Arginine-specific gingipains (RgpA/RgpB) knockdown modulates neutrophil machinery.

Background: Gingipains are important virulence factors present in Porphyromonas gingivalis. Arginine-specific gingipains (RgpA and RgpB) are critically associated with increased proteolytic activity and immune system dysfunction, including neutrophilic activity. In this study, we assessed the impact of gingipains (RgpA and RgpB) on neutrophil function.

Microleakage and penetration capability of various pit and fissure sealants upon different sealant application techniques.

Background: Sealant application that yields superior marginal adaptation and deeper fissure penetration potentially improves success in preventive and restorative dentistry. This study evaluated the amount of in-vitro microleakage and penetration capabilities of different pit-fissure sealants as the effect of different application techniques.

Material And Methods: 160 freshly extracted human sound premolars, assigned as suitable for sealant application, selected and allocated randomly into 8 groups (n=20 teeth/group) and applied with different sealants including Embrace-Wetbond® (E), UltraSeal XT® (U), Clinpro™ (CL), Helioseal® (H), using either conventional (C) or induced application (I).

The Intrinsic Relation between the Hydrogel Structure and In Vivo Performance of Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers: A Comparative Study of Four Typical Dermal Fillers.

Background: Hyaluronic acid dermal fillers are composed of cross-linked viscoelastic particles with high biocompatibility. The performance of the fillers is determined by the viscoelastic properties of particles and the connecting force between particles. However, the relationships among the properties of fillers, the interaction of the gels and the surrounding tissue are not clear enough.

A comparison of the horizontal and vertical bitewing images in detecting approximal caries and interdental bone loss in posterior teeth: A diagnostic accuracy randomized cross over clinical trial.

Background/purpose: Horizontal bitewing radiographs are widely and frequently used in dentistry and are very reliable in diagnosing proximal caries and interproximal alveolar bone level. However, it is challengeable in detecting interproximal root caries, horizontal and/or vertical alveolar bone loss, and furcation involvements. The aim of this article was to assess the accuracy of vertical bitewing images in the diagnosis of caries and alveolar bone level compared to the horizontal bitewing technique.

Assessing knowledge of herbal medicine course for dental students.

Background: The aims of this article are to assess dental students' knowledge about herbal medicine usage and the potential benefits and side effects, and to conduct a short course about herbal medicine.

Methods: All fourth-year pre-doctoral students were invited to participate in a herbal medicine course as a test while the sixth-year students were the control group. A survey was tested for validity and reliability.

Prevalence of the Alveolar Antral Artery and Its Accessory Arteries in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scans.

Alveolar antral artery (AAA) damage can cause perioperative hemorrhage during osteotomy. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of AAA presence and evaluate its characteristics using cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT). One hundred maxillary sinuses were evaluated from 70 CBCT scans.

Glycemic fluctuation exacerbates inflammation and bone loss and alters microbiota profile around implants in diabetic mice with experimental peri-implantitis.

Background: The impact of glycemic fluctuation under diabetic condition on peri-implantitis in diabetic patients remains unclear. We hypothesized that glycemic fluctuation has greater adverse effect on experimental peri-implantitis, compared with sustained high blood glucose in diabetes.

Results: Maxillary left first and second molars of diabetic db/db mice were extracted and were replaced with one dental implant in the healed edentulous space.

The Oxidative Response of Human Monocytes to Surface Modified Commercially Pure Titanium.

Cellular responses to implanted biomaterials are key to understanding osseointegration. The aim of this investigation was to determine the priming and activation of the respiratory burst activity of monocytes in response to surface-modified titanium. Human peripheral blood monocytes of healthy blood donors were separated, then incubated with surface-modified grade 2 commercially pure titanium (CPT) disks with a range of known surface energies and surface roughness for 30- or 60-min.

Investigating the Response of Human Neutrophils to Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Micro-Rough Titanium Surfaces.

Various treatments have been used to change both the topography and chemistry of titanium surfaces, aiming to enhance tissue response and reduce healing times of endosseous implants. Most studies to date focused on bone healing around dental implants occurring later during the healing cascade. However, the impact of the initial inflammatory response in the surgical wound site on the success and healing time of dental implants is crucial for implant integration and success, yet it is still poorly understood.

Osteocyte-derived exosomes induced by mechanical strain promote human periodontal ligament stem cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation via the miR-181b-5p/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway.

Background: The oral cavity is a complex environment in which periodontal tissue is constantly stimulated by external microorganisms and mechanical forces. Proper mechanical force helps maintain periodontal tissue homeostasis, and improper inflammatory response can break the balance. Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells play crucial roles in responding to these challenges and maintaining the homeostasis of periodontal tissue.

Mangiferin alleviates experimental peri-implantitis via suppressing interleukin-6 production and Toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway.

