Non-anaesthetist-administered ketamine for emergency caesarean section in Kenya: cost-effectiveness analysis.

Objectives: Lack of anaesthesia services is a frequent barrier to emergency surgeries such as caesarean delivery in Kenya. This study aimed to estimate the survival gains and cost-effectiveness of scaling up the Every Second Matters (ESM)-Ketamine programme that trains non-anaesthetist providers to administer and monitor ketamine during emergency caesarean deliveries.

Setting: Hospitals in Kenyan counties with low rates of caesarean delivery.

The role of teams in shaping quality of obstetrical care: a cross-sectional study in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.

Objectives: To examine how characteristics of clinical colleagues influence quality of care.

Design: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study examining the associations between quality of care and a provider's coworkers, controlling for individual provider's characteristics and contextual factors.

Setting: Nine health facilities in Dire Dawa Administration, Ethiopia, from December 2020 to February 2021.

KasA as a drug target: Structure-based inhibitor design.

Recent studies have reported the β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein KasA as a druggable target for . This review summarizes the current status of major classes of KasA inhibitors with an emphasis on significant contributions from structure-based design methods leveraging X-ray crystal structures of KasA alone and in complex with inhibitors. The issues addressed within each inhibitor class are discussed while detailing the characterized interactions with KasA and structure-activity relationships.

White rice, brown rice and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Intake of white rice has been associated with elevated risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D), while studies on brown rice are conflicting. To inform dietary guidance, we synthesised the evidence on white rice and brown rice with T2D risk.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Secondary Prevention of Cervical Cancer: ASCO Resource-Stratified Guideline Update.

Purpose: To update resource-stratified, evidence-based recommendations on secondary prevention of cervical cancer globally.

Methods: American Society of Clinical Oncology convened a multidisciplinary, multinational Expert Panel to produce recommendations reflecting four resource-tiered settings. A review of existing guidelines, formal consensus-based process, and modified ADAPTE process to adapt existing guidelines was conducted.

Preparation, pungency and bioactivity of gingerols from ginger ( Roscoe): a review.

Ginger has been widely used for different purposes, such as condiment, functional food, drugs, and cosmetics. Gingerols, the main pungent component in ginger, possess a variety of bioactivities. To fully understand the significance of gingerols in the food and pharmaceutical industry, this paper first recaps the composition and physiochemical properties of gingerols, and the major extraction and synthesis methods.

Preconception and periconception interventions to prevent low birth weight, small for gestational age and preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Low birth weight (LBW), including preterm birth (PTB) and small for gestational age (SGA), contributes a significant global health burden. We aimed to summarise current evidence on the effect of preconception and periconception interventions on LBW, SGA and PTB.

Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and WHO Global Index Medicus for randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies published by 28 November 2020, which assessed interventions delivered in preconception and periconception or preconception and pregnancy.

The association between time-to-pregnancy and postpartum depressive symptoms in a North American prospective cohort study.

Purpose: To prospectively examine the association between time-to-pregnancy (TTP) and postpartum depression (PPD) and determine whether perceived stress during early pregnancy mediated this association.

Methods: In Pregnancy Study Online, an internet-based preconception cohort study of pregnancy planners, participants completed questionnaires every 8 weeks for up to 12 months or conception, during pregnancy, and at postpartum. A total of 2643 women provided information on sociodemographic factors, reproductive history, and stress (i.

A prospective randomized trial of standard versus multimedia-supplemented counseling in patients undergoing endometrial cancer staging surgery.

Objectives: A patient's understanding of surgery is often limited, especially in the setting of complex oncologic procedures. The use of supplemental materials can improve patients' knowledge of their procedure and satisfaction with decision making. We sought to determine if a multimedia-supplemented approach in patients undergoing robotic endometrial cancer staging improves satisfaction with preoperative counseling.

The relationships between adverse life events, depression, economic activities, and human capital investment in Nigeria.

This paper examines the links between adverse events, depression, and decision-making in Nigeria. It investigates how events such as conflicts, shocks, and deaths of family members can affect short-term mental health, as well as longer-term decisions on economic activities and human capital investments. First, the findings show that exposure to conflict has the largest and strongest relationship with depression, associated with a 21-26 percentage point increase in the probability of depressive symptomatology.

Identifying biomarkers for epilepsy after cerebral malaria in Zambian children: rationale and design of a prospective observational study.

Introduction: Malaria affecting the central nervous system (CM) is a major contributor to paediatric epilepsy in resource-poor settings, with 10%-16% of survivors developing epilepsy within 2 years of infection. Despite high risk for post-malaria epilepsy (PME), biomarkers indicating which CM survivors will develop epilepsy are absent. Such biomarkers are essential to identify those at highest risk who might benefit most from close surveillance and/or preventive treatments.

