RNA nanotherapeutics for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, particularly due to the limited effectiveness of current therapeutic options for advanced-stage disease. The efficacy of traditional treatments is often compromised by the intricate liver microenvironment and the inherent heterogeneity. RNA-based therapeutics offer a promising alternative, utilizing the innovative approach of targeting aberrant molecular pathways and modulating the tumor microenvironment.

A specific and adaptable approach to track CD206 macrophages by molecular MRI and fluorescence imaging.

The mannose receptor (CD206, expressed by the gene ) is a surface marker overexpressed by anti-inflammatory and pro-tumoral macrophages. As such, CD206 macrophages play key roles in the immune response to different pathophysiological conditions and represent a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target. However, methods to specifically target these cells remain challenging.

Financial challenges of being on long-term, high-cost medications.

The isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitor, vorasidenib, may offer a promising new treatment option for patients with IDH-mutant gliomas. However, the indefinite nature of this targeted therapy raises significant financial concerns. High costs of targeted cancer therapies, often exceeding $150 000 annually, contribute to financial toxicity, characterized by medical debt, income loss, and psychological stress, and place stress on health systems.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Nanoclay Reinforced Gelatin-Based Hybrid Hydrogel.

Bentonite clay nanoparticles assume a pivotal role in 3D bioprinting and tissue engineering by augmenting the mechanical rigidity and biological efficacy of hydrogels. In this investigation, Span80 was employed as a surfactant to facilitate the synthesis of uniformly sized bentonite nanoparticles measuring approximately 700 nm in diameter. The resultant hybrid hydrogel displaced a marked increase in compressive modulus, achieving a peak value of 17.

Updated appropriate use criteria for amyloid and tau PET: A report from the Alzheimer's Association and Society for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Workgroup.

Introduction: The Alzheimer's Association and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging convened a multidisciplinary workgroup to update appropriate use criteria (AUC) for amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and to develop AUC for tau PET.

Methods: The workgroup identified key research questions that guided a systematic literature review on clinical amyloid/tau PET. Building on this review, the workgroup developed 17 clinical scenarios in which amyloid or tau PET may be considered.

Coffee drinking timing and mortality in US adults.

Background And Aims: To identify the patterns of coffee drinking timing in the US population and evaluate their associations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Methods: This study included 40 725 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018 who had complete information on dietary data and 1463 adults from the Women's and Men's Lifestyle Validation Study who had complete data on 7-day dietary record. Clustering analysis was used to identify patterns of coffee drinking timing.

A Novel Isotropic Optical Fiber: Antimicrobial Effect of Blue Light on Drug Resistant Organisms.

Drug-resistant organisms (DROs) necessitate the development of new therapies. Antimicrobial blue light (ABL) is a promising option, utilizing photoexcitation of endogenous bacterial components to generate reactive oxygen species, leading to bacterial death. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a novel isotropic optical fiber under in-vitro conditions on multidrug-resistant gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-Pa) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Mutant Calreticulin in MPN: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Implications.

Purpose Of Review: More than a decade following the discovery of Calreticulin (CALR) mutations as drivers of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), advances in the understanding of CALR-mutant MPN continue to emerge. Here, we summarize recent advances in mehanistic understanding and in targeted therapies for CALR-mutant MPN.

Recent Findings: Structural insights revealed that the mutant CALR-MPL complex is a tetramer and the mutant CALR C-terminus is exposed on the cell surface.

Chronological changes in etiology, pathological and imaging findings in primary liver cancer from 2001 to 2020.

Purpose: To achieve a historical perspective, the chronological changes in primary liver cancer over a 20-year period were investigated at a single institution, focusing on shifts in etiology and the impact on imaging and pathological findings using The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study of surgically resected primary liver cancer in 680 patients from 2001 to 2020 resulted in 434 patients with 482 nodules being analyzed. Dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography imaging and the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System 2018 classification were employed.

Academic Detailing Interventions and Evidence-Based Prescribing: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Academic detailing (interactive educational outreach) is a widely used strategy to encourage evidence-based prescribing by clinicians.

Objective: To evaluate academic detailing programs targeted at improving prescribing behavior and describe program aspects associated with positive outcomes.

Evidence Review: A systematic search of MEDLINE from April 1, 2007, through December 31, 2022, was performed for randomized trials and nonrandomized studies of academic detailing interventions to improve prescribing.

Integrating microfluidic and bioprinting technologies: advanced strategies for tissue vascularization.

Tissue engineering offers immense potential for addressing the unmet needs in repairing tissue damage and organ failure. Vascularization, the development of intricate blood vessel networks, is crucial for the survival and functions of engineered tissues. Nevertheless, the persistent challenge of ensuring an ample nutrient supply within implanted tissues remains, primarily due to the inadequate formation of blood vessels.

