Associations of personality traits with actigraphic sleep in middle-aged and older adults.

Although prior studies have examined associations of personality traits with sleep, most have investigated self-reported sleep, been cross-sectional, and focused on younger and middle-aged adults. We investigated associations of personality with actigraphic sleep parameters and changes in sleep in 398 cognitively normal adults aged 40-95 years (M ± SD = 70.1 ± 12.

Impact of high maternal body mass index on fetal cerebral cortical and cerebellar volumes.

Objectives: Maternal obesity increases a child's risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. However, little is known about the impact of maternal obesity on fetal brain development.

Methods: We prospectively recruited 20 healthy pregnant women across the range of pre-pregnancy or first-trimester body mass index (BMI) and performed fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of their healthy singleton fetuses.

Iodine Deficiency Hypothyroidism Among Children in the United States - 21st Century Resurgence?

Background/objective: Iodine deficiency hypothyroidism is an important cause of neurocognitive and motor impairment in children globally. In the United States, universal salt iodization, which began in the 1920s, led to a dramatic decline in iodine deficiency hypothyroidism. However, iodine deficiency may be reemerging due to increased consumption of noniodized salts, decreased dairy iodine concentrations, and decreased intake of iodine containing foods due to food allergies, dietary preferences such as vegan diets, or restrictive food intake disorders.

Management of Neonatal Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia: Trends Over Nine Years.

Background: With increasing use of diazoxide for hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH), reporting of serious side effects of diazoxide such as pulmonary hypertension (PHT) increased.

Methods: Charts of all children diagnosed with HH during the study period and evaluated by Pediatric Endocrinology division of the Hasbro Children's Hospital were reviewed. We analyzed diazoxide use among infants with HH with focus on infants born small for gestational age (SGA) and preterm infants.

Occult Methemoglobinemia in a Medically-Complex 7-Year-Old Child and the Opportunity for Pharmacist Intervention in Pediatric Emergency Medicine.

Methemoglobinemia is a rare, yet life-threatening disorder that occurs due to an accumulation of methemoglobin in the blood. The clinical presentation often includes dyspnea, cyanosis, and hypoxemia that shows little improvement with the administration of supplemental oxygen. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warns against the administration of benzocaine to those younger than 2 years of age and urges manufacturers to add a statement regarding the possible development of methemoglobinemia to the packaging of any products containing this ingredient.

Project G-SPACE: protocol for exploring the influence of green space on sleep and mental health among children.

Background: The prevention of pediatric mental health disorders is a growing health priority in the United States. While exposure to green space, such as outdoor vegetation, has been linked with improved mental health outcomes in children, little is known about the impact of green space on children's sleep. Sleep has many benefits, but the factors affecting both sleep and mental health as they relate to green space exposure are not well understood in children.

Management Approaches to Intraluminal Thrombi in Acutely Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis.

Background: The presence of an intraluminal thrombus in acutely symptomatic carotid stenosis is thought to represent a high-risk lesion for short-term stroke reccurrence though evidence on natural history and treatment is lacking, leading to equipoise and much variation in practice. The objective of this study was to map these variations in practice (medical management and timing of revascularization), determine the considerations that influence clinician decision-making in this condition and gather opinions that inform the development and design of future trials in the area.

Methods: This was a mixed-methods study using both quantitative survey methods and qualitative interview-based methods.

Qualitative interviews with young adults at risk for psychosis and who use Cannabis: Informing the development of a mobile intervention.

Cannabis use disorder is common among young adults in psychiatric care, particularly those at risk for psychosis. Yet, interventions tailored to address this issue are limited. The goal of this qualitative study was to determine barriers and facilitators for reducing/quitting cannabis use, and to obtain end-user perspectives to inform a mobile app-based intervention.

Prenatally Diagnosed Holoprosencephaly: Review of the Literature and Practical Recommendations for Pediatric Neurologists.

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is one of the most common malformations in embryonic development. HPE represents a continuum spectrum that involves the midline cleavage of forebrain structures. Facial malformations of varying degrees of severity are also observed.

Increase in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Young Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: To describe the incidence of new onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) among children younger than 11 years old diagnosed during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2020-December 31, 2021) compared to those diagnosed during the pre-pandemic period (January 1, 2017-February 29, 2020) and to compare the metabolic parameters of those with T2D diagnosed before age 11 years with those diagnosed after age 11 years.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of youth <21 years with new onset T2D treated at Hasbro Children's Hospital between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2021. Patients diagnosed at age <11 years were compared to those ≥11 years.

