and variants may influence intervertebral disc degeneration.

Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common and complex condition. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the key regulators of angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in various physiological events.

De novo left ventricular non-compaction accompanied by severe mitral valve failure in a young pregnant.

De novo left ventricular non-compaction is a rare pathology in the peripartum period. To the best of our knowledge, pregnancy-induced cardiomyopathy accompanied by severe mitral valve insufficiency requiring surgery during pregnancy has not been previously reported. Herein, we report the first postpartum case of de novo left ventricular non-compaction who underwent mitral valve repair.

A study on the validity and reliability of the Amblyopia andStrabismus Questionnaire (A&SQ) in Turkish.

Background/aim: This study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Amblyopia and Strabismus Questionnaire (AandSQ) that is translated into Turkish.

Materials And Methods: This is a methodological study. A total of 149 patients took part in the survey research between December 2012 and June 2014 in an university hospital, and 37 were retested.

"Mirror-image" bilateral giants: intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms.

The literature on the incidence of "mirror image" bilateral giant intracavernous aneurysms, their symptoms and their association with other entities is reviewed, with a brief comment on their evolution and treatment. A case of "mirror image" bilateral giant intracavernous aneurysms in a 76-year-old man who presented a sudden diplopia with pupillary sparing is reported. A CT scan showed parasellar images and dolichomega circle of Willis arteries that enhanced with endovenous contrast.