Assessment of Bone Mineral Density in the Distal Tibia Using Quantitative Hounsfield Samples From Computer Tomography.

The distal tibia bone quality is of paramount importance for ankle fractures, total ankle implants, ankle fusions, and osteotomy procedures. Despite this fact relatively little is known regarding the overall bone quality for this section of the tibia. Previous literature suggest that there is a statistically significant decrease in bone mineral density within the distal 5% to 10% segment of the tibia medullary canal.

Medial Malleolar Screw Length to Achieve Thread Purchase in the Dense Bone of the Tibial Epiphyseal Scar Location Based on CT Model.

Medial malleolar ankle fractures are one of the most common surgically treated fractures of the ankle joint. Current AO guidelines for medial malleolar fractures recommend 2 partially threaded cancellous screws across the fracture line. For these screws to cross the fracture line, the threads must purchase the distal tibial metaphysis, which is an area of decreased bone density especially in elderly osteoporotic bone.

Prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with oromandibular dystonia seen in the orofacial pain clinic: a retrospective study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with oromandibular dystonia (OMD) presenting to an academic orofacial pain clinic. OMD diagnosis was based on clinical signs and symptoms, presenting in varied forms and severities. Knowledge of clinical characteristics would help in early diagnosis and treatment of OMD.

Concordance between practitioner questionnaire responses and observed clinical treatment recommendations for treatment of dentin hypersensitivity: findings from the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network.

Background: Few published reports have presented concordance between treatment choices selected by dentists in hypothetical clinical scenarios and treatment choices made by the same dentists in actual clinical practice. The aim of the current cross-sectional study, conducted within the Management of Dental Hypersensitivity (MDH) study, was to assess the potential value of practitioners' questionnaire responses regarding their typical treatment provided for management of dentin hypersensitivity (DH), by evaluating agreement between these responses and subsequently-observed recommendations recorded during actual clinical examinations.

Methods: A total of 171 practitioners enrolled in the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network completed both a questionnaire and a clinical study regarding methods they use to treat dental hypersensitivity.

Development, validity and reliability of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale - Spanish version.

Purpose: To develop a Spanish version of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES-Sp) and to determine its psychometric properties in dental patients.

Methods: We performed a validation study for OES development and validation into Spanish. In the development phase, eight individuals participated in the translation process (cross-cultural adaptation) following the PROMIS methodology.

Associations of Maternal Weight Status Before, During, and After Pregnancy with Inflammatory Markers in Breast Milk.

Objective: The goal of this study was to examine the associations of maternal weight status before, during, and after pregnancy with breast milk C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), two bioactive markers of inflammation, measured at 1 and 3 months post partum.

Methods: Participants were 134 exclusively breastfeeding mother-infant dyads taking part in the Mothers and Infants Linked for Health (MILK) study, who provided breast milk samples. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) were assessed by chart abstraction; postpartum weight loss was measured at the 1- and 3-month study visits.

Relationships Between Caffeine Intake and Risk for Probable Dementia or Global Cognitive Impairment: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study.

Background: Nonhuman studies suggest a protective effect of caffeine on cognition. Although human literature remains less consistent, reviews suggest a possible favorable relationship between caffeine consumption and cognitive impairment or dementia. We investigated the relationship between caffeine intake and incidence of cognitive impairment or probable dementia in women aged 65 and older from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study.

Orthostatic Hypotension in the ACCORD (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes) Blood Pressure Trial: Prevalence, Incidence, and Prognostic Significance.

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. However, in populations with both hypertension and diabetes mellitus, its prevalence, the effect of intensive versus standard systolic blood pressure (BP) targets on incident OH, and its prognostic significance are unclear. In 4266 participants in the ACCORD (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes) BP trial, seated BP was measured 3×, followed by readings every minute for 3 minutes after standing.

Intranasal delivery of obidoxime to the brain prevents mortality and CNS damage from organophosphate poisoning.

Intranasal delivery is an emerging method for bypassing the blood brain barrier (BBB) and targeting therapeutics to the CNS. Oximes are used to counteract the effects of organophosphate poisoning, but they do not readily cross the BBB. Therefore, they cannot effectively counteract the central neuropathologies caused by cholinergic over-activation when administered peripherally.

Trimethoprim-sulfonamide use during the first trimester of pregnancy and the risk of congenital anomalies.

Background: Sulfonamide antibacterials are widely used in pregnancy, but evidence about their safety is mixed. The objective of this study was to assess the association between first-trimester sulfonamide exposure and risk of specific congenital malformations.

Methods: Mother-infant pairs were selected from a cohort of 1.

