lncRNA PVT1 silencing inhibits gastric cancer cells' progression via enhancing chemosensitivity to paclitaxel.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide because of its high morbidity and the absence of effective therapies. Even though paclitaxel is a powerful anticancer chemotherapy drug, recent studies have indicated its ineffectiveness against GC cells. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) PVT1 has a high expression in GC cells and increases the progression of tumors via inducing drug resistance.

Understanding and overcoming resistance to immunotherapy in genitourinary cancers.

The introduction of novel immunotherapies has significantly transformed the treatment landscape of genitourinary (GU) cancers, even becoming the standard of care in some settings. One such type of immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) like nivolumab, ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab play a pivotal role by disturbing signaling pathways that limit the immune system's ability to fight tumor cells. Despite the profound impact of these treatments, not all tumors are responsive.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) impairs hypoxia-induced cellular and exosomal overexpression of immune-checkpoints and immunomodulatory molecules in different subtypes of breast cancer cells.

Background: Tumor cells express immune-checkpoint molecules to suppress anti-tumor immune responses. In part, immune evasion takes place by secreting exosomes bearing immune-checkpoint and immunomodulatory molecules and their inducing and/or regulating agents e.g.

Durvalumab and taxane family combination therapy enhances the antitumoral effects for NSCLC: An in vitro study.

Immunotherapy has lately become the most preferred cancer treatment method, and for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) first-line treatment, there are many immunotherapy options. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and toxicity of paclitaxel (PTX), docetaxel (DTX) chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment (durvalumab; DVL), and their combination in NSCLC. A-549 cells were treated with DVL in combination with PTX and DTX (a quarter of the IC ) to investigate their anticancer effects on these cells.

microRNAs Regulate Survivin in Colorectal Cancer Patients.

Background: Impaired levels of surviving are associate with increased survival of tumor cells. In this study, we intended to profile the microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting survivin in the tumoral and marginal tissues obtained from Iranian patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).

Materials And Methods: Fifty CRC patients of Iranian Azari ethnicity were recruited.

Association of Promoter Methylation Patterns with Expression of MAPK14 in Tissue of Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients.

Background: Thyroid cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Genetic and epigenetic alterations are one of the main causes of thyroid tumor that is responsible to the activation of oncogenes as well as the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. This research aimed to investigate the relationship of promoter methylation patterns with the expression of P38α in Iranian patients with thyroid cancer.

Immune Features of Tumor Microenvironment: A Genetic Spotlight.

A tumor represents a highly intricate tissue entity, characterized by an exceptionally complex microenvironment that starkly contrasts with the typical physiological surroundings of healthy tissues. Within this tumor microenvironment (TME), every component and factor assume paramount importance in the progression of malignancy and exerts a pivotal influence on a patient's clinical outcome. One of the remarkable aspects of the TME is its remarkable heterogeneity, not only across different types of cancers but even within the same histological category of tumors.

Association of the Toll-like receptor 4 and NOX4 gene and protein levels in asthmatic patients with metabolic syndrome: A case-control study.

Background: Understanding the contributing of influence inflammatory biomarkers in asthmatic patients with metabolic syndrome is more important. Whereby, the present study considering the important association of NADPH oxidase4 (NOX4) and Toll- like receptor4 (TLR4) in the respiratory inflammatory responses in asthmatic patients with metabolic syndrome (AS-MetS) and asthmatic (AS) patients.

Materials And Methods: In this case-control study, 30 AS and 34 AS-MetS patients were enrolled.

Sex-specific association of exposure to air pollutants and Nrf2 gene expression and inflammatory biomarkers in exhaled breath of healthy adolescents.

Studies investigating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression levels in the respiratory system of healthy subjects are scarce. Moreover, separate studies on the health-related outcomes of air pollution for each sex are limited. The current panel study investigated sex-specific Nrf2 expression levels and related oxidative stress and inflammatory responses among healthy adolescents exposed to PM, PM, O, and PM-bounded metals in a high traffic region.

Evaluation of lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 Expression as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still considered one of the prevalent cancers worldwide. Investigation of potential biomarkers for early detection of CRC is essential for the effective management of patients using therapeutic strategies. Considering that, this study was aimed to examine the changes in lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 expression through colorectal tumorigenesis.

