Machine learning models for dementia screening to classify brain amyloid positivity on positron emission tomography using blood markers and demographic characteristics: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Intracerebral amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation is considered the initial observable event in the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Efficient screening for amyloid pathology is critical for identifying patients for early treatment. This study developed machine learning models to classify positron emission tomography (PET) Aβ-positivity in participants with preclinical and prodromal AD using data accessible to primary care physicians.

Collaborative management of severe periodontal-endodontic lesion with intense lip sucking: a case report.

Background: Lip behaviors can lead to maxillofacial developmental disorders such as anterior open bite, posterior crossbite, increased overjet, and a higher risk of developing a Class II malocclusion. However, lip-sucking, a behavior often underreported and overlooked, may adversely affect the periodontal health of permanent teeth in adolescents under extreme conditions if not promptly identified and managed.

Case Presentation: We report a unique case of an 11-year-old boy with a severe periodontal-endodontic lesion on tooth 32, caused by prolonged, high-frequency, and high-intensity lip sucking.

Efficacy and safety of molecular targeted therapies in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a network meta-analysis.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common head and neck cancers worldwide. The majority of the new cases were from Asia and are the leading cause of cancer in China. The main treatment is surgery and radiotherapy with chemotherapy for advanced cases.

Psychotropic Polypharmacy in Dementia: A Retrospective Analysis for People with Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Referred to an Australian Dementia Support Service.

Background And Objectives: Despite their limited benefits and serious adverse effects, psychotropics remain frequently prescribed for neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) of dementia. Psychotropic polypharmacy, the use of two or more concomitant psychotropic medications, is therefore not recommended for people with dementia. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of psychotropic polypharmacy in Australians living with dementia whose caregivers sought external NPS support from Dementia Support Australia (DSA; the national provider of NPS support) and the association of psychotropic polypharmacy with their demographics and NPS characteristics.

Long-term survival analysis based on tumor location in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent pancreatectomy following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Background: The study aimed at assessing whether long-term survival outcomes were different based on tumor location in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients who underwent pancreatectomy following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Methods: Following CRT, resection rate was 60.5% (286/473) and the resected patients had pancreatic head (n = 218), body (n = 34) and tail (n = 34) tumors.

EGEFACE: A new face memory test with static and dynamic images.

Face memory is a crucial cognitive ability necessary for maintaining a healthy social life. Recent studies reveal large individual differences in face recognition ability. Face memory tests are used to evaluate this ability.

Modeling of magnetic vestibular stimulation experienced during high-field clinical MRI.

Background: High-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful diagnostic tool but can induce unintended physiological effects, such as nystagmus and dizziness, potentially compromising the comfort and safety of individuals undergoing imaging. These effects likely result from the Lorentz force, which arises from the interaction between the MRI's static magnetic field and electrical currents in the inner ear. Yet, the Lorentz force hypothesis fails to explain observed eye movement patterns in healthy adults fully.

A biomechanical study of locking spongious screws and failure rates are higher than expected in plate fixation.

Locking plates have a rapidly growing process especially in the past decades and results are satisfactory especially in the osteoporotic bones compared to non-locking compression plates. There are many forms of failure in the fracture fixation of locking plates, and screw pull-out is one of the main failure reasons. In this study, we aim to investigate pull-out failure in locking plates using locking spongious screws.

Bioinformatics approach reveals the critical role of inflammation-related genes in age-related hearing loss.

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is the most prevalent sensory impairment in the elderly. However, the pathogenesis of ARHL remains unclear. This study was aimed to explore the potential inflammation-related genes of ARHL and suggest novel therapeutic targets for this condition.

Hypoxia-tropic delivery of nanozymes targeting transferrin receptor 1 for nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy sensitization.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a malignancy highly prevalent in East and Southeast Asia, is primarily treated with radiotherapy (RT). However, hypoxia-induced radioresistance presents a significant challenge. Nanozymes, nanomaterials with catalase-like activity, have emerged as a promising strategy for radiosensitization by converting elevated hydrogen peroxide in the tumor microenvironment into oxygen.

Analysis of Animal Models of Traumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Based on Blood Supply: A Literature Review.

Traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (TONFH) refers to ischemic osteonecrosis is resulting from an acute mechanical interruption of the blood supply to the femoral head. The early diagnosis and optimal treatment have been central focuses of research and continue to undergo improvement. Reliable animal models are essential for advancing research into the treatment of the disease.

