Phylo-geo haplotype network-based characterization of SARS-CoV-2 strains circulating in India (2020-2022).

Background & objectives Genetic analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains circulating in India during 2020-2022 was carried out to understand the evolution of potentially expanding and divergent clades. Methods SARS-CoV-2 sequences (n=612) randomly selected from among the sequences of samples collected through a nationwide network of Virus Research Diagnostic Laboratories during 2020 (n=1532) and Indian sequences available in Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data during March 2020-March 2022 (n=53077), were analyzed using the phylo-geo haplotype network approach with reference to the Wuhan prototype sequence. Results On haplotype analysis, 420 haplotypes were revealed from 643 segregating sites among the sequences.

Shear bond strength of a composite resin restoration in primary teeth following cavity preparation using laser- an in-vitro study.

To evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of composite resin restorations in primary teeth, following cavity preparation with both traditional dental burs and laser irradiation. One hundred primary molars extracted from the children visiting our department were collected and randomly divided into five groups (A-E) with 20 teeth in each group. In groups A, B, C, D, and E the teeth samples were etched with phosphoric acid, Er; YAG laser followed by acid etching, Er, Cr: YSGG laser followed by acid etching, Er; YAG laser etching only and Er, Cr: YSGG laser etching only, respectively.

Smoking is a predominant risk factor for coronary artery disease among Indians.

Smoking has emerged as a predominant risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) in India, contributing significantly to the country's rising cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates. The adverse effects of tobacco on cardiovascular health are well-documented, exacerbating a public health challenge in a nation with a high prevalence of smoking. Therefore, it is of interest to analyse the impact of smoking on the incidence and progression of coronary artery disease among the Indian population, emphasizing the need for targeted public health interventions to mitigate this risk factor.

Corrigendum to "Second round statewide sentinel-based population survey for estimation of the burden of active infection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the general population of Karnataka, India, during January-February 2021" [IJID Regions Vol 1(2021) pages 107-116].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.

Comparison of oral propranolol, oral rifampicin, and intravitreal anti-VEGF in central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of oral propranolol, oral rifampicin, and intravitreal anti-VEGF therapies on resolution-time and visual outcome in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Methods: A total of 30 patients with CSCR were randomized into three groups of 10 patients. Group A was given oral propranolol, Group B was given oral rifampicin 4 weeks each, and Group C was given 0.

A Rare Presentation of Wegener's Granulomatosis in ENT.

Wegener's granulomatosis or Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a rare multisystem autoimmune vasculitis disease which may become life threatening due to the various system involvement. Granular hyperplastic gingivitis, the so called "strawberry gingivitis" is a rare manifestation of this disease, yet pathognomic when present. Early diagnosis and treatment is very important.

Comparative study of safety and efficacy of combination therapy of fractional CO laser and topical amorolfine cream versus oral itraconazole in the treatment of onychomycosis.

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit caused by various species of dermatophytes, non-dermatophytic moulds or yeasts. They pose a therapeutic challenge to the treating dermatologist as the infection is often resistant to treatment and requires prolonged therapy. To evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of fractional CO laser and 0.

Unilateral Blindness in Post Septoplasty Due to Homocysteinemia: A Rare Presentation.

Septoplasty is a common operative procedure in ENT for correction of nasal septal deformity. Rarely it may result into devastating complication like vision loss. This may be related to other causes apart from septoplasty.

A Study of Variations of the Stomach in Adults and Growth of the Fetal Stomach.

The stomach is a site for various pathological conditions like congestive hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and carcinoma of the stomach. Further, for the treatment of obesity too, surgical manipulation of the stomach is done by a bariatric surgeon. With the availability of a wide range of diagnostic tools like barium meals, USG, CT scan, MRI, and endoscopy, it is possible to identify the variations in the position and shape of the stomach and developmental defects while diagnosing diseases.

To investigate the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding tuberculosis case notification among public and private doctors practicing of modern medicine in South Delhi.

In India, tuberculosis (TB) notification has been required since 2012. Notwithstanding, notification rates remain low. Non-reporting of tuberculosis cases not only results in an underestimation of cases, but also impedes the country's TB control strategy.

Spontaneous Transvaginal Small Bowel Evisceration With Uterine Procidentia: A Report of a Rare Case.

Spontaneous transvaginal small bowel evisceration is an extremely rare condition with a few more than 100 documented cases to date. The complications of such a rare entity revolve around its preoperative presentation as well as its operative and postoperative complications. The complications seen are intestinal incarcerations and perforations with an increased risk of post-surgical ileus and peritonitis in a time-dependent fashion.

