[Medical education as a research field in Norway – a bibliometric study].

Background: Medical education is a growing international field of research. However, no overview exists of Norwegian researchers' contribution to the field. This study aimed to identify and describe medical education research originating from Norwegian research institutions.

Takotsubo syndrome during treatment with 5-fluorouracil.

Background: Fluoropyrimidines have been linked to cardiovascular toxicity.

Case Presentation: A woman in her forties with locally advanced rectal cancer received curative-intent treatment according to the RAPIDO protocol. Shortly after starting the first 5-fluorouracil infusion she developed chest/epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting.

Congenital hyperinsulinism.

This clinical review will give doctors who work with children and neonates an introduction to the diagnosis and treatment of congenital hyperinsulinism, the most common cause of persistent neonatal hypoglycaemia. The condition is a rare monogenic disorder characterised by elevated insulin secretion and is a result of mutations in genes that regulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. The anabolic effect of insulin induces systemic glucose uptake and inhibits gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, ketogenesis and lipolysis.

Patients admitted to hospital for vestibular neuritis in 2011-2021.

Background: The incidence of vestibular neuritis in Norway is unknown. The disorder causes acute dizziness, which is a common reason for hospital admission. The objective of this study was to analyse the number of patients admitted to Norwegian hospitals for vestibular neuritis over an eleven-year period.

[Eye disease with myotonic dystrophy type 1].

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is one of the most common genetic neuromuscular diseases in adults. The disease not only affects the musculoskeletal system, but is multisystemic, and ocular involvement with cataract formation is a frequent additional finding. To avoid recurrence of secondary opacification that is difficult to treat, the cataract should not be treated with traditional lens replacement.

A woman in her thirties with facial swelling and necrotic lesions.

A woman in her thirties developed multiple necrotic lesions on her face in a short space of time. A dermatologist recognised clinical features associated with a rare diagnosis, which was eventually confirmed by diagnostic workup. Known atopic eczema increased the risk of a severe course of what was initially a mild disease, and a multidisciplinary approach proved necessary.

Spasticity treatment in Norwegian hospitals.

Background: Spasticity is a frequent complication of diseases of and injuries to the central nervous system. Early treatment prevents further loss of function and spasticity-related complications. Basic spasticity treatment begins in the primary healthcare service and includes physiotherapy, occupational therapy and oral spasmolytics, while treatment with botulinum toxin and baclofen pump is carried out by the specialist healthcare services.

Convalescent plasma from Norwegian blood donors to treat COVID-19.

Background: At the start of the pandemic, the Norwegian Directorate of Health and Norwegian blood banks initiated the production of COVID-19 convalescent plasma within the framework of clinical studies. In this article we describe the blood donors who participated.

Material And Method: Blood donors who had recovered from COVID-19 were recruited to donate single donor plasma for the purpose of patient treatment.

COVID-19 patients treated with convalescent plasma.

Background: In Norway, treatment with COVID-19 convalescent plasma has been given through the NORPLASMA project. The treatment was initially offered to critically ill patients after an individual assessment, but from December 2020, the indication was limited to critically ill, immunocompromised patients. In this article we describe clinical characteristics, comorbidity and mortality in patients who received convalescent plasma in these two periods.

Patients' experiences of living with patellar instability before and after surgery: a qualitative interview study.

Objectives: To explore the experience of living with patellar instability before and after surgery.

Design: Qualitative individual semistructured interviews of patients with patellar instability using a four-step thematic cross-case analysis strategy (systematic text condensation).

Setting: Two orthopaedic units within two large Hospitals in Norway.

Treatment of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.

In recent years, the development of new therapies and improvements in our understanding of older therapies have led to changes in the management of Parkinson's disease. However, current Norwegian and international therapy recommendations present a range of different options as being equally viable. In this clinical review, we propose an updated algorithm for the medical treatment of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease, based on evidence-based recommendations and our own personal experience and opinions.

[Hip dysplasia in infants – screening, treatment and follow-up].

Background: Hip dysplasia occurs in up to 3 % of neonates and if untreated can lead to dislocated hip, osteoarthritis and the need for a hip prosthesis. The study aimed to identify routines for ultrasound screening, treatment and follow-up of hip dysplasia in Norwegian hospitals.

Material And Method: An online questionnaire was sent to radiologists responsible for paediatric examinations at all hospitals with paediatric departments.

Patients over 75 years admitted to the National Burn Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, 2000-19.

Background: The number of burn patients over the age of 75 receiving advanced treatment, including extensive surgery and intensive care, is increasing. We aimed to describe the treatment and outcomes for burn patients over the age of 75 admitted to the National Burn Centre at Haukeland University Hospital. We also wanted to investigate whether frailty scores can be a predictor of the treatment outcome.

[Chronic graft-versus-host disease].

Chronic graft-versus-host disease is a late complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation and leads to chronic inflammation and fibrosis in various organs due to dysregulation of donor immune cells. The disease can occur in all organs, but is most frequently seen in the skin, eyes, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, genitalia, lungs, muscles, fascia and joints. Chronic graft-versus-host disease is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, and treatment requires close collaboration between different parts of the specialist health services.

Diabetic ketoacidosis with SGLT2 inhibitor use - a patient series.

Background: Inhibitors of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2 inhibitors) are increasingly being used to treat type 2 diabetes. Results from previous studies suggest a rising incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis with the use of this medication.

Material And Method: We performed a diagnosis search in the electronic patient records at Haukeland University Hospital for the period 1 January 2013-31 May 2021 with the aim of identifying patients with diabetic ketoacidosis who used SGLT2 inhibitors.

[A man in his fifties with near-syncope episodes and persistent dizziness].

Background: A previously healthy male patient in his fifties presented with subacute onset of severe, diffuse dysautonomia with orthostatic hypotension as the main symptom. A lengthy interdisciplinary workup revealed a rare condition.

Case Presentation: Over the course of a year, the patient was twice admitted to the local department of internal medicine because of severe hypotension.

[Sickle cell disease – clinical manifestations and diagnostics].

Sickle cell disease is a group of diseases presenting with a set of characteristic acute and chronic manifestations. Sickle cell disease has traditionally been uncommon in the Northern European population; however, due to demographic changes, it is increasingly also something that Norwegian clinicians should be cognisant of. In this clinical review article we wish to present a brief introduction to sickle cell disease, with an emphasis on its aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation and how the diagnosis is established based on laboratory testing.

Scoring systems for early detection of sepsis on the ward.

Background: Sepsis is one of the most common causes of death in Norwegian hospitals. The condition is often overlooked with treatment being delayed. Scoring systems to detect patients with sepsis have mostly been studied in emergency departments and more rarely on wards.

[Glioblastoma in adults].

Glioblastoma is the most common form of primary brain cancer in adults, and the disease has a serious prognosis. Although great progress has been made in molecular characteristics, no major breakthroughs in treatment have been achieved for many years. In this article we present a clinical review of current diagnostics and treatment, as well as the challenges and opportunities inherent in developing improved and more personalised treatment.

Gentamicin serum concentration measurement in children.

Background: Gentamicin is often used to treat serious paediatric infections. It has been standard practice in Norway to measure the serum concentration of gentamicin immediately prior to the second or third dose (pre-dose [trough] concentration) to assess the risk of toxicity. The clinical significance of such measurements in children has not previously been evaluated in Norway.

Contribution of information about acute and geriatric characteristics to decisions about life-sustaining treatment for old patients in intensive care.

Background: Life-sustaining treatment (LST) in the intensive care unit (ICU) is withheld or withdrawn when there is no reasonable expectation of beneficial outcome. This is especially relevant in old patients where further functional decline might be detrimental for the self-perceived quality of life. However, there still is substantial uncertainty involved in decisions about LST.