More physically active and leaner adolescents have higher energy intake.

Objective: To test whether youths who engage in vigorous physical activity are more likely to have lean bodies while ingesting relatively large amounts of energy. For this purpose, we studied the associations of both physical activity and adiposity with energy intake in adolescents.

Study Design: The study subjects were adolescents who participated in 1 of 2 cross-sectional studies, the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study (n = 1450; mean age, 14.

Limited access to HIV prevention in French prisons (ANRS PRI2DE): implications for public health and drug policy.

Background: Overpopulation, poor hygiene and disease prevention conditions in prisons are major structural determinants of increased infectious risk within prison settings but evidence-based national and WHO guidelines provide clear indications on how to reduce this risk. We sought to estimate the level of infectious risk by measuring how French prisons adhere to national and WHO guidelines.

Methods: A nationwide survey targeting the heads of medical (all French prisons) and psychiatric (26 French prisons) units was conducted using a postal questionnaire and a phone interview mainly focusing on access to prevention interventions, i.

Harmful alcohol consumption and patterns of substance use in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretrovirals (ANRS-EN12-VESPA Study): relevance for clinical management and intervention.

Alcohol abuse affects secondary prevention and disease progression in HIV-infected patients, and adherence and response to treatment in those chronically treated. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of harmful alcohol consumption (HAC) using various indicators and identify which groups of patients may require specific targeted interventions for HAC risk reduction. A cross-sectional survey, based on a random sample representative of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) was carried out in 102 French hospital departments delivering HIV care.

When to initiate highly active antiretroviral therapy in low-resource settings: the Moroccan experience.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of HIV treatment alternatives - with and without highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) - within alternative strata based on the CD4+ T-cell count at the initiation of treatment in a low-resource setting.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted following 286 HIV-positive individuals admitted to the principal teaching hospital in Casablanca, Morocco, between 1995 and 2002. Patients were stratified by CD4+ T-cell count and regression models were fitted to determine risk of opportunistic infection.

Harm reduction and equity of access to care for French prisoners: a review.

Background: Despite France being regarded as a model of efficient harm reduction policy and equity of access to care in the general community, the health of French inmates is a critical issue, as harm reduction measures are either inaccessible or only partially implemented in French prisons.

Method: Using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, information was collected and analyzed about HIV, HBV and HCV prevalence, risk practices, mortality, access to harm reduction measures and care for French prison inmates.

Results: Data about the occurrence of bloodborne diseases, drug use and access to care in prisons remain limited and need urgent updating.

Sexual difficulties in people living with HIV in France--results from a large representative sample of outpatients attending French hospitals (ANRS-EN12-VESPA).

We analysed sexual difficulties in a nationally representative sample of HIV-infected outpatients in France. Analyses were restricted to the 1,812 HIV-treated participants who reported at least one sexual partner during the 12 months prior to the study. The sample included 40.

Impaired anger control as an underappreciated side effect of treatments for chronic HCV infection in HIV-HCV coinfected patients.

Objective: To study the specific impact of treatments for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on anger expression and control in adult patients coinfected with HIV and HCV receiving antiretroviral therapy.

Design: In 2005, a cross-sectional survey, collecting both clinical and sociobehavioral data, was conducted in 2 French clinical centers among adult patients coinfected with HIV and HCV.

Methods: Participants were asked to answer anonymously a self-administered questionnaire aimed at obtaining sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral characteristics including self-reported treatments' side effects, quality of life (WHOQOL-HIV BREF), and irritability and anger (STAXI-2).

Self-reported fatigue and depressive symptoms as main indicators of the quality of life (QOL) of patients living with HIV and Hepatitis C: implications for clinical management and future research.

Purpose: To analyze the impact of self-reported fatigue and depressive symptoms on the quality of life (QOL) of patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) not receiving anti-HCV therapy.

Method: We used data from a cross-sectional survey conducted among 115 co-infected adults including an assessment of QOL (WHOQOL-HIV bref questionnaire), depressive symptomatology (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]), and fatigue (Fatigue Impact Scale [FIS]).

Results: Eighty-four percent of patients had been infected through injecting drug use (IDU).

Health-related quality of life in HIV-1-infected patients on HAART: a five-years longitudinal analysis accounting for dropout in the APROCO-COPILOTE cohort (ANRS CO-8).

Background: The long-term efficacy of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapies (HAART) has enlightened the crucial role of health-related quality of life (HRQL) among HIV-infected patients. However, any analysis of such extensive longitudinal data necessitates a suitable handling of dropout which may correlate with patients' health status.

Methods: We analysed the HRQL evolution over 5 years for 1,000 patients initiating a protease inhibitor (PI)-containing therapy, using MOS SF-36 physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) scores.

Unsafe sex in regular partnerships among heterosexual persons living with HIV: evidence from a large representative sample of individuals attending outpatients services in France (ANRS-EN12-VESPA Study).

Objective: Risky sexual behaviour remains frequent among people living with HIV. We analysed factors associated with unsafe sex within serodiscordant couples among heterosexual individuals living with HIV in France.

Methods: In 2003, a face-to-face survey was conducted among individuals selected in a random stratified sample of 102 French hospital departments delivering HIV care.

Unprotected sex in regular partnerships among homosexual men living with HIV: a comparison between sero-nonconcordant and seroconcordant couples (ANRS-EN12-VESPA Study).

Objective: We investigated factors associated with unprotected sex in regular partnerships among homosexual men living with HIV.

Method: We used data from a French national representative sample of people living with HIV (ANRS-EN12-VESPA survey). This analysis included men in a regular partnership with another man for at least twelve months.

Understanding risk behaviours: how the sociology of deviance may contribute? The case of drug-taking.

This paper argues that the sociology of deviance can be used to improve our understanding of some difficulties and unintended effects of health-promotion interventions designed to change risk behaviours, especially drug-taking. Firstly, many people engaged in 'risk behaviours' tend to deny the 'risky' label just as delinquents neutralise the 'deviant' label, and preventive information itself may be used by individuals in shaping risk denial. Secondly, deliberate risk-taking may be an 'innovative deviance',which is related to difficulties of conforming to the dominant 'risk culture'.

Opinions toward pain management and palliative care: comparison between HIV specialists and oncologists.

Despite the introduction of HAART, pain is still a common symptom in people living with HIV/AIDS. For these persons, pain management supplied by palliative care teams may support standard HIV care. This study compares opinions toward palliative care of 83 HIV specialists and 217 oncologists (French national survey: Palliative Care 2002).

French physicians' attitudes toward legalisation of euthanasia and the ambiguous relationship between euthanasia and palliative care.

In 1999, the French Parliament established a "right to palliative care", which reactivated public debate about euthanasia. In order to investigate jointly physicians' attitude toward palliative care and euthanasia, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of a national sample of French GPs, oncologists, and neurologists. Overall, 917 physicians participated in the survey.