Effectiveness of pharmacological therapies for fibromyalgia syndrome in adults: an overview of Cochrane Reviews.

Objectives: To summarise and evaluate Cochrane reviews of pharmacological therapies for adults with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) pain.

Methods: Systematic search of Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to May 2024. Generic quality assessment used AMSTAR-2 criteria, validity checks of potentially critical factors in evaluation of analgesic efficacy, and assessment of susceptibility of results to publication bias.

Plasma protein dynamics during ipilimumab treatment in metastatic melanoma: associations with tumor response, adverse events and survival.

The immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab provides long term survival in some metastatic melanoma patients, but the majority has no benefit, and may experience serious side effects. Here, we investigated the dynamics of plasma cytokine concentrations and their potential utility for predicting treatment response, adverse events and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic melanoma undergoing ipilimumab monotherapy. A cohort of 148 patients was examined, with plasma samples collected prior to treatment initiation and at the end of the first and second treatment cycles.

Subcellular NAD pools are interconnected and buffered by mitochondrial NAD.

The coenzyme NAD is consumed by signalling enzymes, including poly-ADP-ribosyltransferases (PARPs) and sirtuins. Ageing is associated with a decrease in cellular NAD levels, but how cells cope with persistently decreased NAD concentrations is unclear. Here, we show that subcellular NAD pools are interconnected, with mitochondria acting as a rheostat to maintain NAD levels upon excessive consumption.

Are ultrasound salivary parenchymal lesions more severe in primary Sjögren patients with a longer disease duration? A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Salivary gland ultrasound (SGUS) has an interest in primary Sjögren's disease (pSD) for diagnosis, but the evolution of parenchymal lesions over time is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the severity of ultrasound abnormalities in relation to pSD duration from the time of buccal dryness onset.

Methods: In this cross-sectional international multicentre study, patients with pSD according to the 2002 or 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria were included.

Methods and equipment available for prehospital treatment of accidental hypothermia: a survey of Norwegian prehospital services.

Background: Accidental hypothermia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and poses a significant challenge for both professional and volunteer rescue services in prehospital settings. This study investigated the methods and equipment available to treat patients with cold stress or accidental hypothermia before reaching hospital in Norway.

Methods: We surveyed 156 respondents representing 708 units from both the professional and volunteer Norwegian prehospital chain of care between 2023 and 2024.

A high polygenic risk score is associated with SSA/SSB antibody positivity and early onset in primary Sjögren's disease.

Objectives: To calculate a polygenic risk score (PRS) based on single nucleotide variants (SNVs) previously associated with primary Sjögren's disease (SjD) with genome-wide significance, and determine the genetic risk for SjD stratified by antibodies, sex and age at diagnosis.

Methods: Patients with SjD (n = 1065) were genotyped using Illumina OmniExpressExome chip. Control genotype data were available (n = 7742).

Efficacy of metacognitive interventions for psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Metacognitive interventions have received increasing interest the last decade and there is a need to synthesize the evidence of these type of interventions. The current study is an updated systematic review and meta-analysis where we investigated the efficacy of metacognitive interventions for adults with psychiatric disorders. We included randomized controlled trials that investigated either metacognitive therapy (MCT; developed by Wells) or metacognitive training (MCTraining; developed by Moritz).

The prognostic impact of C-reactive protein and albumin in patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia.

Background: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive and heterogeneous malignant disease. Patient age, comorbidities and disease-specific genetic abnormalities are recognized as primary determinants of treatment response. Recent years have elucidated the significance of nutritional status and inflammation across various malignancies, including AML, in influencing treatment outcomes.

Clinical examination for identifying low-risk pregnancies suitable for expectant management beyond 40-41 gestational weeks: maternal and fetal outcomes.

Purpose: There is an ongoing discussion on whether the benefits of term elective labor induction outweigh its potential risks. This study evaluated the utility of a comprehensive clinical examination in identifying low-risk pregnancies suitable for expectant management beyond gestational age 40‒41 weeks and compared their outcomes with earlier labor induction by indication.

Methods: Pregnant women (n = 722) with ≥ 40 + 0 gestational weeks referred to a tertiary hospital were included in this prospective cohort.

Hepcidin as a therapeutic target in iron overload.

Introduction: Dysregulation of the hepcidin-ferroportin axis is a hallmark in the pathogenesis of iron overload, ultimately leading to end-organ injury. Hereditary hemochromatosis and iron-loading anemias are characterized by a hepcidin deficiency, making hepcidin a novel therapeutic target for preventing and managing iron overload.

Areas Covered: Modulators of hepcidin expression and molecules mimicking hepcidin are emerging as highly promising therapeutic strategies.

Protocol for the development of a bioluminescent AML-PDX mouse model for the evaluation of CAR T cell therapy.

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of acute myeloid leukemia (AML-PDX) offer advantages over cell line models by capturing the complexity and heterogeneity of patient-derived samples. Here, we present a protocol for developing a bioluminescent AML-PDX model in mice to evaluate chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. We describe steps for transducing, engrafting, expanding, and enriching AML-PDX cells.

Proportions of IgA antibodies targeting glycosylated epitopes of secreted Escherichia coli mucinase YghJ in initial plasmablast response differ from salivary and intestinally secreted IgA.

