Discriminant Validity of the Standardized On-Road Assessment for Drivers (SOAD) Among Stroke Patients in Japan.

Introduction: On-road tests are considered the gold standard for evaluating real-world driving skills. However, their reliability and validity remain inadequately established, particularly under varying legal and road conditions across countries.

Aim: This study investigates the discriminant validity of the closed-course version of the Standardized On-Road Assessment for Drivers (SOAD) in Japan.

Cognitive effect of passively induced kinesthetic perception associated with virtual body augmentation modulates spinal reflex.

The virtual movement of an augmented body, perceived as part of oneself, forms the basis of kinesthetic perception induced by visual stimulation (KINVIS). KINVIS is a visually induced virtual kinesthetic perception that clinically suppresses spasticity. The present study hypothesized that central neural network activity during KINVIS affects subcortical neural circuits.

Predictors of Complete Oral Intake in Patients With Stroke After Tracheostomy.

Background: Tracheostomy procedures inhibit swallowing, although details of subsequent recovery of oral intake remain unknown. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate factors influencing dysphagia improvement in patients with subacute stroke after tracheostomy.

Methods And Results: The study included 117 patients who underwent tracheostomy after subacute stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, or endogenous subarachnoid hemorrhage and received care at 2 convalescent rehabilitation wards in urban and suburban Japan between 2015 and 2022.

Characteristics of limb kinematics in the gait disorders of post-stroke patients.

Post-stroke gait disorders involve altered lower limb kinematics. Recently, the endpoint of the lower limb has been used as a control variable to understand gait kinematics better. In a cross-sectional study of sixty-seven post-stroke patients, the limb extension angle and effective limb length during gait were used as input variables with a mixed Gaussian model-based probabilistic clustering approach to identify five distinct clusters.

Transitions of Activities of Daily Living Status among Inpatients with Subacute Stroke: A Latent Class Approach.

Objectives: This study investigated the transition patterns of activities of daily living (ADL) status based on the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) motor and cognitive items in patients who experienced subacute stroke.

Methods: In this single-site, retrospective investigation, 1592 FIM samples were collected during the hospitalization of 373 stroke patients who were admitted between April 2018 and March 2020. FIM item levels were transformed from seven to three (FIM1-2, Complete Dependence; FIM3-5, Modified Dependence; FIM6-7, Independence).

Relationship between initial nutritional status and functional independence measures at discharge in subacute stroke.

Objective: This retrospective study examined the association between nutritional status at admission and functional independence measure (FIM™) at discharge.

Materials And Methods: This study included 205 patients, aged ≥ 65, discharged from a convalescent ward between April 2017 and March 2018. The primary outcome was discharge FIM, and the secondary outcomes were the length of stay (LOS) and FIM efficiency.

Physical activity according to sit-to-stand, standing, and stand-to-sit abilities in subacute stroke with walking difficulty: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study investigated the characteristics of physical activity according to sit-to-stand, standing, and stand-to-sit abilities in subacute stroke with walking difficulty.

Methods: In this study, 29 participants with subacute stroke and walking difficulty were enrolled and classified into two groups: participants who successfully completed three items (i.e.

Investigation of the Effect of Nutritional Supplementation with Whey Protein and Vitamin D on Muscle Mass and Muscle Quality in Subacute Post-Stroke Rehabilitation Patients: A Randomized, Single-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

In post-stroke hemiparesis patients, the skeletal muscle mass decrease rapidly with the histological degradation. We investigated the effect of nutritional supplementation with whey protein and vitamin D on the muscle mass and muscle quality, in post-stroke convalescent rehabilitation patients in a randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Fifty patients were randomly assigned to two groups; HP group received supplemental jelly (100 kcal; whey protein 10 g; vitamin D 20 μg) twice a day throughout up to 16-week period, the control group received placebo jelly.

Reliability of measurement using Image J for reach distance and movement angles in the functional reach test.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) of reach distance and movement angle analyses using Image J. [Participants and Methods] Thirty-eight healthy young males performed the functional reach test (FRT) twice, and their reach movements were recorded using a digital video camera. Image J was used to combine the digital photographs taken at the start position and maximum reach and to measure each movement.

Effects of Different Orthoses Used for Gait Training on Gait Function among Patients with Subacute Stroke.

Objectives: To facilitate selection of the appropriate orthosis, this study assessed functional ambulation outcomes of subacute stroke patients using either an ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) or a knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO).

Methods: The subjects were newly diagnosed hemiplegic stroke patients admitted to Hatsudai Rehabilitation Hospital between January and June 2016. Differences between the AFO group and the KAFO group were examined using unpaired -tests.

Daytime physical activity at admission is associated with improvement of gait independence 1 month later in people with subacute stroke: a longitudinal study.

