Neurological management of ischemic stroke in sickle cell disease- a case report with an updated review of the literature.

Background: In children and adults with sickle-cell disease (SCD), acute ischemic stroke (AIS) associated with a vaso-occlusive crisis is a leading cause of physical and cognitive disability and death. However, neurological guidelines for acute management of AIS fail to directly address this issue. We here report a case of a man with severe cerebrovascular complications and illustrate the current evidence on the management of SCD-related AIS.

Long-term evaluation of neurological outcomes in chemotherapy-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy (PRES) syndrome in children.

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical syndrome with numerous etiologies, mostly characterized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in the posterior cerebral white and gray matter and acute neurological symptoms.

Aim: To examine the predisposing factors, clinical results, and radiological features of PRES in children diagnosed with malignancy.

Materials And Methods: The study included 20 patients (7 F/13 M) aged 4-16 years at the time of diagnosis who were diagnosed with malignancy and developed PRES during chemotherapy.

Epilepsia partialis continua in a child with disseminated tuberculosis: a case report and review of literature.

Tuberculosis can present myriad manifestations, affecting multiple organ systems. Common central nervous system (CNS) manifestations include vomiting, headache, blurred vision, neck stiffness, altered sensorium, seizures, and focal neurological deficits. Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) is a rare manifestation of CNS tuberculosis.

Migraine and cognitive dysfunction: a narrative review.

The association between migraine and cognitive function has been studied during the last decade, however, this relationship is not well established. As migraine prevalence is highest between the ages of 30-40, aligning with some of our most productive years, we must understand cognitive changes within this disorder. Cognitive impairment potentially limits social and professional interactions, thus negatively impacting quality of life.

Inheritance of Primary Headache in Children and Adolescents - A Scoping Review.

Objective The objective is to give an update on the current state of research on the genetics of primary headache in children and adolescents. Background Investigations of the genetics of migraine in adults have changed our understanding of the pathophysiology of migraine, but knowledge from our adult patients cannot be directly applied to pediatric patients. Methods The study was conducted through searches of PubMed and Web of Science.

Efficacy and safety of praziquantel plus artemisinin-based combinations versus praziquantel in the treatment of Kenyan children with infection: open-label, randomized, head-to-head, non-inferiority trial.

Praziquantel alone is insufficient for the control of schistosomiasis due to poor efficacy against juvenile worms and increasing concerns about the risk of drug resistance. We compared the efficacy and safety of praziquantel combined with four different artemisinin-based combinations to praziquantel alone in treating infection in Kenyan children. In this randomized, open-label, five-arm, head-to-head, non-inferiority trial, children (aged 9-15 years) with infection according to duplicate Kato Katz thick smears from a stool sample in the Mwea irrigation scheme of central Kenya, were enrolled.

Clinical and Laboratory Features and Treatment Outcomes of Dengue Fever in Pediatric Cases.

Background Globally, dengue fever (DF) is the leading cause of arthropod-borne viral illness, which considerably contributes to an atrocious death rate. The disease is now endemic in some parts of the world, including Bangladesh. The disorder exhibits a wide range of clinical and laboratory features in children.

Data mining in FAERS: association of newer-generation H1-antihistamines with nervous system disorders.

Background: H1-antihistamines are widely used to treat symptoms depending on histamine release in a variety of conditions. However, neurological adverse events have been reported in post-marketing surveillance studies and there are limited literatures comparing the neurological disorders associated with newer-generation H1-antihistamines from real-world datasets.

Aims: We performed a comparative analysis of nervous system disorders and several newer-generation H1-antihistamines including: cetirizine, loratadine, levocetirizine, desloratadine and fexofenadine.

Prevalence of physical and mental health problems among internally displaced persons in White Nile state, Sudan 2023: a cross sectional study.

Background: Following the latest war in 2023, over nine million people have been internally displaced, of which White Nile State received over 50,000. They lived in different camps and moved to big cities. This study assessed the scope of mental and physical concerns among the IDPs to identify important healthcare needs.

Ca3.2 T-type calcium channels contribute to CGRP- induced allodynia in a rodent model of experimental migraine.

Background: Migraine is a painful neurological syndrome characterized by attacks of throbbing headache, of moderate to severe intensity, which is associated with photo- and phono- sensitivity as well as nausea and vomiting. It affects about 15% of the world's population being 2-3 times more prevalent in females. The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a key mediator in the pathophysiology of migraine, and a significant advance in the field has been the development of anti-CGRP therapies.

Coping strategies to stressful events in adolescents with migraine.

Objective: Several studies examined stress factors in both adult and pediatric patients with migraine, but few of them have analyzed coping strategies adopted to deal with stressful events in pediatric age. In particular, some of these studies have focused on specific migraine populations or have not employed standardized instruments. Our study used a standardized tool to investigate the coping strategies adopted by patients with primary migraine in dealing with stressful events.

Concurrent symptom domains and associations with recovery timelines among collegiate athletes with sport-related concussion.

Objective: Concussion symptoms can be clustered into domains and understanding how multiple symptom domains present clinically may guide more accurate interventions. We investigate the associations between concurrent symptom domains and clinical recovery outcomes, as well as the role of sex in these relationships.

Methods: We analysed data from the Ivy League-Big Ten Epidemiology of Concussion Study and included sport-related concussions (SRC) across five academic years 2015-2016/2019-2020 with complete data (n=1160).

[Analysis of the clinical features and prognosis of neuro-Behcet's syndrome in 5 children].

