Jewish women in dermatology.

We highlight the contribution of notable Jewish women in American dermatology. Although not intended to be a thorough listing, we selected nine representatives as examples of early pioneer women in American dermatology and research and those who were political leaders, authors and journal editors, and teachers and role models. All struggled to overcome professional barriers to women in medicine; many experienced antisemitism, especially those who were forced to flee Nazi Germany.

Immunosuppressed patients are at increased risk of local recurrence, metastasis, and disease specific death from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

It is well established that immunosuppressed patients are at increased risk for poor outcomes (PO) from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), including local recurrence (LR), nodal metastasis (NM), distant metastasis (DM), and disease-specific death (DSD). Defining PO risk is challenging but may be beneficial in guiding management. We aimed to define PO risk factors and evaluated their importance in immunosuppressed versus immunocompetent patients.

Occam's razor and Hickam's dictum: a dermatologic perspective.

Diagnostic heuristics help ease the cognitive load in our day-to-day work. Occam's razor or the rule of diagnostic parsimony is a diagnostic heuristic often applied in dermatology. Occam's razor dictates that all things being equal, one diagnosis (as opposed to several diagnoses) should be sought to explain a patient's presentation.

Efficacy and safety of Tregopil, a novel, ultra-rapid acting oral prandial insulin analog, as part of a basal-bolus regimen in type 2 diabetes: a randomized, active-controlled phase 2/3 study.

Background: Efficacy and safety of ultra-rapid acting oral prandial insulin Tregopil was compared with insulin aspart (IAsp) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) on insulin glargine and metformin.

Research Design And Methods: In this open-label, active-controlled trial, patients with T2D, HbA ≥7%-≤9% and 2-h postprandial glucose (PPG) ≥180 mg/dL were randomized 1:1:1 to Tregopil (30 mg, = 30; 45 mg, = 31) and IAsp, = 30. Primary outcome was change from baseline (CFB) in HbA at week 24.

Long-term antiretroviral therapy mitigates mortality and morbidity independent of HIV tropism: 18 years follow-up in a women's cohort.

Objective: CXCR4 (X4)-tropic HIV-1 was found previously to herald CD4 + cell depletion and disease progression in individuals who were antiretroviral-naive or took combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for less than 5 years. We updated this finding by investigating whether the deleterious effect of X4-tropic strains is mitigated by long-term cART.

Design: We examined morbidity and mortality in relation to HIV-1 tropism and cART in 529 participants followed up to 18 years in the Women's Interagency HIV Study; 91% were women of color.

The darker side of head lice infestations.

Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) infestations are prevalent among young children and generally not considered a health hazard. Although massive chronic head lice infestations have been documented in paleo medical literature, their association with severe iron deficiency anemia has been rarely discussed in modern medicine. A recently published case implicating a head lice infestation as the cause of death of a 12-year-old girl brings this topic to the fore.

Update on Juvenile Spondyloarthritis.

is a blanket term encompassing entities such as enthesitis-related arthritis, nonradiographic axial SpA, and ankylosing spondylitis. These diseases share many clinical features, including a predilection for inflammation of the entheses and the sacroiliac joints. The nomenclature is based on the evolution of the classification of the disease and the age of the patient.

Beyond Sedlis-A novel histology-specific nomogram for predicting cervical cancer recurrence risk: An NRG/GOG ancillary analysis.

Purpose: The Sedlis criteria define risk factors for recurrence warranting post-hysterectomy radiation for early-stage cervical cancer; however, these factors were defined for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) at an estimated recurrence risk of ≥30%. Our study evaluates and compares risk factors for recurrence for cervical SCC compared with adenocarcinoma (AC) and develops histology-specific nomograms to estimate risk of recurrence and guide adjuvant treatment.

Methods: We performed an ancillary analysis of GOG 49, 92, and 141, and included stage I patients who were surgically managed and received no neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy.

Domestic violence in the coronavirus disease 2019 era: Insights from a survivor.

Amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been an alarming rise in domestic violence worldwide. Factors believed to be fueling this escalation in domestic violence include increasing social confinement at home during lockdowns and mounting stress levels from unemployment that have resulted from the economic uncertainties of these times. This contribution explores some of the challenges faced by physicians in clinically assessing victims of domestic violence during the COVID-19 era.

