291,345 results match your criteria: "Harvard Medical School; Charlestown[Affiliation]"

Objectives: Robotic-assisted laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive method for ablating seizure foci and has gained prominence in epilepsy treatment. The use of robotic guidance in these procedures can minimize errors in probe placement, potentially leading to better clinical outcomes. In this meta-analysis, we assessed the accuracy, safety, and effectiveness of robot-assisted LITT for drug-resistant epilepsy.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Advancing Mental Health Economics: Insights from the Themed Section.

Value Health

January 2025

Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background And Aims: Skeletal muscle (SM) fat infiltration, or intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), reflects muscle quality and is associated with inflammation, a key determinant in cardiometabolic disease. Coronary flow reserve (CFR), a marker of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), is independently associated with body mass index (BMI), inflammation and risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction, and death. The relationship between SM quality, CMD, and cardiovascular outcomes is not known.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, reduced hippocampal subfield volumes, and word reading.

Dev Cogn Neurosci

January 2025

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; The Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, United States. Electronic address:

Reading difficulties and exposure to air pollution are both disproportionately high among youth living in economically disadvantaged contexts. Critically, variance in reading skills in youth living in higher socioeconomic status (SES) contexts largely derives from genetic factors, whereas environmental factors explain more of the variance in reading skills among youth living in lower SES contexts. Although reading research has focused closely on the psychosocial environment, little focus has been paid to the effects of the chemical environment.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: The volume and proportion of surgeries occurring in outpatient settings has increased. However, the growth and distribution of outpatient surgical institutions, namely ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) and hospital-based outpatient surgical departments (HOPDs), remains understudied in rural areas.

Methods: We used descriptive statistics and a multivariate logistic regression to assess the growth and distribution of ASCs and HOPDs in rural areas from 2010 to 2020, leveraging the Area Health Resources Files and American Community Survey.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) is common in adrenal adenomas, including patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) with aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA). This study investigated the impact of MACS on cardiac remodeling and diastolic dysfunction in patients with APA.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled 483 patients with APA.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Recent theoretical work has argued that moral psychology can be understood through the lens of "resource rational contractualism." The view posits that the best way of making a decision that affects other people is to get everyone together to negotiate under idealized conditions. The outcome of that negotiation is an arrangement (or "contract") that would lead to mutual benefit.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The regular workshops held by the Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) on biology-inspired microphysiological systems (MPS) taking place every four years, have become a reliable measure to assess fundamental scientific, industrial and regulatory trends for translational science in the MPS-field from a bird's eye view. The 2023 workshop participants at that time concluded that the technology as used within academia has matured significantly, underlined by the broad use of MPS and the steadily increasing number of high quality research publications - yet, broad industry adoption of MPS has been slow, despite strong interest. Academic research using MPS primarily aims to accurately recapitulate human biology in MPS-based organ models in areas where traditional models have been lacking key elements of human physiology, thereby enabling breakthrough discoveries for life sciences.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into electronic health records offers potential benefits but raises significant ethical, legal, and operational concerns, including unconsented data use, lack of governance, and AI-related malpractice accountability. Sycophancy, feedback loop bias, and data reuse risk amplifying errors without proper oversight. To safeguard patients, especially the vulnerable, clinicians must advocate for patient-centered education, ethical practices, and robust oversight to prevent harm.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Predicting metabolite response to dietary intervention using deep learning.

Nat Commun

January 2025

Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.

Due to highly personalized biological and lifestyle characteristics, different individuals may have different metabolite responses to specific foods and nutrients. In particular, the gut microbiota, a collection of trillions of microorganisms living in the gastrointestinal tract, is highly personalized and plays a key role in the metabolite responses to foods and nutrients. Accurately predicting metabolite responses to dietary interventions based on individuals' gut microbial compositions holds great promise for precision nutrition.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a rare genetic condition caused by mutation to TSC1 or TSC2 genes, with a population prevalence of 1/7000 births. TSC manifests behaviorally with features of autism, epilepsy, and intellectual disability. Resting state electroencephalography (EEG) offers a window into neural oscillatory activity and may serve as an intermediate biomarker between gene expression and behavioral manifestations.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Pediatric bladder tissue engineering: Where have we been and where do we go next?

J Pediatr Urol

January 2025

Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address:

Objectives: This review aims to (a) provide a concise overview of early clinical trials in bladder tissue engineering and the associated challenges, (b) evaluate significant advancements over the past 15 years in addressing key limitations in angiogenesis, scaffolding, cell sourcing, and immunomodulation, and (c) explore the individual and synergistic contributions of each domain toward the development of a viable engineered solution.

Materials And Methods: Relevant papers for this narrative review were selected through a PubMed search for "bladder tissue engineering" studies published between 01/01/2009 and 12/31/2024, as well as earlier clinical trials that predate this period.

Results: Along with reviewing four major clinical trials, this review highlights nearly 20 distinct studies that showcase progress in the critical domains of angiogenesis, scaffolding, cell sourcing, and immunomodulation.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Expanding best practices in nuclear cardiology: A blueprint for growth.

