Development of bioinspired damage-tolerant calcium phosphate bulk materials.

Improving the damage tolerance and reliability of ceramic artificial bone materials, such as sintered bodies of hydroxyapatite (HAp), that remain for long periods of time is of utmost importance. However, the intrinsic brittleness and low damage tolerance of ceramics make this challenging. This paper reports the synthesis of highly damage tolerant calcium phosphate-based materials with a bioinspired design for novel artificial bones.

Effects of Short-Term Exposure of Chloramine-T Solution on the Characteristics of Light-Cured and Chemical-Cured Adhesives.

This study evaluated the effect of a 0.5% chloramine T solution on a chemical-cured universal adhesive by comparing the light-cured, one-step, self-etch adhesive for the bonding performance, mechanical properties, and resin-dentin interfacial characteristics. Caries-free human molars were randomly assigned into eight groups based on the bonding systems employed (Bond Force II, BF and Bondmer Lightless, BL), the immersion solutions used before bonding (0.

Current Nutritional and Pharmacological Approaches for Attenuating Sarcopenia.

Sarcopenia is characterized by a gradual slowing of movement due to loss of muscle mass and quality, decreased power and strength, increased risk of injury from falls, and often weakness. This review will focus on recent research trends in nutritional and pharmacological approaches to controlling sarcopenia. Because nutritional studies in humans are fairly limited, this paper includes many results from nutritional studies in mammals.

Antimicrobial-resistant Helicobacter pylori in Japan: Report of nationwide surveillance for 2018-2020.

Background: Antimicrobial therapy is necessary to eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria poses a threat to continued treatment with antimicrobial agents. For those who prescribe antimicrobial therapy, it is necessary to constantly monitor the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.

Development and Validation of a Japanese-Language Questionnaire to Screen for Tension-Type Headaches and Migraines.

Introduction Migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) are chronic diseases associated with significant socioeconomic losses and social and psychological impact (current global prevalence: 10% and 38%, respectively). Thus, they require accurate identification and classification. In clinical practice, validated screening tools able to quickly determine migraine and TTH with high sensitivity and specificity help provide an objective and multifaceted understanding of patients' headache symptoms.

Unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy following orthognathic surgery: A case report and literature review.

Introduction: Hypoglossal nerve palsy (HNP) can be caused by nerve damage from the central nerve to a peripheral nerve, and individuals with multiple factors could be predisposed to HNP. We report a case of isolated unilateral HNP after orthognathic surgery.

Case Presentation: A 56-year-old Japanese woman complained of jaw distortion and malocclusion.

Network analysis to estimate central insomnia symptoms among daytime workers at-risk for insomnia.

Although insomnia complaints are associated with mental health problems and reduced work productivity, the central insomnia symptoms in workers at-risk for insomnia remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the central insomnia symptoms among daytime workers at risk for insomnia. The participants were 881 Japanese daytime workers at-risk for insomnia with a mean age of 49.

Groove Rhythm Enhances Exercise Impact on Prefrontal Cortex Function in Groove Enjoyers.

A positive affective response modulates the effects of aerobic exercise on prefrontal executive function (EF). Groove rhythm (GR), eliciting the feeling of wanting to move to music, is useful for inducing positive affective response during exercise. Three minutes of listening to GR activated the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC) and enhanced EF in participants who had higher psychological responses to GR.

Home transfusions are implemented using diverse approaches in Japan.

Background And Objectives: Japan's ageing society has increased the need for home healthcare, including home transfusions. We hence aimed to elucidate the purpose and utilization of home transfusions in Japan, which has not been clarified to date.

Materials And Methods: Clinics throughout Japan that provide home care and have experience in performing blood transfusions were surveyed.

Effect of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Although cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is recommended as a first-line treatment, its efficacy for workers with insomnia remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effectiveness of CBT-I in the management of insomnia symptoms in workers. We searched the literature in three electronic databases, namely PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase, and included 21 studies in the meta-analysis.

Assessing cancer in people with profound and multiple disabilities.

Background: Cancers are as common in individuals with intellectual disabilities as in the general population (GP). For the subgroup of people with profound and multiple disabilities (PMD) who present with both severe intellectual disability and major motor disorders, the frequency and distribution of cancers are currently not known, preventing proper cancer surveillance.

Methods: We carried out a systematic and synthetic review of the medical literature, including a focused search of Japanese data.

Serious game as oral histology learning strategy for undergraduate dental students; crossover randomized controlled trial.

Background: Oral histology is perceived by dental students as a challenging subject and often struggle to recognize the long-term relevance of understanding the cells and tissues at the microscopic level. Serious games have been reported to have a positive effect on student cognitive skills and learning motivation. However, there is still a limited amount of research supporting the effectiveness of serious games as a learning method in dentistry.

Monte Carlo simulations of organ and effective doses and dose-length product for dental cone-beam CT.

Objectives: The use of dental cone-beam CT (CBCT) has increased in recent years. We aimed to calculate the organ and effective doses in dental CBCT using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and to correlate the effective dose with the dose-length product (DLP), which is a radiation dose index.

