Psychological health in preschool children with underweight, overweight or obesity: a regional cohort study.

Objective: To examine if underweight (UW), overweight (OW) or obesity (OB), or body mass index (BMI) expressed as its SD score (BMI SDS), were associated with psychological difficulties in preschool children.

Design: Regional cohort study.

Setting: Oppland County, Norway.

Comparing the impact of upfront radiosurgery versus expectation in vestibular schwannoma (the V-REX study): protocol for a randomised, observer-blinded, 4-year, parallel-group, single-centre, superiority study.

Introduction: The optimal management of small-sized to medium-sized vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a matter of controversy. Clinical results of the prevailing treatment modalities (microsurgery, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and conservative management (CM)) are documented, but comparative studies are few, and none are randomised or blinded. Upfront radiosurgery, or a careful follow-up by MRI with subsequent treatment on growth, are two strategies used at many centres.

Treatment approach and survival from glioblastoma: results from a population-based retrospective cohort study from Western Norway.

Objectives: To evaluate treatment and survival from glioblastoma in a real-world setting.

Design And Settings: A population-based retrospective cohort study from Western Norway.

Participants: 363 patients aged 18 years or older diagnosed with glioblastoma between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2014.

COVID-19 myocarditis and postinfection Bell's palsy.

Here we present the case of a 37-year-old previously healthy man who developed fever, headache and a unilateral, painful neck swelling while working offshore. He had no known contact with anyone with COVID-19; however, due to the ongoing pandemic, a nasopharyngeal swab was performed, which was positive for the virus. After transfer to hospital for assessment his condition rapidly deteriorated, requiring admission to intensive care for COVID-19 myocarditis.

On predictions in critical care: The individual prognostication fallacy in elderly patients.

Predicting the future course of critical conditions involves personal experience, heuristics and statistical models. Although these methods may perform well for some cases and population averages, they suffer from substantial shortcomings when applied to individual patients. The reasons include methodological problems of statistical modeling as well as limitations of cross-sectional data sampling.

The good, the bad and the ugly: pandemic priority decisions and triage.

In this analysis we discuss the change in criteria for triage of patients during three different phases of a pandemic like COVID-19, seen from the critical care point of view. Availability of critical care beds has become a hot topic, and in many countries, we have seen a huge increase in the provision of temporary intensive care bed capacity. However, there is a limit where the hospitals may run out of resources to provide critical care, which is heavily dependent on trained staff, just-in-time supply chains for clinical consumables and drugs and advanced equipment.

Non-infectious rhinitis is more strongly associated with early-rather than late-onset of COPD: data from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS).

Purpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with several co-morbidities and non-infectious rhinitis (NIR) has emerged as a new possible co-morbidity. The primary aim of this study is to confirm a previously reported association between NIR and COPD in a multicentre population over time. The secondary aim is to investigate the course over time of such an association through a comparison between early- and late-onset COPD.

Impact of pulmonary hypertension on outcome in patients with moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation.

Objectives: The true prevalence and disease burden of moderate or severe (significant) tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in patients undergoing routine echocardiography remains unknown. Our aim was to explore the prevalence of significant TR and the impact of pulmonary hypertension (PH) on outcome in a less selected cohort of patients referred to echocardiography.

Methods: From 12 791 echocardiograms performed between January and December 2010, a total of 209 (1.

Frequent refresher training on newborn resuscitation and potential impact on perinatal outcome over time in a rural Tanzanian hospital: an observational study.

Objectives: Globally, perinatal mortality remains high, especially in sub-Saharan countries, mainly because of inadequate obstetric and newborn care. Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) resuscitation training as part of a continuous quality improvement (CQI) programme may improve outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe observed changes in perinatal survival during a 6-year period, while adjusting for relevant perinatal risk factors.

Comparison of physical activity and body composition in a cohort of children born extremely preterm or with extremely low birth weight to matched term-born controls: a follow-up study.