To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of neuro-Behçet's syndrome (NBS) in children. The clinical, brain magnetic resonance imaging and laboratory data of 5 children with NBS diagnosed in the Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University and Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from April 2014 to April 2024 were analyzed retrospectively. The follow-up method was retrospective outpatient or inpatient visit to evaluate the treatment effect of NBS.

Emergency department management of primary headache disorders in pediatric patients.

Headaches are a common reason for pediatric visits to the emergency department. Emergency clinicians must distinguish between common and dangerous secondary causes of headache and primary headache disorders such as migraine and tension-type headaches. This issue discusses the diagnosis of primary headaches by history and physical examination, the options for first-line treatment of primary headache and for severe or refractory migraines, and procedural interventions that may be considered when other therapies have failed.

A Case Report of Grisel's Syndrome Complicating the Postoperative Course of Craniotomy for a Massive Cystic Brain Lesion.

This report presents the case of a seven-year-old child diagnosed with Grisel's syndrome following a craniotomy for a cystic brain lesion. The patient initially presented with persistent, progressively worsening headaches that coincided with neurological symptoms. Imaging revealed a massive cystic lesion causing a significant compression and midline shift.

Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy: usage patterns and response to treatment in Qatar over ten years.

Background: IVIg is a blood-derived antibody product initially designed as a replacement therapy in inborn errors of immunity (IEIs). However, over the last 50 years, IVIg has been used to treat a growing range of autoimmune, autoinflammatory, and secondary immunodeficiency disorders. The US FDA has licensed IVIg for use in the treatment of nine clinical indications; although, IVIg global usage extends to off-label indications with variable treatment responses.

Calcitonin-Gene-Related Peptide in Migraine and Tension-Type Headache in Children During Interictal Period.

Research on calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) in adult migraine is extensive, but its role in childhood migraine remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate serum CGRP levels in children experiencing migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) during interictal periods, comparing these levels to age-matched healthy controls. A total of 66 migraine patients, 59 with TTH, and 53 controls were recruited and stratified by headache onset age: under 7, 7-12, and over 12 years.

The Role of Mechanosensitive Piezo Channels in Chronic Pain.

Purpose Of Review: Mechanosensitive Piezo channels are ion channels activated by mechanical stimuli, playing a crucial role in mechanotransduction processes and mechanical hypersensitivity. When these channels are subjected to mechanical loading, membrane currents rise instantaneously, depolarizing and activating voltage-gated calcium channels. This results in an increase in intracellular Ca, which contributes to heightened sensitivity to mechanical stimuli.

Prevalence and Surveillance of Influenza Viruses in Hospitalized Patients with Respiratory Infections in and Around Chennai, Southern Part of India.

The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened concerns about increasing cases of human influenza virus, which pose a significant public health threat to the population in and around Chennai. Therefore, this study analyzed the prevalence of influenza viruses, including influenza A (InfA) and its subtypes H1N1 and H3N2, influenza B (InfB), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), in the population of Chennai and surrounding areas. The study included 444 nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples collected between September 2022 and March 2023 from hospitalized patients with severe respiratory symptoms.

Survival benefit of CPAP therapy among dialysis patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Background And Hypothesis: We observed lower risk of all-cause mortally among continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) users compared to those non-users using a large polysomnography (PSG) registry. However, the effect of CPAP on mortality risk has not been examined in dialysis patents.

Methods: We studied 9841 patients with PSG performed from September 1990 to 2010 in Nakamura clinic, Okinawa.

Children with MOG-IgG positive bilateral optic neuritis misdiagnosed as fulminant idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Background: Fulminant idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterized by headache, rapid decrease of vision and elevated CSF-opening pressure.

Objective: To delineate a subgroup of MOGAD mimicking fulminant IIH.

Methods: In this case series children with MOGAD with vision loss, optic disc swelling and elevated CSF opening pressure, initially diagnosed with fulminant IIH, were included.

Retrospective longitudinal study on the long-term impact of COVID-19 infection on polysomnographic evaluation in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome.

Background: To evaluate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on polysomnographic evaluation in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS).

Patients And Methods: A retrospective cohort study of two consecutive overnight polysomnograms (PSG) in 92 PWS patients (mean age 9.1, range 3.

Primary Ewing's Sarcoma affecting the Central Nervous System: A single-center experience and Narrative review.

Background And Objectives: Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) is a malignant round-cell tumor arising from the bone and soft tissue. It is a disease of children and young adults. EWS affecting the central nervous system (cranial and spinal column) is relatively rare with an annual incidence of approximately one case per million in the Western population.

Persistent Social Inequality in Adolescent Health Indicators 1991-2022: Trend Study From Denmark.

Objectives: To examine trends in socioeconomic inequality in adolescent health over three decades, across fifteen health indicators: overweight, underweight, headache, stomachache, backpain, emotional symptoms, difficulties falling asleep, loneliness, low life satisfaction, low self-rated heath, smoking, drunkenness, physical inactivity, low vegetable intake, and inadequate toothbrushing.

Methods: The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Denmark included nine identical surveys of 11-15-year-olds from 1991 to 2022, n = 35,423. For each health indicator, we measured absolute and relative socioeconomic inequality by prevalence differences and odds ratios between low and high socioeconomic groups.

Assessment of the efficacy and safety of neuroendoscopic procedures for intracranial pathologies: A single-centre retrospective study with 318 intracranial endoscopic procedures.

Introduction: Neuroendoscopy has become a well-established procedure for treating various intracranial conditions.

Research Question: We evaluated the advantages of that technique, with focus on adverse events.

Material And Methods: Retrospective analysis included all patients who underwent neuroendoscopic procedures between January 2017 and December 2023.