A comparative study of various modalities in the treatment of keloids.

Introduction: Treatment of keloids is a challenge as a result of paucity of effective treatment modalities, significant side effects, and their recurrent nature. In this study, various treatment modalities were compared to search for a treatment option with maximum efficacy and minimum side effects.

Methods: One hundred patients were recruited into five treatment groups of 20 patients in each.

Potassium hydroxide mount with cellophane adhesive tape: a method for direct diagnosis of dermatophyte skin infections.

Background: Potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount is a simple and rapid procedure that can be performed with minimal resources and provides results within 1-2 h.

Aim: To further optimize KOH mount using transparent cellophane tape to ascertain fungal elements, even by inexperienced personnel.

Methods: A split-body study was conducted on 100 patients with tinea cruris.

Comparative analysis of influence of adductor canal block and multimodal periarticular infiltration versus adductor canal block alone on pain and knee range of movement after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective non-randomised study.

Purpose: Pain management after total knee arthroplasty has seen many recent advances such as peripheral nerve blocks in order to improve the functional outcome and reduce morbidity after surgery. Adductor canal block (ACB) and multimodal periarticular infiltration (MPI) are two techniques that have been proven to be efficacious individually. We hypothesized that the combination of ACB with MPI would reduce pain and improve knee range of movement (ROM) compared to ACB alone.

Evaluation of nitrous oxide-oxygen and triclofos sodium as conscious sedative agents.

Background: Conscious sedation is used in the pediatric dentistry to reduce fear and anxiety in children and promote favorable treatment outcomes. To achieve them, the primary clinical need is for a well-tolerated, effective, and expedient analgesic and sedative agent that is safe to use.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of nitrous oxide-oxygen and triclofos sodium as conscious sedative agents in 5-10-year-old children.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pediatricians regarding pediatric liquid medicaments.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pediatricians regarding pediatric liquid medicaments (PLMs) and its effect on dental health.

Materials And Methods: A convenience sample of 103 pediatricians was asked to answer a questionnaire.

Results: A total number of 87 pediatricians completed the questionnaires.

Intralesional Vitamin D Injection in the Treatment of Recalcitrant Warts: A Novel Proposition.

Background: Verruca vulgaris (viral warts) is a fairly common condition with a plethora of treatment options having variable success rates. Recalcitrant warts are refractory to treatment with often disappointing response and high recurrence rates. Lately, treatment with intralesional injections has gained momentum due to its effectiveness in clearing warts by stimulating the cell-mediated immunity.

Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma in a 23 year old female.

Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) has been identified as a separate subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the 2004 World Health Organization classification of adult renal tumors. MCRCC represents a rare variant of clear cell RCC. The common age group for this tumor is between 40 and 60 years.

Pheochromocytoma Presenting with Acute Abdomen.

Pheochromocytoma, a neuroendocrine tumor of the adrenal medulla, arising from chromaffin cells, usually presents with the clinical triad of paroxysmal headache, profuse sweating and palpitations, associated with labile hypertension. Here, we present the case of an adult male with an unusual manifestation of pheochromocytoma in the form of acute pain abdomen with nausea and abdominal guarding, mimicking acute peritonitis. He had fluctuating blood pressure recordings.

Psoriasis sparing the polio-affected limb: is it merely the koebner phenomenon?

Psoriasis being a common skin condition, atypical forms and unusual localizations of this disease are quite frequently seen. However, psoriasis sparing a polio-affected limb is extremely rare. We report a case of an adult male, who presented with psoriasis distributed all over the body but with almost complete sparing of the polio-affected left lower limb.

TB-DOTS Outcome in Relation to HIV Status: Experience in a Medical College.

Background And Objective: There is scarce information regarding TB associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection treated under routine program conditions in medical colleges of India. This study evaluates the clinical profile and outcome of TB-DOTS treatment by HIV status.

Methods: Total two hundred and eighty TB patients registered under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program Revised National TB Control Program (RNTCP) during January 2011 and December 2012 in a teaching hospital of South India were enrolled in the study.

Seat belt sign and its significance.

Safety belts are the most important safety system in motor vehicles and when worn intend to prevent serious injuries. However, in unusual circumstances (high velocity motor vehicle collisions) these safety measures (seat belts) can be the source and cause of serious injuries. The seat belt syndrome was first described as early by Garrett and Braunste in but the term "seat belt sign" was discussed by Doersch and Dozier.