Mucosal infections normally cause an immune response including activation of antigen-specific B cells in regional mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. After recirculation of plasmablasts, and maturation at mucosal surfaces or bone marrow, plasma cells produce secretory or systemic IgA. It remains uncertain to what extent secretory and systemic IgA share the same target specificities.

Aging and infectious diseases in myasthenia gravis.

Over the past 120 years, mortality associated with myasthenia gravis (MG) has steadily decreased while the incidence of MG has increased. While mortality due to MG has been ≤5 % for at least the past 25 years, the prevalence of MG has increased. This increase in prevalence of MG may be due, in part, to improvements in diagnostics but also to an aging global population and immunosenescence as the largest increases in MG prevalence have been in patients ≥65 years old.

Future biomarkers for acute graft-versus-host disease: potential roles of nucleic acids, metabolites, and immune cell markers.

Introduction: Acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) is a potentially lethal complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Biomarkers are used to estimate the risk of aGVHD and evaluate response to treatment. The most widely used biomarkers are systemic levels of various protein mediators involved in immunoregulation or reflecting tissue damage.

Medical costs of treating myasthenia gravis in patients who need intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) - a register-based study.

Background: Several innovative treatments are expected for myasthenia gravis (MG) in the coming years. Healthcare payers usually require cost-effectiveness analyses before reimbursement. We aimed to investigate resource utilization and direct medical costs for patients with MG treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) to inform such analyses.

ESHO 2-85. Hyperthermia as an adjuvant to radiation therapy in the treatment of advanced neck nodes: A randomized multicenter study by the European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology.

Background And Purpose: European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology (ESHO) 2-85 is a multicenter randomized trial investigating hyperthermia (HT) as an adjuvant to radiotherapy (RT) in treatment of locally advanced neck nodes. The trial never fulfilled recruitment and was stopped prematurely, and has not previously been published.

Patients And Methods: Between January 1987 and February 1993, 64 evaluable neck nodes in 54 patients were included.

Number of Doses of Systemic Antibiotic Prophylaxis May Be Reduced in Cemented Primary Knee Arthroplasty Irrespective of Use of Antibiotic in the Cement: A Multiregistry-Based Meta-Analysis.

Background: The use of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) and antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) is the accepted practice to reduce the risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in primary total knee arthroplasty (pTKA). However, practice varies internationally. This study's primary aim was to compare the risk of PJI revision after pTKA with ALBC + SAP vs.

Associations between sleep duration, insomnia, depression, anxiety and registry-based school grades: A longitudinal study among high-school students.

This study explored the prospective associations between sleep patterns, mental health and registry-based school grades among older adolescents. In the spring of 2019, 1st year high-school students in Western Norway were invited to a survey assessing habitual sleep duration, insomnia, depression and anxiety. Sleep patterns, depression and anxiety were assessed using the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, the Bergen Insomnia Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7.

Evidence-based guideline: premature ovarian insufficiency.

Study Question: How should premature/primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) be diagnosed and managed based on the best available evidence from published literature?

Summary Answer: The current guideline provides 145 recommendations on symptoms, diagnosis, causation, sequelae, and treatment of POI.

What Is Known Already: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) presents a significant challenge to women's health, with far-reaching implications, both physically and emotionally. The potential implications include adverse effects on quality of life; fertility; and bone, cardiovascular, and cognitive health.

Palbociclib plus letrozole in estrogen receptor-positive advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer: Double-blind placebo-controlled randomized phase II ENGOT-EN3/PALEO trial.

Purpose: The CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib inhibits cyclin A, which is overexpressed in endometrial cancer. Combining palbociclib with endocrine therapy improves efficacy in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. We investigated palbociclib combined with endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor-positive advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer.

Kidney stone analysis: an EAU section of urolithiasis (EULIS) survey on current practices and perspectives worldwide.

Purpose: To investigate the current thoughts and perspectives on kidney stone analysis amongst urologists and urology residents worldwide.

Methods: In October 2022 an online survey supported by the EULIS was circulated amongst urologists and urology residents worldwide. The survey was based on the current EAU guidelines regarding stone analysis and its role in urolithiasis management.

Sex-based differences in risk of revision for infection after hip, knee, shoulder, and ankle arthroplasty in osteoarthritis patients: a multinational registry study of 4,800,000 implants.

Background And Purpose:  We aimed to determine sex differences for periprosthetic joint infections after primary arthroplasty of the hip, knee, ankle, and shoulder in osteoarthritis patients in an international perspective.

Methods:  This is a multinational combined arthroplasty registry study. Each arthroplasty registry performed Cox-regression analysis of their data and reported the crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with an a priori designed data form.

Extended-release hydrocortisone formulations - Is there a clinically meaningful benefit?

Despite best practice replacement therapy with corticosteroids, patients with adrenal insufficiency report diminished quality of life and face increased mortality and morbidity. Conventional formulations of hydrocortisone have short half-lives (about 90 minutes) requiring multiple dosing during the day. Extended-release hydrocortisone (ER-HC) formulations have since 2011 been available enabling once, sometimes twice daily dosing.