Mpox: emergence following smallpox eradication, ongoing outbreaks and strategies for prevention.

Purpose Of Review: This review focuses on the temporal relationship between the discontinuation of the global smallpox eradication effort with the rise of mpox in Africa and worldwide. It also discusses the global 2022 clade II mpox epidemic and the current 2024 clade I mpox outbreak. Newer findings on viral evolution and pathogenesis, plus current and future strategies for disease prevention, are reviewed.

A critical review on effects of artificial sweeteners on gut microbiota and gastrointestinal health.

Artificial sweeteners have emerged as popular alternatives to traditional sweeteners, driven by the growing concern over sugar consumption and its associated rise in obesity and metabolic disorders. Despite their widespread use, the safety and health implications of artificial sweeteners remain a topic of debate, with conflicting evidence contributing to uncertainty about their long-term effects. This review synthesizes current scientific evidence regarding the impact of artificial sweeteners on gut microbiota and gastrointestinal health.

Educational Disparities in Age-related Hearing Loss and Hearing Aid Use across Age, Gender, and European Region.

Objectives: Affecting one in five adults in Europe, hearing loss (HL) is linked to adverse health outcomes, including dementia. We aim to investigate educational inequalities in hearing health in Europe and how these inequalities change with age, gender, and region.

Methods: Utilizing 2004-2020 data from the Harmonised Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), a representative sample of Europeans aged 50 and above, we analyse: 1) age-standardized prevalence of HL and hearing aid (HA) use among eligible individuals; 2) educational inequalities therein using the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) across age, gender, and European regions.

Learning About Their Condition: The Gradual Path of Young People With Childhood-Onset Motor Disabilities.

Aim: Young people with childhood-onset motor disabilities face unique challenges in understanding and managing their condition. This study explored how they learnt about their condition.

Method: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted in 2023-2024 at a Swiss paediatric neurorehabilitation unit.

Supervised Toothbrushing Programmes: Understanding Barriers and Facilitators to Implementation.

Objectives: Supervised toothbrushing programmes (STPs), whereby children brush their teeth at nursery or school with a fluoride toothpaste under staff supervision, are a clinically and cost-effective intervention to reduce dental caries. However, uptake is varied, and the reasons unknown. The aim was to use an implementation science approach to explore the perspectives of key stakeholders on the barriers and facilitators at each level of implementation of STPs.

The effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review.

Introduction: Spastic Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a major cause of movement disorders in pediatric rehabilitation. Current treatments are often invasive and may lead to substantial discomfort. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) presents a potential alternative, offering a less invasive approach with a reduced side effect profile.

Enhanced anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of nanoparticles loaded with a combination of - extracts.

Metabolic associated steatohepatitis characterized by lipid accumulation, inflammation and fibrosis, is a growing global health issue, contributing to severe liver-related mortality. With limited effective treatments available, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. , rich in antioxidants, offers potential for combating steatohepatitis, but its cytotoxicity presents challenges.

Loneliness among Adults Aging with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: The Importance of Living Situation.

Background And Objectives: Loneliness is a serious public health concern among the aging population. Not only is loneliness an unpleasant emotional experience, it is also associated with worse health, well-being, and even mortality. This is a particularly important issue among the population aging with intellectual and developmental disabilities, who are more likely to experience loneliness across the life course, and who - particularly if living in an intermediate care facility (ICF) or nursing facility - may lack social connections.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Subjective Cognitive Decline Among Transgender Adults.

Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with an increased risk of developing chronic health conditions, including Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD), self-reported confusion/memory loss, and an early clinical manifestation of ADRD. While ACEs and SCD have both been individually studied in transgender and nonbinary (TGN) adults, no study has examined the relationship between the two among this population. This study sought to establish the prevalence of ACEs and their association with SCD among TGN adults.

Application of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Parameters of Metastatic Axillary Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer Patients in Predicting the Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Early Stage.

Background: To investigate the performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) parameters of metastatic axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) before and after two courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients in predicting the efficacy of NAC.

Methods: A total of 41 postoperative breast cancer patients were selected. All patients underwent NAC, and ALN biopsy was positive before chemotherapy.

Sophoricoside Inhibited Glioblastoma Cell Progression Through Activated AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK).

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, with a mean survival of less than 2 years. Unique brain structures and the microenvironment, including blood-brain barriers, put great challenges on clinical drug development. Sophoricoside (Sop), an isoflavone glycoside isolated from seeds of Sophora japonica L.

The diagnostic accuracy of plasma and serum calprotectin is inferior to C-reactive protein in patients with suspected Crohn's disease.

Background And Aims: Prior studies indicate that serum calprotectin (SC) and plasma calprotectin (PC) can be used as biomarkers in Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of SC and PC in patients with a clinical suspicion of CD.

Method: This biobank study included patients from a prospective, blinded, multicenter study examining minimally invasive modalities for diagnosing CD.

Refractory and Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus Mucocutaneous Infections in Immunocompromised Patients: Literature Review and Proposed Definitions for Use in Clinical Trials.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is one of the most prevalent viral infections worldwide. In general, host immunity is sufficient to clear viral shedding and recurrences, although it is insufficient to prevent subsequent virologic reactivations. In immunocompromised patients, prolonged and difficult-to-treat HSV infections may develop.

Thigh Injections of Cabotegravir + Rilpivirine in Virally Suppressed Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: A Substudy of the Phase 3b ATLAS-2M Study.

Background: Cabotegravir + rilpivirine (CAB + RPV) administered via intramuscular gluteal injections is the first complete long-acting regimen for maintaining human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virologic suppression. We present substudy results on short-term repeat intramuscular CAB + RPV long-acting thigh injections in participants with ≥3 years of experience with gluteal administration during the ATLAS-2M study.

Methods: Substudy phases included screening, thigh injection (day 1-week 16), and return to gluteal injection (week 16-week 24).

Impact of atrial fibrillation on productivity in working-age patients: an analysis of Swiss-AF prospective cohort study data.

Aims: We aimed to explore atrial fibrillation (AF)-induced productivity losses in working-age atrial fibrillation patients and to estimate atrial fibrillation-related indirect costs.

Methods: Between 2014 and 2017, the Swiss Atrial Fibrillation prospective cohort study (Swiss-AF) enrolled 217 working-age patients with documented atrial fibrillation. Self-reported changes in professional activity and the reasons thereof were descriptively analysed over 8 years of follow-up or until patients reached the retirement age.

The association between secondhand smoke exposure and risk of developing active tuberculosis in individuals with latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic literature review.

Background: Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death from infectious diseases in the world, with approximately 25% of the global population having latent tuberculosis infection. Secondhand smoke exposure has been recognised as a significant risk factor in the development of active Tuberculosis in individuals with latent tuberculosis infection.

Study Design And Methods: This study used the Systematic Literature Review method based on PRISMA guidelines.

Flaxseed powder supplementation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a growing public health problem worldwide, and dietary interventions have important potential in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Moreover, previous animal studies have shown that flaxseed has a good improvement effect in animal NAFLD models. : Assess whether flaxseed powder could improve the liver lipid content in patients with NAFLD.

Extraversion and the Brain: A Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis of Functional Brain Imaging Studies on Positive Affect.

Objective: Extraversion is a fundamental personality dimension that contributes to an individual's overall health and well-being. Many studies have examined the neural bases of extraversion but these results are inconsistent. This study adopted a meta-analysis approach to examine the brain activity correlates of extraversion by incorporating functional neuroimaging studies in the context of positive affect/emotional stimuli.

The Picture of Health: Seeing the Health of the Chronically Challenged Through Van Gogh's Sunflowers as a Needed Revision of the Clinical Perspective.

This article identifies and offers a response to several problems that affect the quality of both clinical education and health care services. These matters are: that in clinical training and practice, health, as lived by patients (persons), is not properly considered, and is equated reductively with treating diseases/disorders; that health is seen through disease, and as restricted to a single model defined by an organism's meeting (or being returned to) biochemical or functional standards; that intellectual assumptions instilled in schools of Medicine and Psychology about realities pertaining to healthcare determine an understanding of chronic illness or life with chronic challenges focused on impairment and suffering, and not on the fuller experience of living with illness, disability or neuropsychological challenges that patients have as persons; that arts-based education reflects the same focus in understanding 'illness', and thus neglects giving attention to the creation of personal health states of those living with challenging or debilitating long-term conditions; that, consequently, the arts are instrumentalized to serve these predefined educational purposes, rather than allowed to inform clinical training through that which is intrinsic or more specific to them. As a way out of these limitations and as an illustration of how things could be done differently, Vincent Van Gogh's paintings of the Sunflowers are used as visual inspiration for how we could change the way we see, and construct new mental representations of 'health', 'chronic illness' or 'chronic challenges', 'patient as person' or even 'person as non-patient', 'the clinician's role' and 'the identity of clinical practice'.

How Can We Make Information on Equity in Clinical Guidelines More Usable for Clinicians? A Case Study Methodology of General Practitioners.

Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are moving toward greater consideration of population-level differences, like health inequities, when creating management recommendations. CPGs have the potential to reduce or perpetuate health inequities. The intrinsic design factors of electronic interfaces that contain CPGs are known barriers to guideline use.