Life course social mobility and cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in India: Exploring heterogeneity by gender.

This study investigates the link between life course social mobility and cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in India, specifically emphasizing whether upward and downward mobility exerts symmetric associations and potential gender heterogeneity within these associations. Leveraging data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India 2017-2018, encompassing 64,710 individuals aged 45 years or above, we classified social mobility as 'consistently high,' 'upward mobility,' 'downward mobility,' and 'consistently low,' based on socioeconomic position during childhood and late adulthood. Multivariable regression and gender-interaction analyses were employed to assess associations.

The relationship between lifecourse traumatic events and pain in an older rural South African population: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Pain in older adults is an increasing concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with literature suggesting an association with past traumatic events (TEs) in high-income settings. We aim to investigate this relationship in a population-representative sample of older adults with high burden of TEs in a rural South African community.

Methods: The Health and Aging in Africa: A longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa (HAALSI) study collected data pain intensity, using the Brief Pain Inventory, and TEs with a 16-item questionnaire, from 2411 participants aged 40-79 in 2014-15.

Exploring the association between neighborhood disadvantage and cannabis retail density: A multi-measure analysis.

Introduction: There is growing interest in the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and increased cannabis retail density, driven by evidence suggesting higher density is associated with increased cannabis use. Yet little is known on how this relationship varies across different measures of cannabis retail density. This study explores how measures of neighborhood advantage and disadvantage relate to four cannabis retail density measures in the US.

Building Social Capital in University Students: A Physical Education Intervention Program.

Background: This study examines the effects of physical education on the social capital of university students, focusing on improving family, neighborhood, and academic relationships through group exercise.

Methods: In Zagreb, Croatia, 976 participants aged 19-20 years participated in a randomized controlled trial. The intervention group (n = 472) engaged in teamwork exercises, and the control group (n = 504) completed individual exercises.

Prevalence of severe and moderate anthropometric failure among children in India, 1993-2021.

Though child anthropometric failure (CAF) is a persistent problem in India, previous studies have often neglected state-level variance and aggregated moderate and severe CAF categories. This study addresses this gap by examining moderate and severe malnutrition across India's states and union territories (UTs) from 1993 to 2021. Data of children under 2 years old from five waves of National Family Health Surveys, a representative cross-sectional survey of Indian households, were analysed.

Estimating dementia prevalence using remote diagnoses and algorithmic modelling: a population-based study of a rural region in South Africa.

Background: Dementia is a leading cause of global death and disability. High-quality data describing dementia prevalence and burden remain scarce in sub-Saharan Africa. Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study in South Africa (HAALSI) fills evidence gaps with longitudinal data on cognition, biomarkers, and everyday function in a population-based cohort of Black South Africans, aged 40 years and older, in a rural subdistrict.

Dementia risk reduction in the African context: Multi-national implementation of multimodal strategies to promote healthy brain aging in Africa (the Africa-FINGERS project).

Dementia prevention in Africa is critically underexplored, despite the continent's high prevalence of modifiable risk factors. With a predominantly young and middle-aged population, Africa presents a prime opportunity to implement evidence-based strategies that could significantly reduce future dementia cases and mitigate its economic impact. The multinational Africa-FINGERS program offers an innovative solution, pioneering culturally sensitive, multidomain interventions tailored to the unique challenges of the region.

Breast cancer risk among women with schizophrenia and association with duration of antipsychotic use: population-based cohort study in South Korea.

Background: Breast cancer is a major global health issue, especially among women. Previous research has indicated a possible association between psychiatric conditions, particularly schizophrenia, and an increased risk of breast cancer. However, the specific risk of breast cancer in women with schizophrenia, compared with those with other psychiatric disorders and the general population, remains controversial and needs further clarification.

International Trends in Zinc Treatment for Diarrhea.

Background: Diarrhea is a leading cause of death among children <5 years of age and can have long-term adverse consequences for human development. The World Health Organization has recommended the therapeutic use of zinc for the treatment of diarrhea, along with oral rehydration solutions, since 2004. We studied recent trends in the use of zinc to treat diarrhea in 23 low- and middle-income countries.

Gender-specific associations between sleep stages and cardiovascular risk factors.

Study Objectives: Sleep characteristics are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and both sleep and CVD risk vary by gender. Our objective was to examine associations between polysomnographic sleep characteristics and CVD risk after excluding moderate-severe sleep apnea, and whether gender modifies these associations.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with at-home polysomnography in adults in Brazil (n= 1,102 participants with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)<15 events/hour).

"Empathy for children is often missing": a mixed methods analysis of a German forum on COVID-19 pandemic measures.

Background: The pandemic and its preventive measures disrupted daily routines and posed unforeseen obstacles for families. Users of public online forums chronicled these challenges by freely expressing their sentiments in unrestricted text-length formats. We explored a German COVID-19 forum to understand family perspectives and experiences of pandemic measures, particularly in terms of testing and vaccinating children.

Experience of health care utilization for inpatient and outpatient services among older adults in India.

Background: Patient experiences have not been documented at all India level among older adults for inpatient and outpatient services. We provide all-India and sub national estimates on six domains of patient experience, namely: waiting time, respectful treatment, clarity of explanation provided, privacy during consultation, treated by provider of choice, and cleanliness of facility.

Methods: Unit records of adults aged 45 years and above for their inpatient (n = 4330) or outpatient (n = 33,724) service use were assessed from the Longitudinal Ageing Survey of India (LASI), conducted in 2017-18.

Association between neonatal mortality and births not weighed among 400 thousand institutional deliveries in 32 low- and middle-income countries.

Background: Low birthweight (LBW) children have a higher risk of neonatal mortality. All institutional deliveries, therefore, should be weighed to determine appropriate care. Mortality risk for newborns who are not weighed at birth (NWB) is unknown.

The global geography of artificial intelligence in life science research.

Artificial intelligence (AI) promises to transform medicine, but the geographic concentration of AI expertize may hinder its equitable application. We analyze 397,967 AI life science research publications from 2000 to 2022 and 14.5 million associated citations, creating a global atlas that distinguishes productivity (i.

Effects of glycaemic control on memory performance, hippocampal volumes and depressive symptomology.

Background: Diabetes and poor glycaemic control have been shown to negatively impact cognitive abilities, while also raising risk of both mood disorders and brain structural atrophy. Sites of atrophy include the hippocampus, which has been implicated in both memory performance and depression. The current study set out to better characterise the associations between poor glycaemic control, memory performance, and depression symptoms, and investigate whether loss of hippocampal volume could represent a neuropathological mechanism underlying these.

Social support receipt as a predictor of mortality: A cohort study in rural South Africa.

The mechanisms connecting various types of social support to mortality have been well-studied in high-income countries. However, less is known about how these relationships function in different socioeconomic contexts. We examined how four domains of social support-emotional, physical, financial, and informational-impact mortality within a sample of older adults living in a rural and resource-constrained setting.

Life course financial mobility and later-life memory function and decline by gender, and race and ethnicity: an intersectional analysis of the US KHANDLE and STAR cohort studies.

Background: Intersectionality has rarely been considered in research studies of cognitive ageing. We investigated whether life-course financial mobility is differentially associated with later-life memory function and decline across intersectional identities defined by gender, and race and ethnicity.

Methods: Data were from two harmonised multiethnic cohorts (the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences cohort and the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans cohort) in northern California, USA (n=2340).