Background: TLR2 (Toll-like receptor 2) signaling and its downstream proinflammatory cytokines are considered to be important in the progression of peri-implantitis. A natural medicine, mangiferin has exhibited modulatory effect on TLR2 signaling and anti-inflammatory effects on different diseases. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of mangiferin on peri-implantitis and the potential mechanisms by administering this drug to an experimental peri-implantitis mouse model.

in Alzheimer's disease brains: Evidence for disease causation and treatment with small-molecule inhibitors.

, the keystone pathogen in chronic periodontitis, was identified in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients. Toxic proteases from the bacterium called gingipains were also identified in the brain of Alzheimer's patients, and levels correlated with tau and ubiquitin pathology. Oral infection in mice resulted in brain colonization and increased production of Aβ, a component of amyloid plaques.

A novel prognostic model for tongue squamous cell carcinoma based on the characteristics of tumour and its microenvironment: iBD score.

Aims: Tumour budding and invasive depth can predict survival of patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), while the prognostic value of tumour microenvironment (TME) remains unknown. Here, both characteristics of the tumour and its microenvironment were examined and a novel prognostic model has been proposed.

Methods And Results: A total of 246 patients with TSCC were included.

Intravital endoscopic technology for real-time monitoring of inflammation caused in experimental periodontitis.

We report a novel method for in situ imaging of microvascular permeability in inflamed gingival tissue, using state-of-the-art Cellvizio™ intravital endoscopic technology and a mouse model of ligature-induced periodontitis. The silk ligature was first placed at the upper left second molar. Seven days later, the ligature was removed, and the animals were intravenously injected with Evans blue.

miR-146a regulates inflammatory cytokine production in Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-stimulated B cells by targeting IRAK1 but not TRAF6.

It has been suggested that microRNAs (miRs) are involved in the immune regulation of periodontitis. However, it is unclear whether and how miRs regulate the function of B cells in the context of periodontitis. This study is to explore the role of miR-146a on the inflammatory cytokine production of B cells challenged by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.

Endogenous acid ceramidase protects epithelial cells from Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced inflammation in vitro.

Ceramidases are a group of enzymes that degrade pro-inflammatory ceramide by cleaving a fatty acid to form anti-inflammatory sphingosine lipid. Thus far, acid, neutral and alkaline ceramidase isozymes have been described. However, the expression patterns of ceramidase isoforms as well as their role in periodontal disease pathogenesis remain unknown.

Assessment of the involvement of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor-glucocorticoid regulatory dyad in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 during periodontitis.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine and counter-regulator of endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs). It is implicated in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. This study investigated the role of the MIF-GC regulatory dyad in the expression and release of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) during periodontitis, in vivo and in vitro.

Idiopathic gingival papillokeratosis with crypt formation, a report of 7 cases of a previously undescribed entity: possible unusual oral epithelial nevus?

We report 7 cases of hitherto undescribed keratotic papillary plaques of uncertain etiology involving the gingiva. All 7 cases presented on the anterior maxillary attached gingiva of patients in the second decade. The lesions were asymptomatic and 86% (6 of 7 cases) presented in a bilateral symmetric distribution.

Periodontal response to two different subgingival restorative margin designs: a 12-month randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: Subgingival margin placement is sometimes required due to different reasons and is often associated with adverse periodontal reactions. The purpose of this study was to determine if a single restoration with subgingival margin on a tooth, in the maxillary anterior zone, would affect its periodontal soft tissue parameters, and whether or not a deep chamfer preparation has a different influence in the periodontium when compared to a feather edge preparation.

Material And Methods: Plaque and gingival indexes, periodontal probing depth, bleeding on probing, and patient's biotype were registered.

Raman spectroscopy for label-free identification of calciphylaxis.

Calciphylaxis is a painful, debilitating, and premorbid condition, which presents as calcified vasculature and soft tissues. Traditional diagnosis of calciphylaxis lesions requires an invasive biopsy, which is destructive, time consuming, and often leads to exacerbation of the condition and infection. Furthermore, it is difficult to find small calcifications within a large wound bed.

What is the risk of future extraction of asymptomatic third molars? A systematic review.

Purpose: The purpose of our report was to determine clinically whether young adults who elect to retain their asymptomatic third molars (M3s) have a risk of undergoing 1 or more M3 extractions in the future.

Materials And Methods: To address our clinical question, we designed and implemented a systematic review. The studies included in the present review were prospective, had a sample size of 50 subjects or more with at least 1 asymptomatic M3, and had at least 12 months of follow-up data available.

Increasing use of dental services by children, but many are unable to secure needed care.

National studies indicate that an increasing proportion of children are receiving needed oral health care. However, this increase is not uniform throughout all populations of youngsters. Overall national study findings regarding the use of dental services mask the fact that, a significant subset of low-income, minority, medically and developmentally compromised and socially vulnerable children continue to lack access to care and suffer significant and consequential dental and oral disease.

Immediate loading and implant-bar overdenture.

Immediate loaded implants may be used with an implant-bar overdenture to provide fixed splinting. This is a relatively new system that provides for immediate implant placement and restoration.