Promoter methylation levels of and genes are associated with lung cancer in Iranian patients.

Objectives: Epigenetic alterations like methylation of tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, in respiratory epithelium have been associated with lung cancer. Hypermethylation of genes promoter is an epigenetic event, and is responsible to tumor suppressor genes inactivation as well as oncogenes activation. This study aimed to assess the role of methylation status in promoter of and genes their potential implication in the pathogenesis of lung tumor in Iranian patients.

In vitro efficacy of albendazole-loaded β-cyclodextrin against protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto.

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a widespread helminthic disease caused by the larval stage of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus represents a public health concern in humans. Albendazole (ABZ) is the first-line treatment for CE; however therapeutic failure of ABZ against CE occurs because of size and location of formed cysts as well its low aqueous solubility and consequently its erratic bioavailability in plasma. Serious adverse effects have also been observed following the long-term use of ABZ in vivo.

Association between miRNA-145 and miRNA-155 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with multiple sclerosis: a case-control study.

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miR or miRNA) are short regulatory RNAs, which modulate post-transcriptional gene expression. Dysregulation of these molecules contributes to pathogenicity of autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS).

Aims: This study was conducted to investigate changed expression pattern of miRNA-145 and miRNA-155 in MS.

MicroRNAs expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with multiple sclerosis propose.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRs) are involved in the autoimmune and neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), through modulating post-transcriptional gene regulation. Accumulating evidence indicates that miR-10, miR-24a, miR-124, and miR-21 play an imperative role in MS pathogenesis. Therefore, the current research aimed to analyze the expression of the selected miRNAs for MS in Iranian population.

Therapeutic approaches and vaccination in fighting COVID-19 infections: A review.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a remarkably contagious and pathogenic viral infection arising from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which first appeared in Wuhan, China. For the time being, COVID-19 is not treated with a specific therapy. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Remdesivir as the first drug to treat COVID-19.

Cross-cultural validation of stool Based Colorectal cancer screening methods in the North West of Iran.

Background: Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of death from cancer. Incidence and mortality from CRCboth can be reduced and prevented using screening and early detection programs. The current study aimed to assess the feasibility of the colorectal cancer screening program in Northwest of Iran.

LncRNA DLGAP1-AS2 overexpression associates with gastric tumorigenesis: a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target.

Background: Aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is associated with the progression of human cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). The function of lncRNA DLGAP1-AS2, as a promising oncogene, has been identified in several human cancers. Therefore, this study was aimed to explore the association of DLGAP1-AS2 with gastric tumorigenesis, as well.

Circulatory antioxidant and oxidative stress markers are in correlation with demographics but not cognitive functions in multiple sclerosis patients.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common non-traumatic cause of disability in younger adults. MS can be presented with a wide range of symptoms such as cognitive impairment (CI). Oxidative stress (OXS) is a major basis of the pathogenesis of MS.

Multiple function of lncRNA MALAT1 in cancer occurrence and progression.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have received particular attention in the last decade due to its engaging in carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a lncRNA that plays physiological and pathological roles in many aspects of genome function as well as biological processes involved in cell development, differentiation, proliferation, invasion, and migration. In this article, we will review the effects of lncRNA MALAT1 on the progression of six prevalent human cancers by focusing on MALAT1 ability to regulate post-transcriptional modification and signaling pathways.

Significance of microRNA-330-5p/TYMS Expression Axis in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Tumorigenesis.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. A number of dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) have been linked to CRC progression and treatment response and are thought to be promising prognostic biomarkers for this cancer. microRNA-330 (miR-330-5p) has been reported to inhibit cell proliferation through suppressing thymidylate synthase (TYMS).

FIS1 Overexpression Is Correlated with Tumor Metastasis in Gastric Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Due to poor prognosis and treatment failure, gastric cancer (GC) is still regarded as one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide, demanding new molecular targets for therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. Therefore, the current study was aimed to investigate the expression levels of FIS1 gene involving in mitochondrial fission as a promising target in gastric tumor progression.

Material And Methods: A total of eighty clinical tissue samples including 40 gastric primary tumor samples and 40 paired marginal samples were prepared.