J Nucl Cardiol

January 2025

From the Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Radiology and Medicine; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology; and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA. Electronic address:

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis and is administered via intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (SC) injection. AQST-109, a sublingual film containing a prodrug of epinephrine, is in development as an alternative delivery method for the treatment of severe allergic reactions including anaphylaxis.

Objective: To compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of epinephrine following administration of AQST-109 to epinephrine delivered by manual IM injection and epinephrine autoinjectors (EAIs).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Impact of Sarcoidosis in Patients Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement: Insight from Nationwide Readmission Database 2016-2019.

Indian Heart J

January 2025

Franciscan Health, Lafayette, Indiana; Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Electronic address:

It is not well-known if valve replacement outcomes differ in patients with sarcoidosis, especially in aortic valve intervention where the pressure gradients are physiologically high. In this retrospective study, we included all patients who underwent surgical/transcatheter aortic valve replacement from the National Readmission Database (2016-2019) and then divided them into those with and without sarcoidosis. Logistic and cox proportional hazard regression models were used.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Risk-benefit tradeoffs between restrictive versus liberal red blood cell transfusion strategies may vary across individuals. This exploratory analysis aimed to derive and evaluate individualized treatment effects of defined transfusion strategies in patients with acute MI and anemia with the goal of minimizing adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods: This study analyzed 3,447 (98.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Validation of BEST-CLI among patients undergoing primary bypass or angioplasty with or without stenting for chronic limb-threatening ischemia.

J Vasc Surg

January 2025

Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Electronic address:

Background: BEST-CLI established the superiority of single-segment great saphenous vein (ssGSV) conduits for revascularization in patients with CLTI; however, the generalizability of these data is unknown. Thus, we aimed to validate the long-term results of open surgical bypass (BPG) versus angioplasty with or without stenting (PTA/S) using the BEST-CLI inclusion and randomization criteria.

Methods: All patients undergoing a first-time lower extremity revascularization for CLTI at our institution from 2005 to 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Astrocytes play important roles in the central nervous system (CNS) during health and disease. Prior studies have shown that gut commensals derived indole derivatives as well as secondary bile acids modulate astrocyte function during the late stage of EAE (recovery phase). Here we show that administering vancomycin to mice starting during the early stage of EAE improved disease recovery, an effect that is mediated by the gut microbiota.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Consistent direction despite wavering policy: reductions in resident physician extended duration shifts over 20 years.

Am J Med

January 2025

Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

We examined data from 17,498 physicians-in-training who reported on 92,662 months of work over a 20 year study interval that included three major revisions to work hour limits. Extended duration shifts (≥24 hours; EDS) are much less common than they used to be. On average, first-year resident physicians (PGY1s) currently work a total of 4 EDS per year and 3 EDS per month during months in which any EDS are worked.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Global and European landscape of major hypertension guidelines.

Lancet

January 2025

Cardiology Department, Galway University Hospital and University of Galway School of Medicine, Galway, H91 YR71, Ireland; National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, Galway, Ireland; Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Centre for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address:

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objectives: This study evaluated Veterans' motivation and perception of different components of a novel physical therapy (PT) treatment aimed at increasing mobility, motivation, and exercise adoption.

Methods: Patient-satisfaction surveys were administered to middle-aged to older Veterans (≥50 years old) with slow walking speed who completed the 8-week PT treatment. Mixed methods were employed to assess rating-based responses and examine themes derived from open-ended responses.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Molecular characterization of HER2-negative breast cancers reveals a distinct patient subgroup with 17q12 deletion and heterozygous loss of ERBB2.

ESMO Open

January 2025

Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA. Electronic address:

Background: The approval of trastuzumab deruxtecan has prompted the subgrouping of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) breast cancers (BCs) to HER2 0 and HER2 low on the basis of immunohistochemistry, although the biological significance of these subgroups remains uncertain. This study is aimed to better understand the molecular and genetic differences among HER2- tumors stratified by quantitative levels of HER2.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed the transcriptomic and genomic data from the Molecular Taxonomy of BC International Consortium (discovery cohort) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (independent validation cohort).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

HER2DX in HER2-positive inflammatory breast cancer: correlative insights and comparative analysis with noninflammatory breast cancers.

ESMO Open

January 2025

Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA; Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.

Background: The HER2DX assay predicts long-term prognosis and pathologic complete response (pCR) in patients with early-stage human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant systemic therapy but has not been evaluated in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC).

Patients And Methods: HER2DX was analyzed in baseline biopsy tissues from 23 patients with stage III HER2-positive IBC on a phase II trial (NCT01796197) treated with neoadjuvant trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and paclitaxel (THP). To assess the assay's predictive accuracy for pCR in IBC, clinical-pathological features and outcomes from this IBC cohort were compared with 156 patients with stage III HER2-positive non-IBC from four different cohorts.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF