Entropion.

Entropion, or the inward turning of the eyelid, is common, particularly in older patients. The condition is classified as involutional, cicatricial, spastic or congenital. Involutional entropion is most common and typically treated with lateral tarsal strip, which may be combined with other techniques for eyelid eversion.

[Not Available].

Background: The main purpose of national medical quality registries is to contribute to better patient treatment. The registries are also used in research and as management tools. The aim of the study was to investigate data quality in the Norwegian Myocardial Infarction Registry by comparing the proportion of correctly registered variables with a reference standard.

Pulmonologists' experiences with palliative sedation for terminally ill patients.

Bakgrunn: Legeforeningen har utarbeidd retningslinjer for lindrande sedering i livets sluttfase, sist revidert i 2014. Vi ville undersøke lungelegar sin kjennskap til retningslinjene og bruk av lindrande sedering ved lungesjukdomar.

Materiale Og Metode: Eit elektronisk spørjeskjema blei sendt til alle medlemmer av Norsk forening for lungemedisin (529 legar) i oktober 2022.

[Not Available].

Background: Spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus is a potentially fatal condition. Symptoms can vary and diagnosis can be challenging.

Case Presentation: A woman in her seventies presented to the emergency department with sudden-onset epigastric pain after a meal.

Surgery for intestinal injuries in very preterm infants: a Norwegian population-based study with a new approach to disease classification.

Objective: To evaluate population-based data on very preterm infants (<32 weeks gestation) operated for intestinal injuries, focusing on necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) and focal intestinal perforation (FIP).

Design: Nationwide, population-based registry cohort study.

Setting: All 21 neonatal units in Norway.

A woman in her thirties with confusion.

Background: Coercion is rare in cancer treatment. We present a case where a young woman received gamma knife radiosurgery and immunochemotherapy under compulsory institutional care.

Case Presentation: A previously healthy patient in her thirties was admitted to hospital due to confusion, apathy, weight loss and sleep disturbance.

Anaphylaxis triggered by alpha-gal allergy.

Background: Alpha-gal allergy or red meat allergy is a rare yet potentially severe allergy. Sensitisation usually occurs when alpha-gal present in the tick's saliva is transferred to humans during a tick bite, prompting the production of IgE antibodies to alpha-gal. Subsequent exposure to mammalian meat or other products containing alpha-gal can lead to allergic reactions.

Patient influx to emergency departments at two Norwegian university hospitals from 2012-21.

Background: The increase in patient visits to emergency departments is a global challenge. We wished to survey patient inflow and patient composition over time at two Norwegian university hospitals.

Material And Method: A retrospective, descriptive study of patient contacts (patients ≥ 16 years of age) in the emergency departments of Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, and St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital in the period 2012-21.

A woman in her thirties with dyspnoea two weeks after abdominoplasty.

Background: While most cases of venous thromboembolism follow a benign course, occasionally the condition may manifest a complex clinical presentation and need a comprehensive diagnostic workup to identify the underlying cause and provide the patient with appropriate treatment.

Case Presentation: A woman in her late thirties presented to the emergency department with a five-day history of dyspnoea. She had recently undergone liposuction surgery after pregnancy.

A woman in her seventies with fever and convulsions.

Background: Chagas encephalitis is a rare but severe manifestation of reactivation in patients with chronic Chagas disease.

Case Presentation: A woman in her seventies who was immunosuppressed after a heart transplant due to Chagas disease was admitted with convulsions, headache and visual disturbances. She developed fever, confusion and repeated convulsions.

[Breast cancer in men – histopathology and biomarkers].

Background: Breast cancer in men accounts for around 1 % of all cases of the disease. The study aimed to identify histopathological parameters and selected biomarkers in men with breast cancer.

Material And Method: Retrospective study of archival material from 53 men diagnosed with breast cancer at the department of pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, in the period 1996-2020.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 - a multiorgan disorder.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is an autosomal dominant, inherited multiorgan disorder that can affect people of all ages. It is the most prevalent inherited muscular disease in adults. Late diagnosis points to limited knowledge among the medical community that symptoms other than typical muscular symptoms can dominate.

Dietary guidance from GPs - what do patients report?

Background: Diet can have a major impact on health. In this study, we surveyed the extent to which the subject of diet was raised by patients in general practice and which patients desired such discussions.

Material And Method: We conducted a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study of patients ≥ 18 years of age at GP practices in Western Norway in 2022.

[A child with persistent anaemia].

Background: Anemia in children is common and finding the underlying cause is often uncomplicated. However, in some cases, the underlying diagnosis is rare and difficult to diagnose.

Case Presentation: A toddler presented with severe anemia with normal red cell indices and a low reticulocyte count.

Treating status epilepticus in adults.

This clinical review examines the treatment of status epilepticus, a condition in which epileptic seizures are prolonged and pose a significant risk of brain damage and death. International guidelines recommend the use of benzodiazepines as first-line treatment, and these should be administered promptly and in appropriate doses. Second-line treatment involves the use of high-dose anti-seizure medications to stop and prevent seizures.

A man in his sixties with life-threatening febrile illness after travel abroad.

Background: African sleeping sickness is a neglected tropical disease seldom seen in European travellers.

Case Presentation: While working in Eastern Africa, a Norwegian man in his sixties developed weakness and fever. He was prescribed doxycycline after a negative malaria rapid test.

[Is individualized education for a medical students desirable? A common policy on how to handle medical students requests for individual adaptations is needed].

In Sweden, freedom of conscience for health care professionals is not legally permitted. However, requests from medical students to adjust and/or skip compulsory learning activities because of their religious and moral convictions appear to get more abundant. This creates problems when learning activities are directly related to the examination objectives stated by the Higher Education Ordinance of Sweden.

Necrotising soft tissue infections.

Necrotising soft tissue infections can affect the skin, subcutaneous tissue, superficial fascia, deep fascia and musculature. The infections are severe, they spread quickly and can result in extensive tissue loss. Although rare, morbidity and mortality rates are high.

Non-fatal overdose with a new synthetic opioid.

A young man experienced respiratory arrest at home, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed. The patient received naloxone with good effect and was admitted to hospital. He disclosed opioid use, but no substances were detected in routine drug screenings.

Triaging of acutely ill children transported by ambulance.

Background: The Western Norway Regional Health Authority uses SATS Norge (SATS-N), a modified version of the South African Triage Scale, in all accident and emergency departments (A&E) and ambulance services in the region. The purpose of the study was to examine the validity of the paediatric component of SATS-N used for children transported to hospital by ambulance for emergency medical assistance.

Material And Method: We conducted a retrospective observational study which included all children in the age group 0-14 years, admitted by ambulance to A&E at Haukeland University Hospital for emergency medical assistance in the period from January to June 2020.

[Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) - a clinical update of knowledge].

Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD, is a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a condition where one or more very traumatic events, that include life-threatening or extreme psychological stress, have left permanent traces of distress that induce sustained suffering.  In this clinical overview, we present current updates in diagnostic criteria and a new diagnosis of complex PTSD, and discuss the problems caused by the new PTSD diagnosis criteria partially differing in the DSM-5 and ICD-11 diagnostic manuals. Diagnostic challenges caused by symptom variations is discussed, as well as the high degree of comorbidity with other psychiatric and somatic illnesses.

[PTSD and Complex PTSD - Assessment, management and treatment].

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disruptive condition associated with great suffering. Fortunately, effective treatments are available. Assessment of children and adolescents with symptoms of PTSD is done within the child and adolescent mental health services.