Syphilis in Pregnancy and Congenital Syphilis.

Syphilis, once in decline, is seeing a rapid re-emergence throughout the United States. A sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, syphilis infection in pregnancy can result in serious complications and have a profound impact on maternal and neonatal health. As rates of syphilis have increased among people of reproductive age, so too have cases of congenital syphilis.

Surface Rendering of Cross-Sectional Imaging and Medical Illustration for Perinatal Planning in Conjoined Twins.

Introduction: Surface rendering of diagnostic imaging data can reveal hidden conditions with an almost life-like realism. However, early gestation images alone are often insufficient to accurately predict postnatal anatomy. Yet, time-sensitive decisions may have to be made before detailed imaging becomes possible.

Effortful Control, Parent-Child Relationships, and Behavior Problems among Preschool-Aged Children Experiencing Adversity.

Young children who experience adversity are at increased risk for developing psychological difficulties across the lifespan. Among community samples, parent-child relationship dynamics interact with child effortful control to predict child behavior problems. The nature of these associations has not been examined among children who have experienced early childhood adversity and who may be particularly sensitive to familial effects on child development.

Trends in Sickle Cell Disease Mortality: 1979-2020.

Background And Objectives: Although sickle cell disease (SCD)-related childhood mortality in the United States significantly improved in the 1990s, unclear is the trend in SCD-related mortality more recently given the continued disparities faced by this minoritized population. In this analysis, we aimed to (1) compare the overall and age-specific mortality rates from 1999 to 2009 vs 2010 to 2020 with a particular focus on the age of transition and (2) determine the most common causes of death for the US SCD population for 2010 to 2020.

Methods: We analyzed publicly available data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER database, a compilation of national-level mortality statistics from 1979 to 2020 derived from death certificates compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics.

Mothers' recollections of parenting by their own mothers and fathers and maternal and infant outcomes.

Objective: Using a family network approach, we examined patterns of remembered parental rearing by both parents and associations with maternal and infant outcomes.

Background: Women's memories of how they were cared for by their own mothers in childhood are associated with important outcomes in the perinatal period. However, few studies assess women's recollections of caregiving by their fathers, despite fathers' influence on the larger family context and child adjustment.

The moderating roles of childhood adversity on program outcomes in residential care in a diverse sample.

A better understanding of how childhood adversity (CA) patterns influence the effectiveness of Trauma Informed Care (TIC) for youth in residential programs is needed. Utilizing a longitudinal design, the study examined how CA patterns influenced aggression and self-injurious behavior during treatment and emotional and conduct outcomes for 1,343 racially diverse adolescents in a TIC residential program. Latent class analysis identified five CA patterns.

One Third of Alcohol Use Disorder Diagnoses are Missed by ICD Coding.

Background/significance: Alcohol use carries significant morbidity and mortality, yet accurate identification of alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains a multi-layered problem for both researchers and clinicians.

Objective: To fine-tune a language model to AUD in the clinical narrative and to detect AUDs not accounted for by ICD-9 coding in the MIMIC-III database.

Materials And Methods: We applied clinicalBERT to unique patient discharge summaries.

A Simulation and Small-Group Pediatric Emergency Medicine Course for Generalist Healthcare Providers: Gastrointestinal and Nutrition Emergencies.

Audience And Type Of Curriculum: This is a review curriculum utilizing multiple methods of education to enhance the skills of generalist healthcare providers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the identification and stabilization of pediatric respiratory emergencies. Our audience of implementation was Belizean generalist providers (nurses and physicians).

Length Of Curriculum: 8-10 hours.

Monoallelic loss-of-function variants in GSK3B lead to autism and developmental delay.

De novo variants adjacent to the canonical splicing sites or in the well-defined splicing-related regions are more likely to impair splicing but remain under-investigated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). By analyzing large, recent ASD genome sequencing cohorts, we find a significant burden of de novo potential splicing-disrupting variants (PSDVs) in 5048 probands compared to 4090 unaffected siblings. We identified 55 genes with recurrent de novo PSDVs that were highly intolerant to variation.