Sound levels in the operating theatre resulting from hammering during cementless total hip arthroplasty.

Background: Although hearing loss in orthopaedic surgeons from exposure to hammering sounds have been previously reported, there are no reports on the noise environment during total hip arthroplasty (THA) in Japan. The aim of this study was to investigate the sound level generated by cementless THA in Japan, and to discuss the broader sound environment within this space.

Methods: 94 cementless THAs (94 patients with informed consent) performed by four surgeons were included.

Deep learning-based detection of incisal translucency patterns.

Statement Of Problem: The evaluation of incisal translucency in anterior teeth greatly influences esthetic treatment outcomes. This evaluation is mostly subjective and often overlooked among dental professionals. The application of artificial intelligence-based models to detect the incisal translucency of anterior teeth may be of value to dentists in their restorative dental practice, but studies are lacking.

Concussion and depressive symptoms in high school students: impact of physical activity and substance use.

Objective: To investigate the association between concussion history and depressive symptoms after adjusting for physical activity, substance use, and illicit drug use.

Methods: We analysed data from the Adolescent Behaviour and Experiences Survey, a nationally representative survey of adolescents in the USA. Our independent variables were history of concussion in the 12 months preceding survey completion; self-reported weekly physical activity (days per week with >60 min of physical activity, 0-7 scale); substance use over the past 30 days (yes vs no) and illicit drug use throughout lifetime (yes vs no).

The Effect of Locking Head Inserts on the Biomechanical Properties of a 3.5-mm Broad Locking Compression Plate When Used in an Open Fracture-Gap Model.

Objective:  To determine the effect of locking head inserts (LHI) on plate strain, stiffness, and deformation when applied to a 3.5-mm broad locking compression plate (LCP) in an open fracture-gap model.

Study Design:  Six, 13-hole, 3.

Identification of scavenger receptor (LmSRA3) gene and its immune response to Aeromonas veronii in Lateolabrax maculatus.

Scavenger receptors (SRs) serve as essential pattern recognition receptors in the innate immune system, playing multiple roles in the immunity of fish. They contribute to defense mechanisms against pathogenic infections through various pathways. However, research on the functions of SRs in the immune response of Spotted sea bass remains limited.

Cost-minimization analysis of the GORTEC 2014-04 randomized phase II study of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) or chemotherapy-SABR in oligometastatic head and neck cancer.

Purpose: The randomized phase II GORTEC 2014-04 and French Head and Neck Intergroup study showed deeper deterioration of the quality of life (HRQoL) and dramatically higher severe toxicity rates with similar overall survival rates using chemo-SABR compared to SABR alone in oligometastatic head and neck cancer (HNSCC) patients. We evaluated the costs associated with SABR-alone versus chemo-SABR and their associated costs (transportation, hospitalizations, etc).

Materials And Methods: 69 HNSCC patients with 1-3 oligometastases and a controlled primary were randomized from September 2015 to October 2022.

Effect of resveratrol on post-thaw motility, kinematics, structural parameters and antioxidant/oxidant status of Kamori buck spermatozoa.

Resveratrol is a polyphenol compound showing strong antioxidant properties. It is believed that semen cryopreservation causes significant sperm losses which eventually affects sperm quality. Improving antioxidant status of semen may reduce this damage and enhance sperm fertilizing potential.

Department of Defense Military Treatment Facility and Community Care Costs After Traumatic Brain Injury in Service Members and Veterans Treated in Veterans Affairs Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers: A VA TBI Model Systems Study.

Objective: To estimate cost models of military traumatic brain injury (TBI) that can provide evidence for future cost-effectiveness analyses highlighted as a gap in the recent National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) report on accelerating progress in TBI.

Setting: Military Treatment Facilities (MTFs) and community care facilities within the Military Health System (MHS).

Participants: 1,101 service members/veterans (SMV) diagnosed with a TBI and treated at a Veterans Administration (VA) Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center (PRC).

Expression rate of LAT1 in high-grade parotid gland carcinoma and potential of BNCT as a treatment option for recurrent parotid gland carcinoma.

Purpose: Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) perform as a treatment option for locally advanced or recurrent unresectable head and neck cancers since June 2020 in Japan. The effect of BNCT on parotid carcinoma, which presents a variety of histologic types, remains unclear. The object of this study was to investigate the antitumor efficacy of BNCT against parotid gland carcinoma by focusing on LAT1, which is involved in the uptake of L-BPA, the boron compound used in BNCT.