Lingual Artery Identification for Ligation in Neck Dissection and Transoral Surgery for Oropharyngeal Tumors.

Objectives: Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and transoral laser microsurgery (TOLM) plus neck dissection are viable alternatives to radiotherapy as a treatment modality in select cases of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Many centers advocate for elective ligation of the feeding arteries at index neck dissection prior to TORS/TOLM to mitigate the risk of catastrophic perioperative hemorrhage. Although there are multiple cadaveric studies in the literature to identify the lingual artery at multiple points throughout its course, there are no studies on the intraoperative identification of the lingual artery for elective ligation prior to TORS/TOLM.

An Oxidative Stress Nanoamplifier to Enhance the Efficacy of Cisplatin in Head and Neck Cancer.

Cisplatin (CP) is a first-line platinum-based drug used for the treatment of head and neck cancer. However, tumor cells can diminish the therapeutic effects of CP through the detoxification system mediated by glutathione (GSH) and the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. Herein, we present a light-activable and pH-responsive oxidative stress nanoamplifier (FPLC@IR OSNA), comprising an amphiphilic compound (FPLC) with Fmoc-lysine acting as a connector between a nitroimidazole derivative and a pH-responsive cinnamaldehyde (CA) derivative, loaded with photosensitizer IR780.

Every Face Has a Name: Individuation Training Reduces Implicit Racial Bias.

Addressing racial bias in early childhood is crucial for fostering inclusivity and reducing social inequalities. This study examined the effectiveness of individuation training in reducing racial bias among Canadian preschool-aged children and explored how interracial contact might influence changes in children's implicit anti-Black bias. A total of 113 preschool-age children (60 females, M = 5.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on time to treatment in head and neck cancer management: a systematic review.

Background And Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a need for reorganization in the healthcare systems. First, we aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on time to treatment in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Second, we aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 on tumor stage and changes in treatment regimens used.

Pembrolizumab as first-line treatment for recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancer - real-world single-centre data.

Background And Purpose: The randomised clinical trial KEYNOTE-048 has demonstrated a significant increase in survival for patients with head and neck cancer treated with pembrolizumab with or without chemotherapy. The purpose of the present retrospective study was to investigate whether survival in a group of consecutive patients treated at our department was comparable to the results from KEYNOTE-048.

Patients/material And Methods: Seventy-six patients initiated treatment with pembrolizumab ± platinum/5-FU between July 2020 and May 2022.

Can hearing screening criteria at general health checkups be an indirect indicator of frailty and cognitive deficit in the older population? - with prevalence estimates based on updated World Health Organization hearing loss classification.

Aim: This study aimed to reestimate the prevalence of hearing loss based on the updated World Health Organization hearing loss classification and investigate whether existing hearing screening criteria could efficiently screen for frailty or cognitive deficit.

Methods: Data collected from community dwellers aged 40-91 years included 2325 samples. Health checkup hearing screening used were as follows: (A) 30 dB both at 1 and 4 kHz and (B) 30 dB at 1 kHz and 40 dB at 4 kHz were used.

Computed tomographic features of clinically suspected rhinitis in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

Background: The aim of this study was to characterise the computed tomographic (CT) findings in domestic rabbits with clinically suspected rhinitis and compare them with CT findings in rabbits without clinical signs of rhinitis.

Methods: CT images of rabbits that underwent a CT of the head were retrospectively reviewed and any CT abnormalities were described. Statistical analysis was performed to detect any association between the CT findings and clinical signs of rhinitis, and also to assess if there was any association between rhinitis and otitis media, otitis externa or dental disease.

Computed Tomographic Anatomy of the Head in Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus).

Background: Nowadays, computed tomography (CT) scanning is one of the most practical and precise diagnostic imaging methods that can be utilized to evaluate the head in birds.

Objectives: This study aimed to present the normal anatomical data of the head of the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) using the CT method. In this research, the features of this bird's head were investigated in terms of bones, joints, muscles, sinuses and other constituent tissues.

Assessment of a New CT Detector and Filtration Technology: Part 1 - X-ray Beam Characterization and Radiation Dosimetry.

Purpose: This study evaluated beam quality and radiation dosimetry of a CT scanner equipped with a novel detector and filtration technology called PureVision Optics (PVO). PVO features miniaturized electronics, a detector cut with microblade technology, and increased filtration in order to increase x-ray detection and reduce image noise.

Methods: We assessed the performance of two similar 320-detector CT scanners: one equipped with PVO and one without.

Assessment of a New CT Detector and Filtration Technology: Part 2-Image Quality in Phantoms, Cadavers, and Patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the image quality of a commercial CT scanner equipped with a novel detector and filtration technology called PureVision Optics (PVO).

Methods: CT number, noise, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), modulation transfer function (MTF), and noise power spectrum (NPS) were assessed using the ACR CT Accreditation phantom scanned with various acquisitions at 80 kV, 100 kV, 120 kV, and 135 kV, each with multiple CTDIvol values of 20 mGy, 40 mGy, and 65 mGy. Artifacts were evaluated in an anthropomorphic head phantom, a cadaver head, and in patient studies.

Functional Morphology of Hatching: Ontogeny and Distribution of Hatching Gland Cells in Red-Eyed Treefrogs and a New Marker for Anuran Hatching Enzyme.

