Genomic Reorganization of Lamin-Associated Domains in Cardiac Myocytes Is Associated With Differential Gene Expression and DNA Methylation in Human Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Rationale: LMNA (Lamin A/C), a nuclear membrane protein, interacts with genome through lamin-associated domains (LADs) and regulates gene expression. Mutations in the LMNA gene cause a diverse array of diseases, including dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). DCM is the leading cause of death in laminopathies.

DNA Damage Response/TP53 Pathway Is Activated and Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Dilated Cardiomyopathy Associated With LMNA (Lamin A/C) Mutations.

Rationale: Mutations in the LMNA gene, encoding LMNA (lamin A/C), are responsible for laminopathies. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in laminopathies.

Objective: To gain insights into the molecular pathogenesis of DCM in laminopathies.

Polymorphisms in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Further Evidence Linking Sleep and Circadian Disturbances and ADHD.

Circadian and sleep disorders, short sleep duration, and evening chronotype are often present in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). , considered the master gene in the circadian rhythm, has been explored by few studies. Understanding the relationship between ADHD and may provide additional information to understand the correlation between ADHD and sleep problems.

A magnetic three-dimensional levitated primary cell culture system for the development of secretory salivary gland-like organoids.

Salivary gland (SG) hypofunction and oral dryness can be induced by radiotherapy for head and neck cancers or autoimmune disorders. These are common clinical conditions that involve loss of saliva-secreting epithelial cells. Several oral complications arise with SG hypofunction that interfere with routine daily activities such as chewing, swallowing, and speaking.

Thromboelastography and rotational thromboelastometry for the surgical intensivist: A narrative review.

Background: Viscoelastic tests (VETs), specifically thromboelastography (TEG) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), are gaining popularity in the management of critically ill surgical patients with hemorrhage or thrombosis due to their comprehensive characterization of the coagulation process and point-of-care availability in comparison to conventional coagulation tests (CCTs). We review current evidence for VET use in patients in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU).

Methods: We searched PUBMED, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library through May 30, 2018 for articles that evaluated the use of VETs in patient populations and clinical scenarios germane to the surgical intensivist.

Cortical Impaction in Posterior Wall Acetabular Fractures.

Objectives: To report the incidence of patients with extra-articular posterosuperior acetabular cortical impaction associated with a posterior wall acetabular fracture-dislocation.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Regional Level 1 trauma center.

Hospital Variation in the Utilization and Implementation of Targeted Temperature Management in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Background Targeted temperature management (TTM) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is associated with improved functional survival and is a class I recommendation in resuscitation guidelines. However, patterns of utilization of TTM and adherence to recommended TTM guidelines in contemporary practice are unknown. Methods and Results In a multicenter, prospective cohort of consecutive adults with non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium in 2012 to 2015, we identified all adults (≥18 years) who were potential candidates for TTM.

AIDS-Associated Malignancies.

Malignancies were one of the earliest recognized manifestations that led to the description of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The majority of cancers in AIDS patients are associated with coinfection with oncogenic viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 8, and human papillomavirus, with resulting malignancies occurring secondary to diminished immune surveillance against viruses and virus-infected tumor cells. Over 50% of AIDS lymphomas are associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and/or HHV8 infection.

The state of emergency radiology fellowships in North America and the development of a standardized curriculum.

Background And Objectives: The number of emergency radiology (ER) training programs in North America is small compared to the projected growth in demand for ER-trained radiologists. To date, there is no consensus-based training curriculum that sets a standard for all ER fellowship training programs. This study seeks to (1) identify the programmatic measures currently used in North American ER fellowship programs and (2) gather the perspectives of existing ER fellowship program directors (PD) and their recommendations for minimum and ideal curricular standards.

Assessing Burden of Care in the Patient With Cleft Lip and Palate: Factors Influencing Completion and Noncompletion of Nasoalveolar Molding.

Objective: Evaluate the factors that influence caregiver-reported completion of nasoalveolar molding (NAM) therapy for patients with cleft lip and palate.

Design: An IRB-approved 30-question survey.

Setting: Outpatient clinic for patients with cleft lip.

Development of a framework to describe patient and family harm from disrespect and promote improvements in quality and safety: a scoping review.

Purpose: Patients and families may experience 'non-physical' harm from interactions with the healthcare system, including emotional, psychological, socio-behavioral or financial harm, some of which may be related to experiences of disrespect. We sought to use the current literature to develop a practical, improvement-oriented framework to recognize, describe and help prevent such events.

Data Sources: Searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Health Business Elite and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses: Global: Health & Medicine, from their inception through July 2017.

Needs Assessment for Simulation Training for Prehospital Providers in Botswana.

Background: In June 2012, the Botswana Ministry of Health and Wellness (MOHW; Gaborone, Botswana) initiated a national Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system in response to significant morbidity and mortality associated with prehospital emergencies. The MOHW requested external expertise to train its developing workforce. Simulation-based training was planned to equip these health care providers with clinical knowledge, procedural skills, and communication techniques.

Room for "quality" improvement? Validating National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric (NSQIP-P) appendectomy data.