Individual patient data meta-analysis of self-monitoring of blood pressure (BP-SMART): a protocol.

Introduction: Self-monitoring of blood pressure is effective in reducing blood pressure in hypertension. However previous meta-analyses have shown a considerable amount of heterogeneity between studies, only part of which can be accounted for by meta-regression. This may be due to differences in design, recruited populations, intervention components or results among patient subgroups.

Effects of TZD Use and Discontinuation on Fracture Rates in ACCORD Bone Study.

Context: In trials, thiazolidinediones (TZDs) increase fracture risk in women, but the effects of discontinuation are unknown.

Objective: The objective was to investigate the effects of TZD use and discontinuation on fractures in women and men.

Design: This was a longitudinal observational cohort study using data from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial bone ancillary study.

Residential proximity to major roadways and incident hypertension in post-menopausal women.

Living near major roadways has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, presumably from exposure to elevated levels of traffic-related air and/or noise pollution. This association may potentially be mediated through increased risk of incident hypertension, but results from prior studies are equivocal. Using Cox proportional hazards models we examined residential proximity to major roadways and incident hypertension among 38,360 participants of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Clinical Trial cohorts free of hypertension at enrollment and followed for a median of 7.

Prevalence and correlates of body image dissatisfaction in postmenopausal women.

Dissatisfaction with one's body image is widespread and can have serious health consequences; however, research about its prevalence and correlates in older women is limited. We analyzed data from 75,256 women participating in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, a longitudinal study of postmenopausal women's health. Measures used in the study were collected at baseline and/or the third year of follow-up between 1993 and 2002.

Fluoride Varnish Application in the Primary Care Setting. A Clinical Study.

Objectives: The study objectives were twofold: 1. To examine how an intervention to apply fluoride varnish (FV) in a primary health setting to all young, low-income children was implemented and sustained and 2. To assess the feasibility of tracking medical care utilization in this population.

High glycemic index diet as a risk factor for depression: analyses from the Women's Health Initiative.

Background: The consumption of sweetened beverages, refined foods, and pastries has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of depression in longitudinal studies. However, any influence that refined carbohydrates has on mood could be commensurate with their proportion in the overall diet; studies are therefore needed that measure overall intakes of carbohydrate and sugar, glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load.

Objective: We hypothesized that higher dietary GI and glycemic load would be associated with greater odds of the prevalence and incidence of depression.

Impact of bariatric surgery on life expectancy in severely obese patients with diabetes: a decision analysis.

Objective: To create a decision analytic model to estimate the balance between treatment risks and benefits for severely obese patients with diabetes.

Background: Bariatric surgery leads to many desirable metabolic changes, but long-term impact of bariatric surgery on life expectancy in patients with diabetes has not yet been quantified.

Methods: We developed a Markov state transition model with multiple Cox proportional hazards models and logistic regression models as inputs to compare bariatric surgery versus no surgical treatment for severely obese diabetic patients.

Intranasal deferoxamine engages multiple pathways to decrease memory loss in the APP/PS1 model of amyloid accumulation.

In addition to the hallmark accumulation of amyloid and hyper-phosphorylation of tau, brain changes in Alzheimer's disease are multifactorial including inflammation, oxidative stress, and metal dysregulation. Metal chelators have been explored as a less well known approach to treatment. One chelator currently being developed is deferoxamine (DFO), administered via the intranasal (IN) route.

Effective Implementation of collaborative care for depression: what is needed?

Objectives: To identify the care model factors that were key for successful implementation of collaborative depression care in a statewide Minnesota primary care initiative.

Study Design: We used a mixed-methods design incorporating both qualitative data from clinic site visits and quantitative measures of patient activation and 6-month remission rates.

Methods: Care model factors identified from the site visits were tested for association with rates of activation into the program and remission rates.

The use of computed tomography attenuation to evaluate osteoporosis following acute fractures of the thoracic and lumbar vertebra.

Background: Relatively few patients have dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to quantify the magnitude of bone loss as they age. Recent work correlates mean computed tomography (CT) attenuation in the level I (L1) vertebra with bone mineral density (BMD), making it possible to objectively evaluate the magnitude of bone loss in osteoporosis by this method. The aims of this study were to evaluate the utility of using CT scans in patients with acute thoracic and lumbar spine fractures to diagnose osteoporosis and using CT attenuation to evaluate the association between age and BMD.

Inactivated influenza vaccine during pregnancy and risks for adverse obstetric events.

Objective: To compare risks for adverse obstetric events between females who did and did not receive trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine during pregnancy.

Method: This retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted at seven Vaccine Safety Datalink sites. Pregnancies were identified from administrative and claims data using a validated algorithm.