Environmentally cued hatching (ECH) is widespread in animals and requires regulation of hatching mechanisms. Enzymatic digestion of the egg membrane is a common hatching mechanism in vertebrates and invertebrates. In amphibians and fishes, hatching enzymes (HE) are synthesized and released by hatching gland cells (HGC), whose functional ontogeny determines when hatching can occur.

Large screen size transparent display using spectrum expanded light field holograms.

Holographic displays have the potential to reconstruct natural light field information, making them highly promising for applications in augmented reality (AR), head-up displays (HUD), and new types of transparent three-dimensional (3D) displays. However, current spatial light modulators (SLMs) are constrained by pixel size and resolution, limiting display size. Additionally, existing holographic displays have narrow viewing angles due to device diffraction limits, algorithms, and optical configurations.

Enhancement of structural and functional photoacoustic imaging based on a reference-inputted convolutional neural network.

Photoacoustic microscopy has demonstrated outstanding performance in high-resolution functional imaging. However, in the process of photoacoustic imaging, the photoacoustic signals will be polluted by inevitable background noise. Besides, the image quality is compromised due to the biosafety limitation of the laser.

Head-to-Head Comparison Between [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi And [18F]F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in Patients With Sarcoma.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic efficacy of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi and [18F]F-FDG PET/CT for detecting primary and metastatic lesions in sarcoma patients.

Trends in Research of Odontogenic Keratocyst and Ameloblastoma.

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and ameloblastoma (AM) are common jaw lesions with high bone-destructive potential and recurrence rates. Recent advancements in technology led to significant progress in understanding these conditions. Single-cell and spatial omics have improved insights into the tumor microenvironment and cellular heterogeneity in OKC and AM.

Expression profiles of NOD1 and NOD2 and pathological changes in gills during Flavobacterium columnare infection in yellow catfish, Tachysurus fulvidraco.

NOD-like receptors are significant contributors to the immune response of fish against different types of pathogen invasion. NOD1 and NOD2 genes of yellow catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco) were identified and characterized in this study. Yellow catfish NOD1 and NOD2 have open reading frames (ORFs) of 2841 and 2949 bp, encoding 946 and 982 amino acids, respectively.

Machine-Learning Predictions of Cochlear Implant Functional Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: Cochlear implant (CI) user functional outcomes are challenging to predict because of the variability in individual anatomy, neural health, CI device characteristics, and linguistic and listening experience. Machine learning (ML) techniques are uniquely poised for this predictive challenge because they can analyze nonlinear interactions using large amounts of multidimensional data. The objective of this article is to systematically review the literature regarding ML models that predict functional CI outcomes, defined as sound perception and production.

Epoetin alfa has a potent anxiolytic effect on naive female rats.

Background: Epoetin alfa is a derivative of the erythropoietin hormone. This study aims to investigate the epoetin alfa effect on anxiety-like behaviors.

Methods: Adult female Wistar Albino rats were divided into Control (n = 8), 1000 U Epoetien alfa, and 2000 U Epoetien alpha.

The role of lipids and lipids lowering drugs in human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV-associated cancers.

Both women and men are now confronted with the grave threat of cancers caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). It is estimated that 80% of women may encounter HPV over their lives. In the preponderance of cases involving anal, head and neck, oral, oropharyngeal, penile, vaginal, vulvar, and cervical malignancies, high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) is the causative agent.

Influence of religion and spirituality on head and neck cancer patients and their caregivers: a protocol for a scoping review.

Introduction: Head and neck cancers (HNC) are devastating, thus imposing a negative impact on the appearance of an individual as well as vital activities such as eating, swallowing, speaking, and breathing. Therefore, HNC patients undergo distress, while their caregivers become overburdened. Religion and spirituality can be helpful for patients and their caregivers from diverse cultural backgrounds to cope with cancer.

Marigold: a machine learning-based web app for zebrafish pose tracking.

Background: High-throughput behavioral analysis is important for drug discovery, toxicological studies, and the modeling of neurological disorders such as autism and epilepsy. Zebrafish embryos and larvae are ideal for such applications because they are spawned in large clutches, develop rapidly, feature a relatively simple nervous system, and have orthologs to many human disease genes. However, existing software for video-based behavioral analysis can be incompatible with recordings that contain dynamic backgrounds or foreign objects, lack support for multiwell formats, require expensive hardware, and/or demand considerable programming expertise.

Generation of IgM B cell-deficient Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated IgM knockout.

Infectious diseases pose significant challenges to Norwegian Atlantic salmon aquaculture. Vaccines are critical for disease prevention; however, a deeper understanding of the immune system is essential to improve vaccine efficacy. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the main antibody involved in the systemic immune response of teleosts, including Atlantic salmon.

Oral microbiota in head and neck cancer patients during radiotherapy: a systematic review.

Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) in the head and neck (HN) area causes a series of oral complications and the oral microbiota may play an important role in these complications. The aim of this systematic review was to explore alterations in the oral microbiota among individuals undergoing RT in the HN region.

Methods: A comprehensive search across six databases and grey literature was made.

Hypersensitivity Reactions to Anticonvulsants.

Background: Antiepileptics are the mainstay of treatment for seizure management. Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions associated with antiepileptics are common. It is important to differentiate between these reactions as management and prognosis varies.