Study on neuromuscular blockade action of verapamil in albino rats.

Background: Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) are now widely employed in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and peri operative hypertension. It has been reported that calcium channel blockers inhibit neuromuscular transmission. They have been shown to increase the neuromuscular blockade produced by neuromuscular blocking agents in in-vitro muscle nerve preparations.

Discordant HIV Couple: Analysis of the Possible Contributing Factors.

Several intricacies still abound with respect to HIV infection. Discordance is one such intriguing aspect of HIV infection. Out of 35 discordant couples included in the study.

Rigid nasal endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of epistaxis.

Background And Objectives: Epistaxis is one of the common symptoms encountered in the Otorhinolaryngology department. Many times the cause for epistaxis is not found on anterior and posterior rhinoscopy. The present study was undertaken to assess the role of rigid nasal endoscope in the diagnosis and treatment of epistaxis, where normal anterior and posterior rhinoscopy did not reveal any specific finding.

Outcome of conjunctival autograft sutured with polyamide black sutures in pterygium surgery.

Introduction: Pterygium excision with conjunctival autografting is the most effective way of treating pterygium with the least recurrence rate. The sutures which can be used to suture the conjunctival autograft are absorbable polyglactin 10-0 sutures or nonabsorbable polyamide 10-0 sutures. The polyamide sutures are inert, elicit minimal acute inflammatory reaction, do not support infection and allow easy removal without tissue adherence.

Study of aerobic bacterial conjunctival flora in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: Normal bacterial flora may be altered by a variety of factors.

Objective: To study the aerobic bacterial conjunctival flora in patients with diabetes mellitus and to find its clinical significance by comparing the results to the conjunctival flora of non-diabetic subjects.

Materials And Methods: A total of 75 diabetic patients were included as cases and 25 nondiabetics as controls to compare the results.

Ocular Manifestations in Patients with HIV Infection/AIDS who were Referred from the ART Centre, Hassan, Karnataka, India.

Background: Ocular involvement in HIV infection/AIDS is very common and it includes various clinical presentations which may be asymptomatic or atypical or they may be the initial manifestations of the underlying disease. The severity of these lesions increases as the immune competency decreases, leading to visual impairment or blindness.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and the types of HIV associated ocular conditions and their effect on the vision in patients with HIV/AIDS.

"Mixed germ cell testicular tumor" in an adult female.

The androgen insensitivity (testicular feminization) syndrome was described by Morris in phenotypic females with 46XY karyotype, presenting with primary amenorrhea, adequate breast development, and absent or scanty pubic or axillary hair. Gonads consist usually of seminiferous tubules without spermatogenesis. These patients have a 5-10% risk of developing germ cell tumors, usually after the complete development of secondary female sexual characteristics.

A study of association of depressive symptoms among the type 2 diabetic outpatients presenting to a tertiary care hospital.

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing among Indian population over time. There are varying reports about the association of depression among type 2 diabetic individuals. However, there is limited data about this in India.

Head and neck melanoma.

The incidence of malignant melanoma appears to be increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world over the past 30-40 years and continues to increase in the United States, Canada, Australia, Asia, and Europe. The behavior of head and neck melanoma is aggressive, and it has an overall poorer prognosis than that of other skin sites. The authors review the published literature and text books, intending to give an overall picture of malignant melanomas of the head and neck and a special emphasis on treatment considerations with controversies in treatment including biopsy, radiation therapy, sentinel node biopsy, and nodal dissection.

Diagnostic utility of the cell block method versus the conventional smear study in pleural fluid cytology.

Background: The cytological examinations of serous effusions have been well-accepted, and a positive diagnosis is often considered as a definitive diagnosis. It helps in staging, prognosis and management of the patients in malignancies and also gives information about various inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions. Diagnostic problems arise in everyday practice to differentiate reactive atypical mesothelial cells and malignant cells by the routine conventional smear (CS) method.

Unusual case of acute renal failure following multiple wasp stings.

The wasp stings usually cause local reactions and rarely anaphylaxis. However the multiple wasp stings may cause multisystem involvement. We report a case of acute renal failure (ARF) following multiple wasp stings.