Simultaneous Detection of Signal Regions Using Quadratic Scan Statistics With Applications to Whole Genome Association Studies.

We consider in this paper detection of signal regions associated with disease outcomes in whole genome association studies. Gene- or region-based methods have become increasingly popular in whole genome association analysis as a complementary approach to traditional individual variant analysis. However, these methods test for the association between an outcome and the genetic variants in a pre-specified region, e.

Joint association of the Mediterranean diet and smoking with all-cause mortality in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort.

Objectives: Although low-quality diets and smoking are independently associated with higher mortality risk, a joint analysis of both risk factors in relation to mortality has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to explore the effect modification between level of adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) and smoking status on all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality.

Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis to assess the association between diet and smoking status in the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) cohort study.

Pediatric Mental Health Emergency Visits During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: Paediatric and adult psychiatric emergency department (ED) visits decreased during the initial COVID-19 outbreak. Long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic will include increases in mental healthcare needs, especially among vulnerable groups such as children and adolescents.

Aim: This study examined changes in the number of overall and diagnosis-specific mental health ED visits among patients aged <18 years following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Madrid, Spain.

Cancer as microenvironmental, systemic and environmental diseases: opportunity for transdisciplinary microbiomics science.

Cancer is generally regarded as a localised disease, with the well-established role of the tumour microenvironment. However, the realm of cancer goes beyond the tumour microenvironment, and cancer should also be regarded as a systemic and environmental disease. The exposome ( the totality of exposures), which encompasses diets, supplements, smoking, alcohol, other lifestyle factors, medications, , likely alters the microbiome (inclusive of bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi, parasites, ) and immune system in various body sites and influences tumour phenotypes.

The Annual Global Incidence Rate of Extreme Weather Event Disasters Appears Positively Correlated with World GDP, 1961-2020.

Objective: This study compared the per capita annual global incidence rate of disasters caused by natural hazards with the annual world real gross domestic product, GDP (per global capita), as reported during 1961 through 2020.

Methods: Sixty (60) values for the world real GDP per global capita (in constant 2015 $USD) were compared to corresponding annual values for global incidence rates for five natural disaster subgroups and then for a total of twelve individual disaster types that comprise the subgroups; each expressed as an annual global incidence rate (in terms of annual incidence per 100,000 persons). Calculations of multiple linear regression, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were performed for comparing population-adjusted values for GDP to corresponding values.

Consumption of industrial processed foods and risk of premenopausal breast cancer among Latin American women: the PRECAMA study.

Ultra-processed food intake has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer in Western populations. No data are available in the Latin American population although the consumption of ultra-processed foods is increasing rapidly in this region. We evaluated the association of ultra-processed food intake to breast cancer risk in a case-control study including 525 cases (women aged 20-45 years) and 525 matched population-based controls from Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico.

Impetus of US hospital leaders to invest in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs): a qualitative study.

Objectives: Though hospital leaders across the USA have invested significant resources in collection of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), there are very limited data on the impetus for hospital leadership to establish PROM programmes. In this qualitative study, we identify the drivers and motivators of PROM collection among hospital leaders in the USA.

Design: Exploratory qualitative study.

Lesson from the continuing 21st century motor vehicle success.

In 1999, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention proclaimed the reduction in motor vehicle fatalities to be one of the great public health achievements of the 20th century. That motor vehicle success story has had enormous intellectual impact on the injury prevention field, providing many guiding lessons. Can we learn any lessons from what has happened to motor vehicle safety in the 21st century? A key lesson may come from the fact that the great injury achievement of reducing the motor vehicle death rate did not stop in 2000-it continued.

Deep Learning for Fully Automated Prediction of Overall Survival in Patients Undergoing Resection for Pancreatic Cancer: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Objective: To develop an imaging-derived biomarker for prediction of overall survival (OS) of pancreatic cancer by analyzing preoperative multiphase contrast-enhanced computed topography (CECT) using deep learning.

Background: Exploiting prognostic biomarkers for guiding neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment decisions may potentially improve outcomes in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study included 1516 patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) from 5 centers located in China.

Effects of a healthy lifestyle intervention and COVID-19-adjusted training curriculum on firefighter recruits.

There are knowledge gaps regarding healthy lifestyle (HLS) interventions in fire academy settings and also concerning the impacts of the pandemic on training. We enrolled fire recruits from two fire academies (A and B) in New England in early 2019 as the historical control group, and recruits from academies in New England (B) and Florida (C), respectively, during the pandemic as the intervention group. The three academies have similar training environments and curricula.