Treating coral bleaching as weather: a framework to validate and optimize prediction skill.

Few coral reefs remain unscathed by mass bleaching over the past several decades, and much of the coral reef science conducted today relates in some way to the causes, consequences, or recovery pathways of bleaching events. Most studies portray a simple cause and effect relationship between anomalously high summer temperatures and bleaching, which is understandable given that bleaching rarely occurs outside these unusually warm times. However, the statistical skill with which temperature captures bleaching is hampered by many "false alarms", times when temperatures reached nominal bleaching levels, but bleaching did not occur.

Testing the Stability of Plasma Protein and Whole Blood RNA in Archived Blood of Loggerhead Sea Turtles, .

Sample storage conditions can affect accuracy and reproducibility of biological measurements. Storing samples rapidly at the lowest available temperatures is considered ideal but is not always feasible when sampling in remote and logistically challenging field conditions, as is often the case with sea turtles. The objective of this study was to examine the stability of plasma proteins and quality of whole blood RNA from loggerhead sea turtle samples collected as part of an eighteen-year-long curated specimen collection.

TRPM7 Mediates Neuronal Cell Death Upstream of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II and Calcineurin Mechanism in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury.

Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7), a calcium-permeable, ubiquitously expressed ion channel, is critical for axonal development, and mediates hypoxic and ischemic neuronal cell death in vitro and in vivo. However, the downstream mechanisms underlying the TRPM7-mediated processes in physiology and pathophysiology remain unclear. In this study, we employed a mouse model of hypoxic-ischemic brain cell death which mimics the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Putative Mode of Action of the Monoterpenoids Linalool, Methyl Eugenol, Estragole, and Citronellal on Ligand-Gated Ion Channels.

Essential oil has been used as sedatives, anticonvulsants, and local anesthetics in traditional medical remedies; as preservatives for food, fruit, vegetable, and grain storage; and as bio-pesticides for food production. Linalool (LL), along with a few other major components such as methyl eugenol (ME), estragole (EG), and citronellal, are the active chemicals in many essential oils such as basil oil. Basil oil and the aforementioned monoterpenoids are potent against insect pests.

DNA stable-isotope probing reveals potential key players for microbial decomposition and degradation of diatom-derived marine particulate matter.

Microbially mediated decomposition of particulate organic carbon (POC) is a central component of the oceanic carbon cycle, controlling the flux of organic carbon from the surface ocean to the deep ocean. Yet, the specific microbial taxa responsible for POC decomposition and degradation in the deep ocean are still unknown. To target the active microbial lineages involved in these processes, C-labeled particulate organic matter (POM) was used as a substrate to incubate particle-attached (PAM) and free-living microbial (FLM) assemblages from the epi- and bathypelagic zones of the New Britain Trench (NBT).

sp. nov., a multiple-stress-tolerant bacterium isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample of the New Britain Trench.

A piezotolerant, HO-tolerant, heavy-metal-tolerant, slightly halophilic bacterium (strain NBT06E8) was isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample collected from the New Britain Trench at depth of 8900 m. The strain was aerobic, motile, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive. Growth of the strain was observed at 4-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5-11 (optimum, pH 8-9) and in 0.

Divalent cation influx and calcium homeostasis in germinal vesicle mouse oocytes.

Prior to maturation, mouse oocytes are arrested at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage during which they experience constitutive calcium (Ca) influx and spontaneous Ca oscillations. The oscillations cease during maturation but Ca influx continues, as the oocytes' internal stores attain maximal content at the culmination of maturation, the metaphase II stage. The identity of the channel(s) that underlie this Ca influx has not been completely determined.

Isolation, Structure Determination, and Synthesis of Cyclic Tetraglutamic Acids from Box Jellyfish Species and .

Cubozoan nematocyst venoms contain known cytolytic and hemolytic proteins, but small molecule components have not been previously reported from cubozoan venom. We screened nematocyst extracts of and by LC-MS for the presence of small molecule metabolites. Three isomeric compounds, cnidarins 4A (), 4B (), and 4C (), were isolated from venom extracts and characterized by NMR and MS, which revealed their planar structure as cyclic γ-linked tetraglutamic acids.

Swimming in unsteady water flows: is turning in a changing flow an energetically expensive endeavor for fish?

Unsteady, dynamic flow regimes commonly found in shallow marine ecosystems such as coral reefs pose an energetic challenge for mobile organisms that typically depend on station-holding for fitness-related activities. The majority of experimental studies, however, have measured energetic costs of locomotion at steady speeds, with only a few studies measuring the effects of oscillatory flows. In this study, we used a bidirectional swimming respirometer to create six oscillatory water flow regimes consisting of three frequency and amplitude combinations for both unidirectional and bidirectional oscillatory flows.

Polyphasic taxonomic analysis of Parasedimentitalea marina gen. nov., sp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from deep sea water of the New Britain Trench.

A novel Rhodobacteraceae bacterium, strain W43T, was isolated from a deep-sea water sample from the New Britain Trench. Strain W43T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.5% to Sedimentitalea nanhaiensis DSM 24252T, Phaeobacter gallaeciensis DSM 26640T, Phaeobacter inhibens DSM 16374T, and Phaeobacter porticola P97T.

A Unique, Innovative, Easy-to-Use Program to Improve Young Children's Attitudes About and Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables.

Getting children to eat fruits and vegetables (FV) is an important strategy for the prevention of childhood obesity. However, efforts to increase access to FV have also resulted in many of the vegetables and fruits being wasted, leaving children without the nutritional benefits and the resources not achieving their full desired impact. Multidisciplinary influences have shaped a new program for children ages 2 to 7 that can increase the desirability of and consumption of FV.

Swimming in unsteady water flows: is turning in a changing flow an energetically expensive endeavor for fish?