Second round statewide sentinel-based population survey for estimation of the burden of active infection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the general population of Karnataka, India, during January-February 2021.

Objective: Demonstrate the feasibility of using the existing sentinel surveillance infrastructure to conduct the second round of the serial cross-sectional sentinel-based population survey. Assess active infection, seroprevalence, and their evolution in the general population across Karnataka. Identify local variations for locally appropriate actions.

Expansion of the measles and rubella laboratory network, India.

Objective: To expand the measles and rubella laboratory network of India by integrating new laboratories.

Methods: In collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO), the Indian government developed a 10-step scheme to systematically expand the number of laboratories performing serological and molecular testing for measles and rubella. The Indian Council of Medical Research and WHO identified suitable laboratories based on their geographical location, willingness, preparedness, past performance and adherence to national quality control and quality assurance mechanisms.

Bipolar herpes simplex infection in an human immunodeficiency virus-infected individual.

Herpes simplex infection is the most common infection among the human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. However, the atypical manifestations of herpes simplex virus may confound even an astute physician. Hand involvement is rarely associated with genital herpes infection and the involvement of widespread areas healing with debilitating scarring is uncommon.

Morphological Changes of Coronary Arteries in Cases of Sudden Death due to Cardiac Causes - An Autopsy-Based 10-Year Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the most common cause of cardiac deaths worldwide, mainly due to atherosclerosis. Prevalence of atherosclerosis evaluation, in an autopsy-based study, can be a valuable tool on subjects who died of cardiac causes. With this hypothesis, we conducted this 10-year retrospective study on the hearts of subjects who died due to cardiac causes.

A Comparative Study on the Health Problems and Substance Abuse among the Tobacco Farmers and Non-Tobacco Farmers in Hassan District, Karnataka.

Background And Aims: India ranks third in the worldwide tobacco production (2017), and it is increasing every year. Hassan is an important tobacco growing district in Karnataka with over 12,000 growers. These growers are exposed to health risks during cultivation of tobacco, pesticide exposure, long duration of work, mental stress, and nicotine toxicity - Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS) due to direct handling of green tobacco leaves.

The burden of active infection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the general population: Results from a statewide sentinel-based population survey in Karnataka, India.

Objective: To estimate the burden of active infection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Karnataka, India, and to assess variation across geographical regions and risk groups.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 16,416 people covering three risk groups was conducted between 3-16 September 2020 using the state of Karnataka's infrastructure of 290 healthcare facilities across all 30 districts. Participants were further classified into risk subgroups and sampled using stratified sampling.

Outcome of Biomedical Waste Management Training Among Staff Nurses of Primary Health Centers of Hassan District.

Introduction: Inadequate biomedical waste management not only poses significant risk of infection due to pathogens such as HIV and Hepatitis B and C virus but also carries the risk of water, air, and soil pollution thereby adversely affecting the environment and community at large. Therefore, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare commissioned implementation of an Infection Management and Environment Plan (IMEP) in health-care facilities. Hence, this study is undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice, and gaps in implementing the biomedical waste management practices at the primary health-care facilities.

Adequacy of Glycemic, Lipid and Blood Pressure Goals Among Ambulatory Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Aims And Objectives: To evaluate the adequacy of glycaemic, lipid and blood pressure (BP) goals of diabetic patients, To evaluate the differences in goal attainment rates between various parameters like age, sex, body mass index, complications, medications and compliance.

Materials And Methods: A total of 250 diabetic patients coming to HIMS, Hassan were studied and evaluated for BP, fasting blood sugar (FBS) , post prandial blood sugar (PPBS), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG). Patients were evaluated and reviewed past medical records for complications.

Iontophoretic delivery of methotrexate in the treatment of palmar psoriasis: A randomised controlled study.

Background/objectives: Palmoplantar psoriasis is a localised variant of psoriasis. Topical therapy is the preferred treatment modality, but in severe and recalcitrant cases, systemic drugs like methotrexate are prescribed, with potential for significant adverse effects. Iontophoresis is gaining popularity in enhancing the transdermal delivery of drugs in ionic state.

Topical metformin in the treatment of melasma: A preliminary clinical trial.

Background: Melasma is a common acquired pigmentary disorder characterized by symmetric hyperpigmented macules on the face. Triple combination cream (TCC) remains the gold standard treatment but its prolonged use often causes adverse effects. Recently, studies have shown that topical metformin has melanopenic action.

Assessment of dental caries and gingival status among a group of type 1 diabetes mellitus and healthy children of South India - a comparative study.

Background Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder. However, dental caries and periodontal health have not attracted much interest in diabetic patients. This study was carried out to assess the dental caries status and gingival health status in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).