Objectives: To compare physical activity and body composition in a cohort of children born extremely preterm/extremely low birth weight (EP/ELBW) with term-born (TB) controls.

Methods: A regional cohort of children born during 1999-2000 at gestational age <28 weeks or with birth weight <1000 g and their individually matched TB controls were examined in 2010-2011. Information on physical activity was obtained from parental questionnaires, and body composition was determined by anthropometry and dual X-ray absorptiometry.

Higher left ventricular mass-wall stress-heart rate product and outcome in aortic valve stenosis.

Objective: Whether increased myocardial oxygen demand could help explain the association of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy with higher adverse event rate in patients with aortic valve stenosis (AS) is unknown.

Methods: Data from 1522 patients with asymptomatic mostly moderate AS participating in the Simvastatin-Ezetimibe in AS study followed for a median of 4.3 years was used.

Tumor stromal desmoplasia and inflammatory response uniquely predict survival with and without stratification for HPV tumor infection in OPSCC patients.

Background: Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) increases wolrd wide.

Aims/objectives: The objective for this study has been to evaluate tumor phenotypes and tumor host responses with respect to five-year disease-specific survival (DSS) in HPV(+) and HPV(-) patients.

Material And Methods: Two hundred patients with OPSCC have been treated between 1992 and 2010.

International neural monitoring study group guideline 2018 part I: Staging bilateral thyroid surgery with monitoring loss of signal.

This publication offers modern, state-of-the-art International Neural Monitoring Study Group (INMSG) guidelines based on a detailed review of the recent monitoring literature. The guidelines outline evidence-based definitions of adverse electrophysiologic events, especially loss of signal, and their incorporation in surgical strategy. These recommendations are designed to reduce technique variations, enhance the quality of neural monitoring, and assist surgeons in the clinical decision-making process involved in surgical management of recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Good Agreement Between Transabdominal and Endoscopic Ultrasound of the Pancreas in Chronic Pancreatitis.

Purpose:  We aimed to evaluate the agreement of single criteria and dedicated scores from transabdominal ultrasound of the pancreas (US) compared to standards by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and computed tomography (CT).

Materials And Methods:  In this observational cohort study performed in a tertiary care center, US and EUS were performed in 110 patients referred for suspected CP. Based on the Mayo score, 52 patients were diagnosed with CP.

Right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy does not cause more cognitive impairment than pharmacologic treatment in treatment-resistant bipolar depression: A 6-month randomized controlled trial follow-up study.

Objectives: Electroconvulsive therapy is an effective treatment for bipolar depression, but there are concerns about whether it causes long-term neurocognitive impairment.

Methods: In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, in-patients with treatment-resistant bipolar depression were randomized to either algorithm-based pharmacologic treatment or right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy. After the 6-week treatment period, all of the patients received maintenance pharmacotherapy as recommended by their clinician guided by a relevant treatment algorithm.

Feasibility and acceptability of training community health workers in ear and hearing care in Malawi: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and acceptability of training community health workers (CHWs) in ear and hearing care, and their ability to identify patients with ear and hearing disorders.

Design: Cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Setting: Health centres in Thyolo district, Malawi.

Interobserver Variation of the Bolus-and-Burst Method for Pancreatic Perfusion with Dynamic - Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound.

Purpose: Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) can be used for calculating organ perfusion. By combining bolus injection with burst replenishment, the actual mean transit time (MTT) can be estimated. Blood volume (BV) can be obtained by scaling the data to a vessel on the imaging plane.

Implementation of lung cancer CT screening in the Nordic countries.

Introduction: We review the current knowledge of CT screening for lung cancer and present an expert-based, joint protocol for the proper implementation of screening in the Nordic countries.

Materials And Methods: Experts representing all the Nordic countries performed literature review and concensus for a joint protocol for lung cancer screening.

Results And Discussion: Areas of concern and caution are presented and discussed.