Unsteady, dynamic flow regimes commonly found in shallow marine ecosystems such as coral reefs pose an energetic challenge for mobile organisms that typically depend on station holding for fitness-related activities. The majority of experimental studies, however, have measured energetic costs of locomotion at steady speeds, with only a few studies measuring the effects of oscillatory flows. In this study, we used a bidirectional swimming respirometer to create six oscillatory water flow regimes consisting of three frequency and amplitude combinations for both unidirectional and bidirectional oscillatory flows.

ImPACT Normative Data of Ethnically Diverse Adolescent Athletes.

Objective: The aim of this research was to develop preliminary norms for the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) administered to a large sample of adolescent athletes from diverse ethnic backgrounds.

Design: A retrospective records review.

Setting: Middle and high school athletic departments.

Factors Contributing to Substance Misuse Treatment Completion among Native Hawaiians, Other Pacific Islanders, and Asian Americans.

: Research on substance abuse treatment completion (SATC) among Asian Americans and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders (NHOPIs) is extremely limited despite growing concern of SA among these groups. : This study examined predictors of SATC among and within Asian, NHOPI, and White racial groups. : 129,939 cases from the SA and Mental Health Services, Treatment Episode Data Set-Discharges-2016 were used in this study.

Physiological and genomic features of Paraoceanicella profunda gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel piezophile isolated from deep seawater of the Mariana Trench.

A novel piezophilic alphaproteobacterium, strain D4M1 , was isolated from deep seawater of the Mariana Trench. 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that strain D4M1 was most closely related to Oceanicella actignis PRQ-67 (94.2%), Oceanibium sediminis O448 (94.

Author Correction: Effects of sampling effort on biodiversity patterns estimated from environmental DNA metabarcoding surveys.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

Tobacco 21 policies in California and Hawaii and sales of cigarette packs: a difference-in-differences analysis.

Objective: To measure the association of raising the minimum legal age of tobacco sales to 21 years (T21) statewide with monthly sales of cigarette packs in California and Hawaii, the first two states to implement T21 statewide.

Methods: State monthly cigarette tax revenues from state departments of taxation were analysed for 11 states from January 2014 through December 2018 (n=660). Monthly cigarette packs sold were constructed using cigarette tax revenue and cigarette tax rate in each state.

Effects of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Autonomic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and psychological distress are associated with poorer prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback (BF) improves autonomic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and psychological distress in other patient populations, but its effect in patients with AIS is still unclear.

Objective: This study investigated the effects of an HRVBF intervention on autonomic function, cognitive impairment, and psychological distress in patients with AIS.

gen. nov., sp. nov., a piezotolerant bacterium isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample of the New Britain Trench.

A novel alphaproteobacterium, strain WS11, was isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample collected from the New Britain Trench. The full-length 16S rRNA gene of strain WS11 had the highest sequence similarity of 97.6 % to JC85, followed by DSM 7292 (96.

Recovery of photodegraded rhodamine 6g in ester-containing polymer matrices.

Self-healing, rhodamine 6g, dye-doped polymers are reported. The amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) photodegrades after repeated exposure to 532 nm laser light at 10 Hz. Recovery of the ASE signal is observed in dye-doped thermoplastic polyurethane and glycol-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate); both polymers contain repeating ester groups in their backbone.

Marine Debris Polymers on Main Hawaiian Island Beaches, Sea Surface, and Seafloor.

Polymeric differences of plastic debris were assessed across four compartments of the Main Hawaiian Islands (sea surface, windward beaches, leeward beaches, and seafloor) to better describe sources and fate. Plastic debris pieces ( = 4671) were collected from 11 beaches, three sea surface tows, and three seafloor dives. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified the polymers of 3551 pieces.

Larval assemblages over the abyssal plain in the Pacific are highly diverse and spatially patchy.

Abyssal plains are among the most biodiverse yet least explored marine ecosystems on our planet, and they are increasingly threatened by human impacts, including future deep seafloor mining. Recovery of abyssal populations from the impacts of polymetallic nodule mining will be partially determined by the availability and dispersal of pelagic larvae leading to benthic recolonization of disturbed areas of the seafloor. Here we use a tree-of-life (TOL) metabarcoding approach to investigate the species richness, diversity, and spatial variability of the larval assemblage at mesoscales across the abyssal seafloor in two mining-claim areas in the eastern Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ; abyssal Pacific).

sp. nov., isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater lake and emended description of the genus .

A novel marine Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain DSL-48, was isolated from tidal flat sediment sampled from the East China Sea and characterized phylogenetically and phenotypically. Bacterial optimal growth occurred at 35 °C (range, 4-37 °C), pH 6 (pH 5-10) and with 4 % (w/v) NaCl (0-7 %). The nearest phylogenetic neighbour was KCTC 52638 with 16S rRNA gene similarity of 97.

Algoriphagus litoralis sp. nov., isolated from the junction between the ocean and a freshwater lake.

A Gram-stain negative, non-motile and short rod shaped bacterium, designated strain DSL-12, was isolated from seawater of the East China Sea and characterised phylogenetically and phenotypically. Optimal growth was found to occur at 28 °C (range 4-40 °C), pH 7 (range 6-12) and with 3% (w/v) NaCl (range 0-8%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain DSL-12 is related to members of the genus Algoriphagus and shares high sequence similarities with Algoriphagus boritolerans DSM 17298 (97.

Sick Students: Presenteeism Among Nursing Students in 3 Countries.

Background: Presenteeism, the act of going to work while sick, is associated with increases in medication errors, patient falls, diminished quality of care, and higher costs. To date, presenteeism has not been described among nursing students.

Purpose: This study described presenteeism in nursing students from 3 different international nursing programs.