulation Treatment of Addiction.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a prospective treatment for psychiatric disorders; for example, DBS targeting the nucleus accumbens (NAc) abolishes addictive behaviors. However, neither the core pathway nor the cellular mechanisms underlying these therapeutic effects are known. Here, morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice as an addiction model and NAc-DBS combined with adeno-associated virus gene delivery for activity-dependent tagging, transgenic and chemogenetic manipulation of recruited neuronal networks are used.

Utilization of preventative health checkup services in China among middle-aged and older adult population: evidence from China's 28 provinces.

Introduction: Research on the utilization of outpatient and inpatient medical and health services for residents and the factors influencing them is well established, however, there are fewer relevant studies analyzing the utilization of preventive health check-up services for middle-aged and older adult people in China. In this study, we hope to understand the utilization of preventive health care services and identify the factors that influence such utilization, thereby providing insights for health policy and resource allocation.

Methods: The study uses data from the 2020 CHARLS survey, including 17,200 participants aged 45 and older.

One-year follow-up effects of the informed health choices secondary school intervention on students' ability to think critically about health in Uganda: a cluster randomized trial.

Introduction: We assessed the effects of the Informed Health Choices (IHC) secondary school intervention on students' ability to think critically about choices 1 year after the intervention.

Methods: We randomized eighty secondary schools to the intervention or control (usual curriculum). The schools were randomly selected from the central region of Uganda and included rural and urban, government, and privately-owned schools.