Daily activities and suspected dementia among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Dementia is undiagnosed among many older adults, and more than half the people in local communities live with symptoms of dementia are not properly treated.

Objective: The study aims to explore the relationship between decline of daily activities and the incidence of suspected dementia.

Methods: A two-stage sampling method was used to conduct a multicenter cross-sectional survey.

A bacterial methyltransferase that initiates biotin synthesis, an attractive anti-ESKAPE druggable pathway.

The covalently attached cofactor biotin plays pivotal roles in central metabolism. The top-priority ESKAPE-type pathogens, and , constitute a public health challenge of global concern. Despite the fact that the late step of biotin synthesis is a validated anti-ESKAPE drug target, the primary stage remains fragmentarily understood.

Ultrasound-Activated Precise Sono-Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer with Reduced Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated remarkable efficacy across various cancer types. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) pose a significant challenge in immunotherapy, particularly the associated pneumonia as the primary adverse reaction, which can lead to irreversible pulmonary fibrosis. Additionally, monotherapy with programmed death ligand (PD-L1) inhibitors has shown limited effectiveness.

NCAM and attached polysialic acid affect behaviors of breast epithelial cells through differential signaling pathways.

Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), a common mammalian cell surface glycoprotein, is the major substrate of polysialic acid (polySia). Polysialylated NCAM occurs in many types of cancer, but rarely in normal adult tissues. The functional role of NCAM hypersialylation in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process remains unclear.

Targeted next-generation sequencing - a promising approach in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug resistance.

Targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) offers a high-throughput, culture-independent approach that delivers a comprehensive resistance profile in a significantly shorter turn-around time, making it promising in enhancing tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and informing treatment decisions. This study aims to evaluate the performance of tNGS in the TB diagnosis and drug resistance detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) using MTB clinical isolates and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples. A total of 143 MTB clinical isolates were assessed, tNGS, phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), and AST based on whole genome sequencing (WGS) exhibited high concordance rates, averaging 95.

RNA methylation in neurodevelopment and related diseases.

Biological development and genetic information transfer are governed by genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional mechanisms. RNA methylation, the attachment of methyl (-CH ) groups to RNA molecules, is a posttranscriptional modification that has gained increasing attention in recent years because of its role in RNA epitranscriptomics. RNA modifications (RMs) influence various aspects of RNA metabolism and are involved in the regulation of diverse biological processes and diseases.

Attachment security, environmental adversity, and fast life history behavioral profiles in human adolescents.

One species-general life history (LH) principle posits that challenging childhood environments are coupled with a fast or faster LH strategy and associated behaviors, while secure and stable childhood environments foster behaviors conducive to a slow or slower LH strategy. This coupling between environments and LH strategies is based on the assumption that individuals' internal traits and states are independent of their external surroundings. In reality, individuals respond to external environmental conditions in alignment with their intrinsic vitality, encompassing both physical and mental states.

Capsid structure of bacteriophage ΦKZ provides insights into assembly and stabilization of jumbo phages.

Jumbo phages are a group of tailed bacteriophages with large genomes and capsids. As a prototype of jumbo phage, ΦKZ infects Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a multi-drug-resistant (MDR) opportunistic pathogen leading to acute or chronic infection in immunocompromised individuals. It holds potential to be used as an antimicrobial agent and as a model for uncovering basic phage biology.

Both middle and large envelope proteins can mediate neutralization of hepatitis B virus infectivity by anti-preS2 antibodies: escape by naturally occurring preS2 deletions.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) expresses co-terminal large (L), middle (M), and small (S) envelope proteins containing preS1/preS2/S, preS2/S, and S domain alone, respectively. S and preS1 domains mediate sequential virion attachment to heparan sulfate proteoglycans and sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), respectively, which can be blocked by anti-S and anti-preS1 antibodies. How anti-preS2 antibodies neutralize HBV infectivity remains enigmatic.

VAMP2 chaperones α-synuclein in synaptic vesicle co-condensates.

α-Synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation is closely associated with Parkinson's disease neuropathology. Physiologically, α-Syn promotes synaptic vesicle (SV) clustering and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex assembly. However, the underlying structural and molecular mechanisms are uncertain and it is not known whether this function affects the pathological aggregation of α-Syn.

Missense mutation of ISL1 (E283D) is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Mutations in Isl1, encoding the insulin enhancer-binding protein islet-1 (ISL1), may contribute to attenuated insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We made an Isl1 mouse model to investigate the disease-causing mechanism of diabetes mellitus.

Methods: The ISL1 mutation (c.

Independent and combined effects of smoking, drinking and depression on periodontal disease.

Background: Periodontitis is a complex chronic inflammatory disease that is particularly associated with health-related conditions such as smoking, excessive drinking and depression. This research aimed to investigate the interaction between these lifestyles factors on periodontitis risk.

Methods: This study included participants who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States between 2009 and 2014.

Hippocampal excitation-inhibition balance underlies the 5-HT2C receptor in modulating depressive behaviours.

The implication of 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor (5-HT2CR) activity in depression is a topic of debate, and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we elucidate how hippocampal excitation-inhibition (E/I) balance underlies the regulatory effects of 5-HT2CR in depression. Molecular biological analyses showed that chronic mild stress (CMS) reduced the expression of 5-HT2CR in hippocampus.

TROPION-Breast03: a randomized phase III global trial of datopotamab deruxtecan ± durvalumab in patients with triple-negative breast cancer and residual invasive disease at surgical resection after neoadjuvant therapy.

Background: Despite advances in the treatment of early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), patients with residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant therapy have a high risk of disease recurrence and worse survival outcomes than those who have pathological complete response (pCR). Improving outcomes in early TNBC remains an unmet need requiring new adjuvant treatment approaches. Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) is an antibody-drug conjugate comprising a humanized anti-trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody attached a plasma-stable, cleavable linker to a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor payload, with activity observed in advanced TNBC.

Wanting-liking dissociation and altered dopaminergic functioning: Similarities between internet gaming disorder and tobacco use disorder.

Background: Although internet gaming disorder (IGD) has been included in the DSM-5 for approximately 10 years, debate remains regarding its existence and classification.

Methods: The current research incorporated three approaches. First, implicit association tests were used to examine for potential dissociation between wanting and liking in IGD.

Emerging role and function of SPDL1 in human health and diseases.

(spindle apparatus coiled-coil protein 1), also referred to as CCDC99, is a recently identified gene involved in cell cycle regulation. encodes a protein, hSpindly, which plays a critical role in the maintenance of spindle checkpoint silencing during mitosis. hSpindly coordinates microtubule attachment by promoting kinesin recruitment and mitotic checkpoint signaling.

Exploring promotion factors of resilience among emergency nurses: a qualitative study in Shanghai, China.

Objective: To qualitatively explore the factors that enhance resilience among emergency nurses (ENs).

Design: This study is an exploratory qualitative investigation. Semistructured in-depth interviews were used for data collection, while qualitative content analysis was applied for data analysis.