Association Between Short-Term Exposure to Ambient PM and Its Components with Hospital Admissions for Patients with Coronary Heart Disease and Comorbid Diabetes Mellitus in Beijing, China.

Existing researches had primarily investigated the associations between various air pollutants and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) or diabetes mellitus (DM) separately. However, the significance and effects of PM and its components in patients with CHD and comorbid DM (CHD-DM) remain unclear. Patient data was sourced from the Beijing Municipal Health Commission Information Centre between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2018.

Who participates in the 'Celebrate Recovery' mutual-help organization? Results from a National US Investigation.

Introduction: Celebrate Recovery (CR) is a new, rapidly growing mutual-help organization (MHO) based on Christian principles and is the largest religious MHO in the US. However, very little is known about CR empirically.

Methods: Secondary data analysis of the National Recovery Study (NRS) (Kelly et al.

Intravitreal Sustained Release Steroid Implants Are Safe and Effective in Patients With Glaucoma Drainage Devices.

Purpose: To describe effects of sustained-release steroid delivery devices on intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with glaucoma drainage devices (GDD).

Methods: Retrospective case series of eyes with steroid implants (dexamethasone or fluocinolone acetonide) and prior GDD (Ahmed, Baerveldt) without uveitis. Outcomes included IOP, IOP rise, central foveal thickness (CFT), and IOP medications.

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the United States. It is characterized by steatosis in the liver and is potentially reversible. Risk factors include obesity, type 2 mellitus, and other metabolic disorders.

Expansion of a conserved architecture drives the evolution of the primate visual cortex.

Human brain evolution is marked by a disproportionate expansion of cortical regions associated with advanced perceptual and cognitive functions. While this expansion is often attributed to the emergence of novel specialized brain areas, modifications to evolutionarily conserved cortical regions also have been linked to species-specific behaviors. Distinguishing between these two evolutionary outcomes has been limited by the ability to make direct comparisons between species.

A divergent two-domain structure of the anti-Müllerian hormone prodomain.

TGFβ family ligands are synthesized as precursors consisting of an N-terminal prodomain and C-terminal growth factor (GF) signaling domain. After proteolytic processing, the prodomain typically remains noncovalently associated with the GF, sometimes forming a high-affinity latent procomplex that requires activation. For the TGFβ family ligand anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), the prodomain maintains a high-affinity interaction with its GF that does not render it latent.

Effects of Recording Condition and Number of Monitored Days on the Discriminative Power of the Daily Phonotrauma Index.

Purpose: The Daily Phonotrauma Index (DPI) can quantify pathophysiological mechanisms associated with daily voice use in individuals with phonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction (PVH). Since DPI was developed based on weeklong ambulatory voice monitoring, this study investigated if DPI can achieve comparable performance using (a) short laboratory speech tasks and (b) fewer than 7 days of ambulatory data.

Method: An ambulatory voice monitoring system recorded the vocal function/behavior of 134 females with PVH and vocally healthy matched controls in two different conditions.

Factors associated with tuberculosis treatment initiation among bacteriologically negative individuals evaluated for tuberculosis: An individual patient data meta-analysis.

Background: Globally, over one-third of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) disease diagnoses are made based on clinical criteria after a negative bacteriological test result. There is limited information on the factors that determine clinicians' decisions to initiate TB treatment when initial bacteriological test results are negative.

Methods And Findings: We performed a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis using studies conducted between January 2010 and December 2022 (PROSPERO: CRD42022287613).

Sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with diet quality among low-income community health center patients with hypertension.

Objective: Identify the most important sociodemographic and behavioral factors related to the diet of low-income adults with hypertension in order to guide the development of a community health worker (CHW) healthy eating intervention for low-income populations with hypertension.

Design: In this cross-sectional analysis, dietary recalls were used to assess Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020) total (range: 0 to 100 [best diet quality]) and component scores and sodium intake. Self-reported sociodemographic and behavioral data were entered into a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression model to determine the relative importance of factors related to diet quality.

Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Total Knee Arthroplasty With Multiple Sclerosis Demonstrate Similar Functional Outcome Measures: A Propensity-Matched Analysis.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) may negatively influence the patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) when undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, functional outcomes in this select population remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes and rate of achieving Minimal Clinically Important Difference for Improvement (MCID-I) and Minimal Clinically Important Difference for Worsening (MCID-W) between MS and non-MS TKAs.

Cell integrity limits ploidy in budding yeast.

Evidence suggests that increases in ploidy have occurred frequently in the evolutionary history of organisms and can serve adaptive functions to specialized somatic cells in multicellular organisms. However, the sudden multiplication of all chromosome content may present physiological challenges to the cells in which it occurs. Experimental studies have associated increases in ploidy with reduced cell survival and proliferation.

Six-Month Outcomes in the Long-Term Outcomes After the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Study.

Importance: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a life-threatening complication of COVID-19 infection. Data on midterm outcomes are limited.

Objective: To characterize the frequency and time course of cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <55%), coronary artery aneurysms (z score ≥2.

Real-World Evaluation of i-gel Introduction on Intraoperative Airway-Related Safety Events: A Retrospective Cohort Study From a New England Hospital Network.

Background: Several health care networks have fully adopted second-generation supraglottic airway (SGA) i-gel. Real-world evidence of enhanced patient safety after such practice change is lacking. We hypothesized that the implementation of i-gel compared to the previous LMA®-Unique™ would be associated with a lower risk of airway-related safety events.

Safety and Efficacy of IV Onasemnogene Abeparvovec for Pediatric Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy: The Phase 3b SMART Study.

Background And Objectives: Safety and efficacy of IV onasemnogene abeparvovec has been demonstrated for patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) weighing <8.5 kg. SMART was the first clinical trial to evaluate onasemnogene abeparvovec for participants weighing 8.

Incidence and Prevalence of Post-COVID-19 Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: A Report from the Observational RECOVER-Adult Study.

Background: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) may occur after infection. How often people develop ME/CFS after SARS-CoV-2 infection is unknown.

Objective: To determine the incidence and prevalence of post-COVID-19 ME/CFS among adults enrolled in the Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER-Adult) study.

Association of Sleep Spindle Rate With Memory Consolidation in Children With Rolandic Epilepsy.

Background And Objectives: Rolandic epilepsy (RE), the most common childhood focal epilepsy syndrome, is characterized by a transient period of sleep-activated epileptiform activity in the centrotemporal regions and variable cognitive deficits. Sleep spindles are prominent thalamocortical brain oscillations during sleep that have been mechanistically linked to sleep-dependent memory consolidation in animal models and healthy controls. Sleep spindles are decreased in RE and related sleep-activated epileptic encephalopathies.

Psychedelic Medicine Exceptionalism.

Research on psychedelic medicines is experiencing a revival. Some clinicians, scientists, and ethicists believe that psychedelics are so different from other treatments that they warrant special consideration in how they are researched, regulated, commercialized, and administered. Others argue that psychedelic medicines show clinical potential, but they should be treated like other medical interventions.

Preliminary Development and Validation of Automated Nociception Recognition Using Computer Vision in Perioperative Patients.

Background: Effective pain recognition and treatment in perioperative environments reduce length of stay and decrease risk of delirium and chronic pain. We sought to develop and validate preliminary computer vision-based approaches for nociception detection in hospitalized patients.

Methods: Prospective observational cohort study using red-green-blue camera detection of perioperative patients.

Electroconvulsive therapy in autism spectrum disorders: an update to the literature.

Purpose Of Review: Over the last quarter century, the clinical evidence surrounding the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has expanded. This review provides the most up-to-date findings on the usage of ECT in ASD and discusses these results within the historical context and direct patient care experience.

Recent Findings: ECT is typically implemented for psychotropic-refractory catatonic, affective, psychotic, and combined pathology for individuals across the lifespan.