: Little is known about the benefits of daytime physical activity on gait ability in subacute stroke.: We investigated association between daytime physical activity at hospital admission and improvement of gait independence 1 month later in subacute stroke.: Thirty-four participants with subacute stroke who could not walk independently were assessed.

Characteristics of intensity-based physical activity according to gait ability in people hospitalized with subacute stroke: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Gait ability may be related to the level of intensity-based physical activity in people who have experienced a stroke; however, this relationship has not been explored in previous studies. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of intensity-based physical activity according to gait ability and to explore the factors related to different intensity physical activity.

Method: Eighty hospitalized participants with subacute stroke were assigned to three groups based on their gait ability: group 1 (n = 28) could walk independently with a maximal gait speed (MGS) of more than 0.

Early effects of a knee-ankle-foot orthosis on static standing balance in people with subacute stroke.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the early effects of a knee-ankle-foot orthosis on static standing balance in people with subacute stroke. [Participants and Methods] Timed static standing balance in four standing conditions (feet apart with eyes open, feet apart with eyes closed, feet together with eyes open, and tandem stance with eyes open) was assessed in 29 inpatients (mean age: 67.3 ± 13.

Effect of kinesthetic illusion induced by visual stimulation on ankle dorsiflexion dysfunction in a stroke patient: ABAB single-case design.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of simultaneous intervention with the kinesthetic illusion induced by visual stimulation (KiNvis) and voluntary exercise on ankle dorsiflexion dysfunction in a patient with right-sided stroke hemiparesis. Within an ABAB single-case design, we conducted two phases each lasting five days. Phase A represented the baseline during which only voluntary ankle dorsiflexion (VAD) was performed.

Differences in activities of daily living between people with subacute stroke who received knee-ankle-foot and ankle-foot orthoses at admission.

[Purpose] This study aimed to identify the preferential factor of activities of daily living disabilities for selecting between knee-ankle-foot orthosis and ankle-foot orthosis prescription in the early stage after admission. [Participants and Methods] This study included 442 inpatients who had a subacute stroke and received either knee-ankle-foot orthosis or ankle-foot orthosis after admission (mean age, 69 years). The functional independence measure was investigated within 1 week after admission.

The known-groups validity of intensity-based physical activity measurement using an accelerometer in people with subacute stroke.

[Purpose] This study aimed to assess the known-groups validity of the estimated metabolic equivalents during physical activities using accelerometer, Active Style Pro HJA 350-IT, in people with subacute stroke. [Subjects and Methods] Ten participants with subacute stroke and ten healthy people performed six activities (lying, sitting, standing, sitting with reaching task, standing with reaching task, and walking) and metabolic equivalents were estimated using the accelerometer during each activity. These estimated metabolic equivalents were compared with reported metabolic equivalents through compendiums or previous studies.

Malnutrition risk predicts recovery of full oral intake among older adult stroke patients undergoing enteral nutrition: Secondary analysis of a multicentre survey (the APPLE study).

Background & Aims: Whether malnutrition risk correlates with recovery of swallowing function of convalescent stroke patients is unknown. This study was conducted to clarify whether malnutrition risks predict achievement of full oral intake in convalescent stroke patients undergoing enteral nutrition.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of 466 convalescent stroke patients, aged 65 years or over, who were undergoing enteral nutrition.

Usefulness of ¹¹C-methionine positron emission tomography for treatment-decision making in cases of non-enhancing glioma-like brain lesions.

The present study evaluated usefulness of the positron emission tomography with (11)C-methionine for prediction of the clinical course and treatment decision-making in adult patients with newly diagnosed non-enhancing brain lesions mimicking low-grade gliomas. Retrospective analysis was done in 163 cases. In overall, 131 tumors underwent surgical resection, which in 34 cases was done after initial period of observation.

The effect of aging on vertical postural control during the forward and backward shift of the center of pressure.

Preventing fall-related injuries is becoming a priority as the world population ages. This study's purpose was to examine the effect of aging on vertical postural control in the community-dwelling elderly. Thirty-six elderly individuals and twenty-two healthy young adults were asked to shift their centers of pressure (COPs) as far as possible while standing.

The effects of comprehensive exercise program on the adjustments of standing balance in community-dwelling elderly persons.

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of comprehensive exercise program widely accepted as a community-based physical intervention for the prevention of falling in the elderly persons on their controlling standing balance. Twenty-six community-dwelling elderly persons (13 males and females; 69.8 ± 2.

Factors related to independent social living of poststroke patients with mild impairment.

Purpose: To evaluate factors related to independent social living of poststroke patients with mild impairment who live at home after hospitalization.

Participants: Forty-one participants were selected who scored 80 points or more on the Barthel Index (BI) and 25 or more points on the revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R). All of them returned home after receiving functional exercises for poststroke rehabilitation.