Methods: Organ and effective doses were calculated by MCS using the adult male and female reference phantoms of the International Commission on Radiological Protection publication 110 in a half-rotation scan of the CBCT scanner Veraviewepocs 3Df.

Stattic ameliorates the cecal ligation and puncture-induced cardiac injury in septic mice via IL-6-gp130-STAT3 signaling pathway.

Aim: Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction is the leading cause of higher morbidity and mortality with poor prognosis in septic patients. Our recent previous investigation provides evidence of the hallmarks of signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (STAT3) activation in sepsis and targeting of STAT3 with Stattic, a small-molecule inhibitor of STAT3, has beneficial effects in various septic tissues. We investigated the possible cardioprotective effects of Stattic on cardiac inflammation and dysfunction in mice with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis.

Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen stable isotope ratios of striped dolphins and short-finned pilot whales stranded in Hokkaido, northern Japan, compared with those of other cetaceans stranded and hunted in Japan.

Strandings of striped dolphins (SD) and short-finned pilot whales (PW) in Hokkaido, northern Japan, are rare but have recently increased, probably due to global warming. We quantified C, N, and O in muscles of SD ( = 7) and PW ( = 3) stranded in Hokkaido and compared these values with those in muscles (red meat products) of hunted SD and PW in three areas of central and southern Japan. O in stranded SD, except for the calf, decreased with increasing body length (BL), whereas C increased, with no BL-related changes in N.

Kinematics of lateral tongue-pushing movement in coordination with masticatory jaw movement: An anteroposterior projection videofluorographic study.

Objective: During the mastication of solid food, the tongue pushes the bolus laterally to place it onto occlusal surfaces as the jaw is opened. This movement is referred to as tongue-pushing (TP). TP has an important role in efficient chewing, but its kinematic mechanisms remain unclear.

Photoinduced electron transfer detection method for identifying UGT1A1*28 microsatellites.

During development of a novel detection method for the UDP-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)*28, the fluorescence intensity of a dye conjugated to cytosine (C) at the end of a DNA strand decreased upon hybridization with guanine (G). This phenomenon is referred to as photoinduced electron transfer (PeT). Using this phenomenon, we devised a method for the naked-eye detection of UGT1A1*28 (thymine-adenine (TA)-repeat polymorphism).

Selection of aptamers using β-1,3-glucan recognition protein-tagged proteins and curdlan beads.

RNA aptamersare nucleic acids that are obtained using the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) method. When using conventional selection methods to immobilize target proteins on matrix beads using protein tags, sequences are obtained that bind not only to the target proteins but also to the protein tags and matrix beads. In this study, we performed SELEX using β-1,3-glucan recognition protein (GRP)-tags and curdlan beads to immobilize the acute myeloid leukaemia 1 (AML1) Runt domain (RD) and analysed the enrichment of aptamers using high-throughput sequencing.

Activity of deep trunk muscles for postural control to predictable and unpredictable sagittal plane perturbations: Electromyographic analysis.

Background: The activity of deep trunk muscles (psoas major; PM, quadratus lumborum; QL, transverse abdominis; TrA, and lumbar multifidus; MF) in response to external perturbation is not clearly known.

Objective: This study aimed to record the onset and amount of activity of the deep trunk muscles during sagittal plane perturbations.

Methods: Fourteen healthy males participated in this study.

Oxytrofalcatin Puzzle: Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Oxytrofalcatins B and C.

The previously reported structures of oxytrofalcatins B and C possess a benzoyl indole core. However, following synthesis and NMR comparison of both the proposed structure and the synthesized oxazole, we have revised the structure of oxytrofalcatins B and C as oxazoles. The synthetic route developed herein can further our understanding of the biosynthetic pathways that govern the production of natural 2,5-diaryloxazoles.

SLC25A40 Facilitates Anticancer Drug Resistance in Human Leukemia K562 Cells.

The chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line, K562/ADM is derived from the K562 cell line, which is resistant to doxorubicin (alias, adriamycin: ADM). P-glycoprotein levels are significantly higher in K562/ADM cells than in K562 cells. The overexpression of p-glycoprotein has been shown to cause drug resistance.

[Consideration of the Characteristics of Oral Iron Preparations from the Viewpoint of the Mechanism of Nausea and Vomiting].

The nausea and vomiting that occur as a result of oral iron administration for the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) can cause significant physical and emotional stress in patients. Because iron is absorbed from the intestine as ferrous iron, the most widely used treatment for IDA is oral ferrous agents. However, ferrous forms are more toxic than ferric forms because ferrous forms readily generate free radicals.

Exploring olfactory receptor family 7 subfamily C member 1 as a novel oral cancer stem cell target for immunotherapy.

The mortality rate of oral cancer has not improved over the past three decades despite remarkable advances in cancer therapies. Oral cancers contain a subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that share characteristics associated with normal stem cells, including self-renewal and multi-differentiation potential. CSCs are tumorigenic, play a critical role in cancer infiltration, recurrence, and distant metastasis, and significantly contribute to drug resistance to current therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy.