Acutely blocking excessive mitochondrial fission prevents chronic neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury.

Progression of acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) into chronic neurodegeneration is a major health problem with no protective treatments. Here, we report that acutely elevated mitochondrial fission after TBI in mice triggers chronic neurodegeneration persisting 17 months later, equivalent to many human decades. We show that increased mitochondrial fission after mouse TBI is related to increased brain levels of mitochondrial fission 1 protein (Fis1) and that brain Fis1 is also elevated in human TBI.

β-Ionone enhances the inhibitory effects of 5-fluorouracil on the proliferation of gastric adenocarcinoma cells by the GSK-3β signaling pathway.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used in the treatment of gastric cancer, and the emergence of drug resistance and toxic effects has limited its application. Therefore, there is an urgent need for safe and effective novel drugs or new therapies. β-Ionone (BI) is found in vegetables and fruits and possesses an inhibitory proliferation of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.

The role of the miR-30a-5p/BCL2L11 pathway in rosmarinic acid-induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231-derived breast cancer stem-like cells.

Background: Rosmarinic acid (RA), a natural phenolic acid, exhibits promising anti-cancer properties. The abnormal expression of microRNA (miRNA) regulates the gene expression and plays a role as an oncogenic or tumor suppressor in TNBC. However, the biological role of RA in miR-30a-5p on BCL2L11 during MDA-MB-231 induced breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSCs) progression and its regulatory mechanism have not been elucidated.

Preparing nursing students to communicate with mental health patients: A scoping review.

Aim/objective: This review aims to examine and synthesize the existing literature on various teaching strategies for preparing nursing students to initiate conversations with patients with mental health concerns.

Background: The increase in adults experiencing mental illnesses each year in the United States emphasizes the need for proficient communication between healthcare workers and patients with mental health concerns. Nursing students have reported feeling anxious and uncomfortable initiating difficult conversations with patients who have mental illnesses or concerns thus, effective teaching strategies are essential to enhance their communication skills, confidence, and interactions.

Biosynthesis of resolvin D1, resolvin D2, and RCTR1 from 7,8(S,S)-epoxytetraene in human neutrophils and macrophages.

While the acute inflammatory response to harmful stimuli is protective, unrestrained neutrophil swarming drives collateral tissue damage and inflammation. Biosynthesized from omega-3 essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, resolvins are a family of signaling molecules produced by immune cells within the resolution phase to orchestrate return to homeostasis. Understanding the mechanisms that govern biosynthesis of these potent molecules gives insight into stimulating endogenous resolution and offers fresh opportunities for preventing and treating excessive inflammation.

Monosome Stalls the Translation Process Mediated by IGF2BP in Arcuate Nucleus for Puberty Onset Delay.

Puberty onset through hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis as an important reproductive event in postnatal development is initiated from hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). The growing evidence indicates that translational control also plays an essential role in the final expression of gonadotropin genes. To investigate the role of protein translation and behavior of ribosomes in pubertal onset, the global profiles of transcriptome, single ribosome (monosome), polysome, and tandem mass tag proteome were comprehensively investigated in rat hypothalamic ARCs of different pubertal stages using RNA sequencing, polyribo sequencing, and mass spectrum.

Impact of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy on Tuberculosis Incidence and Predictors of Tuberculosis Among People Living With HIV/AIDS at Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) to decrease the effects of tuberculosis (TB) on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. However, not enough research has been conducted to determine the impact of IPT on TB incidence and their predictors. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate how IPT affects the incidence of TB and identify factors that are predictive of TB among HIV/AIDS patients.

Seroprevalence and Co-Circulation of Rift Valley Fever Virus and West Nile Fever Virus in Livestock Population of Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia.

The distribution, epidemiology, and socioeconomic impact of Rift Valley fever (RVF) and West Nile (WN) viruses are poorly known in areas of sub-Saharan countries like Ethiopian pastoral region. The human and livestock density in the area has increased greatly in recent years, but little work has been done on arboviral diseases and their potential impact on human and livestock health. The aim of this study was to detect the circulation of zoonotic arboviruses such as Rift Valley fever virus and West Nile viruses in the livestock population and to estimate seroprevalence in Afar pastoral area northeast Ethiopia.

Stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs about obesity among dental team members.

Background: Weight stigma is prevalent within healthcare settings and is an aspect of the lived experience of people living with obesity. There is international evidence of weight stigma in the dental setting, where currently there is also evidence indicating limited training amongst dental professionals regarding obesity or obesity-related stigma. There has been Australian research and none have included dental support staff.

A longitudinal study of the mediator role of physical activity in the bidirectional relationships of cognitive function and specific dimensions of depressive symptoms.

Background: The bidirectional relationship between cognitive function and depressive symptoms has been extensively reported. However, the potential mechanisms are still not clear. We aim to longitudinally investigate whether physical activity mediates the bidirectional relationships between cognitive function and specific dimensions of depressive symptoms.

Case report of spontaneous coronary artery dissection in a 50‑year‑old man.

Background: Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD) is an acute coronary event of uncertain origin. SCAD occurs when the coronary artery wall dissects non-traumatically and non-atherosclerotically, leading to the formation of an intramural hematoma or intimal tear, ultimately compressing and restricting the true lumen, or even occluding it. The management of SCAD remains controversial despite modern imaging techniques.

Geospatial patterns, and individual and community levels factors of cesarean section deliveries in Ethiopia: A spatial and multilevel analysis.

Background: Cesarean Section (CS) is the most popular surgery worldwide in obstetric care to save a mother's or the fetus's life. The prevalence of CS delivery in Ethiopia was 0.7% and 1.

Exogenous PD-L1 binds to PD-1 to alleviate and prevent autism-like behaviors in maternal immune activation-induced male offspring mice.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the interaction of multiple pathogenic factors. Epidemiological studies and animal experiments indicate that maternal immune activation (MIA) is closely related to the development of ASD in offspring. A large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines are transferred from the placenta to the fetal brain during MIA, which impedes fetal neurodevelopment and is accompanied by activation of immune cells and microglia.

Cancer Education Status in China (2013-2022).

The incidence and mortality rates of cancer in China have an increasing trend, with a remarkable rise in the number of new cases and deaths. Despite this, cancer profile and regional distribution remained relatively stable. China realized a series of initiatives and issued strategic documents to improve cancer education.

Small Molecule Induces Time-Dependent Inhibition of Stat3 Dimerization and DNA-Binding Activity and Regresses Human Breast Tumor Xenografts.

Aberrantly-active signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3 has a causal role in many human cancers and represents a validated anticancer drug target, though it has posed significant challenge to drug development. A new small molecule, JKB887, was identified through library screening and is predicted to interact with Lys591, Arg609 and Pro63 in the phospho-tyrosine (pTyr)-binding pocket of the Stat3 SH2 domain. JKB887 inhibited Stat3 DNA-binding activity in vitro in a time-dependent manner, with IC of 2.

Water-medicated specifically targeting the S1 pockets among serine proteases using an arginine analogue.

Because of the high similarity in structure and sequence, it is challenging to distinguish the S1 pocket among serine proteases, primarily due to the only variability at residue 190 (A190 and S190). Peptide or protein-based inhibitors typically target the negatively charged S1 pocket using lysine or arginine as the P1 residue, yet neither discriminates between the two S1 pocket variants. This study introduces two arginine analogues, L-4-guanidinophenylalanine (12) and L-3-(N-amidino-4-piperidyl)alanine (16), as novel P1 residues in peptide inhibitors.

Proportional Hazards Model on Attrition and its Predictors in Community Antiretroviral Refill Groups among ART Users in Eastern Ethiopia.

Background: The HIV epidemic continues to be a major public health challenge worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries such as Ethiopia. Community-based antiretroviral refill groups are emerging as a patient-centered approach, but there is limited evidence. Therefore, this study aimed to assess attrition and predictors in community antiretroviral refill groups among ART users in Eastern Ethiopia.

E-Health Family Interventions for Parents of Children With Autism Aged 0-6 Years: A Scoping Review.

Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in infancy. Early intervention is critical to improve the prognosis for these children. E-health interventions have tremendous potential.

Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Patients with Total Knee Replacement: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on pain, functionality, quality of life, and analgesic consumption in patients undergoing TKR.

Design: A single center, randomized controlled trial.

Methods: A total of 52 participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 26) and control (n = 26) groups.

Vitamin D and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional and Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Cognitive decline is a prevalent health problem in older adults, and effective treatments remain to be produced. Serum vitamin D, a commonly used biochemical marker, is widely recognized as an indicator of various diseases. Existing research has not fully elucidated the relationship between vitamin D and cognitive function.

Group-based pelvic floor muscle training for pregnant women: A randomized controlled feasibility study.

Aim: This study aims to test the feasibility and acceptability of a group-based pelvic floor muscle training for pregnant women in China and facilitate women's adherence to the pelvic floor muscle training programme.

Background: Urinary incontinence is a prevalent health problem in women worldwide, especially in pregnant women. Supervised pelvic floor muscle training is recommended as the first-line conservative treatment for urinary incontinence.

MIP-4 is Induced by Bleomycin and Stimulates Cell Migration Partially via Nir-1 Receptor.

Background: CC-chemokine ligand 18 also known as MIP-4 is a chemokine with roles in inflammation and immune responses. It has been shown that MIP-4 is involved in the development of several diseases including lung fibrosis and cancer. How exactly MIP-4 is regulated and exerts its role in lung fibrosis remains unclear.

Dietary intake of potassium, vitamin E, and vitamin C emerges as the most significant predictors of cardiovascular disease risk in adults.

Prediction models were developed to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) based on micronutrient intake, utilizing data from 90,167 UK Biobank participants. Four machine learning models were employed to predict CVD risk, with performance evaluation metrics including area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, recall, specificity, and F1-score. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model was utilized to rank the importance of 11 micronutrients in cardiovascular health.