Correction to: graph analysis of structural brain networks in Alzheimer's disease: beyond small world properties.

The original version of the article contained an error in the electronic supplementary material. The caption of the figure in the electronic supplementary material was omitted.

The pharmacotherapeutic management of postoperative delirium: an expert update.

Introduction: Postoperative delirium is a common sequela in older adults in the peri-operative period leading to poor outcomes with a complex pathophysiology which has led to a variety of different pharmacologic agents employed in attempts to prevent and treat this syndrome. No pharmacologic agent has been approved to treat this disorder, but this review discusses the pharmacologic strategies which have been tried based on the hypotheses of the causation of the syndrome including neurotransmitter imbalance, inflammation, and oxidative stress.

Areas Covered: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included via search of electronic databases specifically for the terms postoperative delirium and pharmacologic treatments.

The psychopharmacology of primary and metastatic brain tumors and paraneoplastic syndromes.

Brain tumors and paraneoplastic syndromes can cause various neuropsychiatric symptoms. Rarely, psychiatric symptoms may be the initial presentation of the underlying neurologic lesion. Brain imaging studies are crucial in the diagnosis of brain tumors.

Advanced Circuit and Cellular Imaging Methods in Nonhuman Primates.

Novel genetically encoded tools and advanced microscopy methods have revolutionized neural circuit analyses in insects and rodents over the last two decades. Whereas numerous technical hurdles originally barred these methodologies from success in nonhuman primates (NHPs), current research has started to overcome those barriers. In some cases, methodological advances developed with NHPs have even surpassed their precursors.

Balancing confidence and humility in the diagnostic process.

Humility in medicine can be difficult to achieve, yet arguably is one of the most important competencies to master. Overconfidence, on the contrary, is a natural tendency, having established its roots in evolution where quicker and more confident decisions likely conferred a selective advantage. Moreover, humility may evoke an image of weakness and vulnerability, antithetical to contemporary medicine, whose culture is dominated by overconfidence.

Visual perception, cognition, and error in dermatologic diagnosis: Diagnosis and error.

Diagnostic error in dermatology is a large practice gap that has received little attention. Diagnosis in dermatology relies heavily on a heuristic approach that is responsible for our perception of clinical findings. To improve our diagnostic accuracy, a better understanding of the strengths and limitations of heuristics (cognitive shortcuts) used in dermatology is essential.

Visual perception, cognition, and error in dermatologic diagnosis: Key cognitive principles.

Dermatologic diagnosis relies on vision primarily and auditory and verbal input secondarily. Accurate dermatologic diagnosis is predicated on seeing and perceiving a skin finding, categorizing and naming the finding correctly, and comparing the visual data and data obtained from the totality of the clinical encounter (ie, from other sensory modalities) with one's working mental database of dermatologic diagnoses. The baseline assumption-which is false-is that a dermatologist is an expert at each of the aforementioned steps and transitions sequentially between them seamlessly in an error-free fashion.

Impact of Insulin Tregopil and Its Permeation Enhancer on Pharmacokinetics of Metformin in Healthy Volunteers: Randomized, Open-Label, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study.

Oral insulin tregopil (IN-105; a new drug under development) may be coadministered with oral antidiabetic drugs, such as metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for optimal glycemic control. IN-105 has sodium caprate excipient, a permeation enhancer, for enhancing absorption in the stomach and increasing bioavailability via an oral route. Sodium caprate may increase bioavailability of metformin by a similar mechanism.

Ketosis-Prone Diabetes (Flatbush Diabetes): an Emerging Worldwide Clinically Important Entity.

Purpose Of Review: Ketosis-prone diabetes or Flatbush diabetes has been widely recognized as a clinical entity since 1984. Most of the early clinical studies focused on African American or Afro-Caribbean individuals. It is now being recognized as an important clinical entity in sub-Saharan Africans, Asian and Indian populations, and Hispanic populations.

Diagnostic heuristics in dermatology, part 2: metacognition and other fixes.

Diagnostic errors are the most common, costly and dangerous of medical mistakes. In part 1 of this series, we described how general and dermatology-specific cognitive and perceptual biases underlie most of our correct diagnoses, as well as being a source of diagnostic medical errors. In this second part of the series, we describe some tactics to combat diagnostic error.