Introduction: Accurate data are essential for the validity of clinical registries. This study aimed to validate NSQIP-P data, assess representativeness, and evaluate risk-adjusted predictive ability at a single institution.

Methods: A prospective appendectomy-specific pediatric surgery research database (RD) maintained by clinical researchers was compared to the NSQIP-P data for appendectomies performed in 2016 at a tertiary children's hospital.

Adipose stromal cell targeting suppresses prostate cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition and chemoresistance.

Fat tissue, overgrowing in obesity, promotes the progression of various carcinomas. Clinical and animal model studies indicate that adipose stromal cells (ASC), the progenitors of adipocytes, are recruited by tumors and promote tumor growth as tumor stromal cells. Here, we investigated the role of ASC in cancer chemoresistance and invasiveness, the attributes of tumor aggressiveness.

Are mTOR and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway Genes Associated with Oral and Bone Diseases?

The purpose of this cohort study was to identify associations between combined oral and bone disease phenotypes and genes present in cell regulatory pathways. The studied pathways play important roles in cellular growth, proliferation, differentiation, and homeostasis. DNA samples extracted from whole saliva of 3,912 individuals were genotyped and these data analyzed according to dental caries experience, periapical lesions, periodontitis, osteoporosis, or temporomandibular joint discomfort.

CCL2 and CXCL10 are associated with poor outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective: Intracerebral hemorrhage carries a high mortality and survivors are frequently left with significant disability. Immunological mechanisms may play an important role in hemorrhage-induced brain injury, however, research linking these mechanisms with clinical outcome remains limited. We aim to identify serum inflammatory mediators that are associated with outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in order to translate data from experimental models to a patient cohort and identify potential targets worthy of reverse translation.

Psychosis and synthetic cannabinoids.

Synthetic cannabinoid (SC) products have gained popularity as abused drugs over the past decade in many countries. The SCs broadly impact psychological state (e.g.

Increased complications in pediatric surgery are associated with comorbidities and not with Down syndrome itself.

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition associated with multiple comorbidities. While physicians may perceive that DS patients have more postoperative complications, the literature remains unclear. This study compared postoperative complications for children with and without DS who underwent abdominal and thoracic procedures.

Clinical Manifestations and Bacterial Genomic Analysis of Group A Streptococcus Strains That Cause Pediatric Toxic Shock Syndrome.

We report here 18 cases of pediatric group A streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, associated clinical findings, and bacterial molecular genetic characteristics discovered through whole-genome sequencing. This comparative whole-genome sequencing revealed unique gene content (speK) and polymorphisms (dpiB) in emm87 group A Streptococcus, the relative contributions of which, in combination with the host response, in the development of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome remain to be elucidated.

Capsule-Negative emm Types Are an Increasing Cause of Pediatric Group A Streptococcal Infections at a Large Pediatric Hospital in Texas.

Background: Bacterial infections caused by group A Streptococcus (GAS) are common in childhood. Few study reports have provided data on pediatric-specific trends in the epidemiology and bacterial strain characteristics of GAS infections.

Methods: We prospectively collected GAS isolates from the clinical microbiology laboratory at Texas Children's Hospital between July 1, 2013, and June 30, 2017.

Planned Gamma Knife Boost After Chemoradiotherapy for Selected Sinonasal and Nasopharyngeal Cancers.

Objective: To determine the feasibility of a Gamma Knife boost after intensity-modulated radiation therapy in combination with multimodal therapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and sinonasal malignancies with skull base or cavernous sinus involvement.

Methods: Nine patients were treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy followed by a Gamma Knife boost. In one case Gamma Knife was given as salvage treatment after resection.

Engineering innervated secretory epithelial organoids by magnetic three-dimensional bioprinting for stimulating epithelial growth in salivary glands.

Current saliva-based stimulation therapies for radiotherapy-induced xerostomia are not fully effective due to the presence of damaged secretory epithelia and nerves in the salivary gland (SG). Hence, three-dimensional bio-engineered organoids are essential to regenerate the damaged SG. Herein, a recently validated three-dimensional (3D) biofabrication system, the magnetic 3D bioprinting (M3DB), is tested to generate innervated secretory epithelial organoids from a neural crest-derived mesenchymal stem cell, the human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC).

DSPP-MMP20 gene silencing downregulates cancer stem cell markers in human oral cancer cells.

Background: Recent findings indicate that dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 20 interact in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of DSPP/MMP20 gene silencing on oral cancer stem cell (OCSC) markers.

Methods: The expression of well-established OCSC markers: ABCG2; ALDH1; CD133; CD44; BMI1; LGR4, and Podoplanin in DSPP/MMP20-silenced OSCC cell line, OSC2, and controls were assayed by western blot (WB), and flow cytometry techniques.

A national survey of primary care physicians: Perceptions and practices of low-dose CT lung cancer screening.

Soon after the National Lung Screening Trial, organizations began to endorse low-dose computed tomography (LCDT) screening for lung cancer in high-risk patients. Concerns about the risks versus benefits of screening, as well as the logistics of identifying and referring eligible patients, remained among physicians. This study aimed to examine primary care physicians' knowledge, attitudes, referral practices, and associated barriers regarding LDCT screening.