Fracture characteristics and functional outcomes for Schatzker V/VI bicondylar tibial plateau fractures with a separate tubercle fragment: a comparative study.

Introduction: A separate tibial tubercle fragment (TF) is found in up to half of all bicondylar tibial plateau (BTP) fractures. Adequate healing of the TF is required to reconstitute the extensor mechanism of the knee. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes after surgical fixation of BTP fractures with and without a TF.

Survival benefit associated with liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma based on tumor burden scores at listing.

Introduction: Liver transplantation (LT) provides significant survival benefits to patients with unresectable HCC. In the United States, organ allocation policies for HCCs within the United Network for Organ Sharing criteria do not prioritize patients based on their differences in oncological characteristics. This study assessed whether transplant-associated survival benefits (TASBs) vary among patients with different tumor burden scores (TBS) measured at the time of listing.

Sugar-sweetened or artificially sweetened beverage consumption, physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes in US adults.

Aims/hypothesis: A positive association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and diabetes risk has been shown, with inconsistent evidence between artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) and diabetes. Moreover, it is uncertain if physical activity can mitigate the negative effects of these beverages on diabetes development. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the independent and joint associations between SSB or ASB consumption and physical activity on the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Aspirin and Hemocompatibility After LVAD Implantation in Patients With Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: A Secondary Analysis From the ARIES-HM3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The Aspirin and Hemocompatibility Events With a Left Ventricular Assist Device in Advanced Heart Failure (ARIES-HM3) study demonstrated that aspirin may be safely eliminated from the antithrombotic regimen after HeartMate 3 (HM3 [Abbott Cardiovascular]) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. This prespecified analysis explored whether conditions requiring aspirin (prior percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI], coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG], stroke, or peripheral vascular disease [PVD]) would influence outcomes differentially with aspirin avoidance.

Objective: To analyze aspirin avoidance on hemocompatibility-related adverse events (HRAEs) at 1 year after implant in patients with a history of CABG, PCI, stroke, or PVD.

Advancing Delirium Treatment Trials in Older Adults: Recommendations for Future Trials From the Network for Investigation of Delirium: Unifying Scientists (NIDUS).

Objectives: To summarize the delirium treatment trial literature, identify the unique challenges in delirium treatment trials, and formulate recommendations to address each in older adults.

Design: A 39-member interprofessional and international expert working group of clinicians (physicians, nurses, and pharmacists) and nonclinicians (biostatisticians, epidemiologists, and trial methodologists) was convened. Four expert panels were assembled to explore key subtopics (pharmacological/nonpharmacologic treatment, methodological challenges, and novel research designs).

Perseverance of Optimal Realignment is Associated With Improved Cost-utility in Adult Cervical Deformity Surgery.

Background: Early-term complications may not predict long-term success after adult cervical deformity (ACD) correction.

Objective: Evaluate whether optimal realignment results in similar rates of perioperative complications but achieves longer-term cost-utility.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Identifying and treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease among at-risk Veterans.

Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), an increasing public health concern, remains challenging to diagnose and risk-stratify. We assessed the 1) prevalence of MASLD risk factors among Veterans in Veterans Health Administration (VA) care, 2) factors associated with MASLD diagnosis; and 3) associations between MASLD diagnosis and receipt of care.

Methods: Veterans with MASLD risk factors, including obesity, pre-diabetes, diabetes, or dyslipidemia, were identified using International Classification of Diseases-10 codes and followed in 2019-2022.

Direct oral anticoagulants or warfarin in patients with left ventricular thrombus after ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a pilot trial and a prespecified meta-analysis of randomised trials.

Background: The role of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in the treatment of left ventricular thrombus (LVT) after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains uncertain.

Aims: We aimed to compare the effect of rivaroxaban versus warfarin in patients with STEMI complicated by LVT.

Methods: Adult patients with STEMI and two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography showing LVT were assigned to rivaroxaban (15 mg once daily) or warfarin (international normalised ratio goal of 2.

Obesity is Independently Associated with Increased Risk of Fecal Incontinence and Altered Rectal Sensitivity.

Background: Hindgut symptoms are poorly understood complications of obesity. The impact of obesity on fecal incontinence (FI) and anorectal physiology remains unclear, with inconsistent results in prior studies. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between obesity and FI, and the physiological changes in anorectal function.

Engaging dystonia networks with subthalamic stimulation.

Deep brain stimulation is an efficacious treatment for dystonia. While the internal pallidum serves as the primary target, recently, stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been investigated. However, optimal targeting within this structure and its surroundings have not been studied in depth.