Identifying cognitive test scores associated with early tau burden in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: This study aimed to identify cognitive tests that optimally relate to tau positron emission tomography (PET) signal in the inferior temporal cortex (ITC), a neocortical region associated with early tau accumulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the harvard aging brain study (HABS) (= 128) and the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's (A4) study (= 393). We used elastic net regression to identify the most robust cognitive correlates of tau PET signal in the ITC.

segcsvd: A Convolutional Neural Network-Based Tool for Quantifying White Matter Hyperintensities in Heterogeneous Patient Cohorts.

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) of presumed vascular origin are a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based biomarker of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). WMH are associated with cognitive decline and increased risk of stroke and dementia, and are commonly observed in aging, vascular cognitive impairment, and neurodegenerative diseases. The reliable and rapid measurement of WMH in large-scale multisite clinical studies with heterogeneous patient populations remains challenging, where the diversity of imaging characteristics across studies adds additional complexity to this task.

Neuromodulation as a therapeutic approach for post-traumatic stress disorder: the evidence to date.

Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can have debilitating effects on quality of life, and conventional treatments show mixed results. Neuromodulation is emerging as a promising approach for treating PTSD. This review examines current neuromodulatory treatments for PTSD, and highlights methodologies, clinical outcomes, and gaps in the literature to help guide future research.

An update on the role of focused ultrasound in neuro-oncology.

Purpose Of Review: Brain tumor treatment presents challenges for patients and clinicians, with prognosis for many of the most common brain tumors being poor. Focused ultrasound (FUS) can be deployed in several ways to circumvent these challenges, including the need to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and spare healthy brain tissue. This article reviews current FUS applications within neuro-oncology, emphasizing ongoing or recently completed clinical trials.

The Use of Focused Ultrasound to Enhance Liquid Biopsy.

Breakthroughs in medical imaging and ultrasound transducer design have led to feasible application of focused ultrasound (FUS) to intracranial pathologies. Currently, one of the most active fields in FUS has been the temporary disruption the blood-brain barrier. In addition to enhancing drug delivery to the brain, FUS blood-brain barrier disruption may allow liberation of biomarkers from the brain, thus facilitating ease of detection and adding the element of spatial specificity to an otherwise nonspecific test.

Cognitive outcomes following unilateral magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: findings from two cohorts.

Magnetic resonance-guided, focused ultrasound thalamotomy is a neurosurgical treatment for refractory essential tremor. This study examined cognitive outcomes following unilateral magnetic resonance-guided, focused ultrasound thalamotomy, targeting the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus for essential tremor. The research was conducted at two sites: Sunnybrook Research Institute in Toronto, Canada, and West Virginia University School of Medicine Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute in West Virginia, USA.

Effects and mechanisms of anterior thalamus nucleus deep brain stimulation for epilepsy: A scoping review of preclinical studies.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) is a safe and effective intervention for the treatment of certain forms of epilepsy. In preclinical models, electrical stimulation of the ANT has antiepileptogenic effects but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this review, we searched multiple databases for studies that described the effects and mechanisms of ANT low or high frequency stimulation (LFS or HFS) in models of epilepsy.

Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Focused Ultrasound Capsulotomy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder.

Background: Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) trials targeting the anterior limb of the internal capsule have shown promising results. We evaluated the long-term safety and efficacy of MRgFUS capsulotomy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: This phase 1, single-center, open-label study recruited patients with treatment-resistant OCD and MDD.

Antidepressant class and concurrent rTMS outcomes in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is frequently used as an adjunctive treatment with antidepressants for depression. We aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of antidepressant classes when administered concurrently with rTMS for the management of major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to April 12th 2024 for terms relating to medication, depression, and rTMS and appraised by 2 independent screeners.

Antihyperalgesic effect of γ-terpinene complexed in β-cyclodextrin on neuropathic pain model induced by tumor cells.

Neuropathic pain is a high-intensity pain that can be caused by compression, transection, injury, nerve infiltration and drug treatment of cancer. Furthermore, drug therapy has low clinical efficacy, many adverse effects and remission of painful symptoms. In this way, natural products derived from plants constitute a promising therapeutic alternative.

Cognitive Profiles in Treatment-Resistant Late-Life Depression and Their Impact on Treatment Outcomes.

Background: Late-life depression (LLD) is associated with cognitive impairment, but substantial heterogeneity exists among patients. Data on the extent of cognitive impairments are inconclusive, particularly in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). We investigated the cognitive profiles of patients with treatment-resistant versus nonresistant LLD and aimed to identify distinct cognitive subgroups.

Longitudinal relationships between depressive symptoms, functional impairment, and physical activity in later late life.

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between depressive symptoms, functional disability, and physical activity over time in community-dwelling older adults. The Religious Order Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project are longitudinal cohort studies based in the United States which began recruitment in 1994 and 1997, respectively. This analysis included 1611 participants (27.

Perivascular spaces, plasma GFAP, and speeded executive function in neurodegenerative diseases.

Introduction: We investigated the effect of perivascular spaces (PVS) volume on speeded executive function (sEF), as mediated by white matter hyperintensities (WMH) volume and plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods: A mediation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between neuroimaging markers and plasma biomarkers on sEF in 333 participants clinically diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease/mild cognitive impairment, frontotemporal dementia, or cerebrovascular disease from the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative.

Results: PVS was significantly associated with sEF (c = -0.

Treatment expectations and clinical outcomes following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression.

Background: Patient expectations, including both positive (placebo) and negative (nocebo) effects, influence treatment outcomes, yet their impact on acute repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is unclear.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective chart review, 208 TRD patients completed the Stanford Expectation of Treatment Scale (SETS) before starting open-label rTMS treatment. Patients were offered two excitatory rTMS protocols (deep TMS or intermittent theta-burst stimulation), which stimulated the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

Sex, racial, and ethnic disparities in motor neuron disease: clinical trial enrolment.

Objective: Motor neuron disease (MND) is a group of neurological diseases, the majority being amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), with varying clinical presentations across demographics. Clinical trial enrollment reflecting global disease burden improves understanding of diverse presentations and aids personalized therapy development. We assessed the sex, racial, and ethnic composition of MND/ALS clinical trial participants relative to global disease burdens.